Holmium:YAG laser for treatment of strictures of vesicourethral anastomosis after radical prostatectomy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Strictures of the vesicourethral anastomosis (VUA) following radical prostatectomy tend to recur. We used the holmium:YAG laser for treatment of recurrent stricture of the VUA. We evaluated the technique and its efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 10 patients, the Ho:YAG laser was used with a 365-mum fiber at a setting of 2 J and frequency 10 to 20 Hz, creating a deep incision of the scar tissue at the 6 o'clock position. This was followed by a vaporizing resection of the remaining scar tissue between 3 and 9 o'clock. We aimed to vaporize up to well-vascularized surrounding tissue. Retrospectively, the charts were reviewed for hospital stay, voiding complaints, recurrence of stenosis, complications, and flow rates. The mean follow-up was 18 months. RESULTS: There were no operative complications. After removal of the catheter, all patients could void without difficulty. No re-treatment was needed for recurrent stenosis. Any existing irritative voiding complaints or incontinence did not change after treatment. In all patients, the flow pattern improved: the mean maximum flow rate increased, and the mean postvoiding residual volume decreased. CONCLUSION: The Ho:YAG laser seems to be a safe and effective treatment for first or recurrent strictures of the VUA after radical prostatectomy.     

前列腺癌根治术后并发膀胱尿道吻合口狭窄的病因分析

通过分析前列腺癌根治术后并发膀胱尿道吻合口狭窄的诸多病因作一综述。通过PubMed检索平台,广泛检索近20年的英文文献。分析大样本(N100例)临床中心研究数据。所有纳入此综述的文献报告病例均是早期局限的前列腺癌患者。前列腺癌根治术后膀胱尿道吻合口狭窄的病因目前仍无统一定论,期待进一步的临床试验研究明确其病因并以此为依据有效预防此类并发症的发生。     

球囊扩张在腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术后膀胱颈-后尿道吻合口狭窄治疗中的应用

目的:探讨球囊扩张在腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术后膀胱颈-后尿道吻合口狭窄治疗中的安全性及有效性。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月～2017年9月我院收治的腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术后膀胱颈-后尿道吻合口狭窄患者22例,平均年龄66.9岁,均无压力性尿失禁。均予尿道镜下行吻合口狭窄段球囊扩张术(F24),放置F22导尿管2～3周后拔除,定期监测其最大尿流率、平均尿流率、残余尿量、尿垫数量及尿控恢复时间。结果:术后3个月患者最大尿流率、平均尿流率均明显高于术前[(16.59±2.13)ml/s vs.(7.13±1.28)ml/s,(8.32±1.81)ml/s vs.(4.05±1.09)ml/s,P<0.05],残余尿量明显低于术前[(25.18±5.28)ml vs.(105.91±26.33)ml,P<0.05]。随访12个月,患者术后均需使用尿垫,行提肛锻炼后尿控均恢复,无尿道或膀胱损伤、尿瘘、反复血尿、反复尿路感染等并发症,无吻合口狭窄复发。结论:球囊扩张是治疗腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术后膀胱颈-后尿道吻合口狭窄的一种安全、有效的方法,值得临床推广。     

Open reconstruction of recurrent vesicourethral anastomotic stricture after radical prostatectomy

Objectives

To determine the outcomes of open vesicourethral anastomotic reconstruction (VUAR) for outlet stenosis following radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods

Review of all cases of VUAR within an IRB-approved database was performed. Preoperative factors assessed included cancer treatment modality, duration of symptoms, prior treatments, and length of defect. Outcomes reviewed included length-of-stay (LOS), complications, maintenance of patency, continence, and need for additional procedures.

Results

Twelve cases of VUAR performed by a single surgeon (BJF) from 2004 to 2012 were identified. Surgical approaches were either abdominal (7), perineal (3), or abdominoperineal (2). All patients underwent prior RP, with 25 % having subsequent radiotherapy. Among patients with stenosis, 43 % were completely obliterated. Two cases had prior anastomotic disruption in the early postoperative period after RP. The median length of stenosis was 2.5 cm (range 1–5 cm) and median LOS was 3.0 days (range 1–7 days). At a median follow-up of 75.5 months (range 14–120 months), 92 % of men retained patency; only 25 % were continent.

Conclusion

In experienced hands, VUAR can restore durable patency for men afflicted with outlet stenosis after RP. Despite anatomic restoration, incontinence is likely.     

Successful treatment of recurrent vesicourethral stricture after radical prostatectomy with holmium laser: Report of three cases

We report three cases with severe anastomotic strictures, which recurred several times after radical prostatectomy despite repeated treatments of urethral dilation, internal urethrotomy and/or transurethral resection. All three cases were finally treated with holmium laser successfully without any intraoperative or postoperative complications after repeated failures of each treatment. There were two specific characteristics in these three cases: the early onset of the stricture and the pinhole opening located on the top (12-o'clock) of the stricture wall.     

Urine colour after radical prostatectomy predicts urinary leakage at the vesicourethral anastomosis

Abstract Objective. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether postoperative urine colour could be used as a predictor for the presence or absence of a urinary leakage at the vesicourethral anastomosis after open radical prostatectomy. Material and methods. In this prospective study, the urine colour of 223 patients who underwent open radical prostatectomy due to histologically proven localized prostate cancer was assessed macroscopically and microscopically on postoperative day (POD) 6, 7 and 8. All patients underwent evaluation of perianastomotic extravasation by retrograde cystography on POD 8. Baseline characteristics included age; prostate-specific antigen; prostate volume; tumour, node, metastasis classification; and Gleason score. Results. The urine colour was a highly significant predictor for perianastomotic extravasation in cystography when it was red on POD 6, 7 and 8. The sensitivity and specificity of urine colour as a predictor for extravasation were 71.4% and 83.2% on POD 6, 71.4% and 85.8% on POD 7, and 81.8% and 90.9% on POD 8, respectively, with a clear or slightly ensanguined urine colour. The negative and positive predictive values were 98.6% and 81.8%, respectively. Conclusion. A cystography can be omitted if the patient demonstrates a clear urine colour on POD 8, without an increased risk of missing a perianastomotic extravasation.     

Transperineal reanastomosis for treatment of highly recurrent anastomotic strictures after radical retropubic prostatectomy: extended follow-up

Objectives

To re-evaluate safety and efficacy of transperineal reanastomosis (TPRA) as a viable therapeutic option in highly recurrent anastomotic strictures (AS) after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP).

Methods

Retrospective analysis by standardized questionnaire inquiring for recurrence of stricture, stress urinary incontinence (SUI), sexual function, satisfaction, and changes in quality of life (QoL) was performed in all patients undergoing TPRA. Validated questionnaires (ICIQ-UI, EQ-5D, and IPSS) were included.

Results

Median follow-up was 45.0 months. The average number of prior operations was 4.69. Success rate was 87% (20/23). Three recurrences were successfully treated via endoscopic means. All patients had urinary incontinence pre-op and post-op. Implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) has been performed successfully in 73.9% (17/23). Rate of complications was low (8.7%; 2/23, Clavien–Dindo Grade II + III). EQ-5D-VAS showed a good general state of health (73.5/100). An improvement in QoL was noted in 63.6% (14/22) and patient satisfaction was high (72.7%; 16/22).

Conclusions

This extended follow-up confirms the initial results for TPRA as an excellent treatment option for highly recurrent AS after RRP. Postoperative SUI as a consequence of transsphincteric urethral mobilization can be satisfactorily treated by the implantation of AUS. In case of AS recalcitrant to endoscopic treatment, the described procedure—even though technically challenging—represents a valuable treatment option.

     

New modality for treatment of resistant anastomotic strictures after radical prostatectomy: UroLume urethral stent.

A new approach for the treatment of vesicourethral anastomotic stricture after radical retropubic prostatectomy is presented. The patient had failed treatment with bougies, balloon dilation, and cold-knife incision of the anastomotic area. Transurethral resection of the bladder neck resulted in a rapid recurrence of the stricture. He was successfully treated with insertion of a UroLume urethral stent. After 18 months of follow-up, the patient is symptom free.     

Laparoscopic versus open radical prostatectomy: Urodynamic evaluation of vesicourethral function

Objectives:   To assess the impact of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy on vesicourethral function and compare it to that of open radical prostatectomy.
Methods:   Sixty-three patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer were included in this retrospective analysis. Urodynamic parameters, including maximum urethral closing pressure (MUCP), functional profile length (FPL), bladder compliance, maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) and detrusor overactivity, were considered. Continence status and changes in urodynamic findings before and after surgery were evaluated. In addition, postoperative urodynamic findings were compared with those in 58 patients undergoing open radical prostatectomy.
Results:   After laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, MUCP and FPL showed a significant postoperative decrease. Continence rates after surgery were 82% in the laparoscopic and 78% in the open group. Comparison of postoperative data between continent and incontinent patients in both surgical groups showed significantly lower MUCP, shorter FPL, lower bladder compliance and higher incidence of detrusor overactivity in incontinent patients. Although there was no significant difference in postoperative MUCP and FPL between the two groups, bladder compliance was significantly lower and incidence of detrusor overactivity was significantly higher in the open prostatectomy group.
Conclusions:   Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has a negative impact on storage function by impairing function of the urethral sphincter and decreasing bladder compliance. There is no difference in postoperative urethral function between open and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Laparoscopic surgery might be associated with less impairment of bladder function than open surgery.     

Vesicourethral anastomotic strictures after radical retropubic prostatectomy: the experience of a single institution

OBJECTIVE: Stricture of the vesicourethral anastomosis remains a well-documented complication after radical retropubic prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 294 patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy. Possible correlations between anastomotic stricture formation, tumor stage, positive surgical margins, number of anastomotic sutures, bladder neck preservation, urine leakage, previous prostate surgery and/or intraoperative blood loss were examined. RESULTS: An anastomotic stricture was found in 18 cases (6%) requiring some kind of treatment. In 10 patients (56%), the bladder neck stricture occurred within 3 months after surgery, in 5 (28%) at 4-12 months after surgery and in 3 (16%) more than 12 months after surgery. Intraoperative blood loss (>1,000 ml) was found to be significantly correlated with urinary leakage (p < 0.001) and both correlated with anastomotic stricture formation (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Excessive intraoperative blood loss (>1,000 ml) and urine leakage was found to be significantly correlated to the formation of anastomotic stricture following radical retropubic prostatectomy.