经部分切除胼胝体后手术治疗胼周动脉瘤

大脑前动脉胼周段动脉瘤的外科治疗较困难,因损伤、粘连、血肿等位于纵裂深部以及动脉瘤术中破裂常使解剖复杂化,故易将大脑前动脉损伤.本文描术了经纵裂入路治疗胼周动脉瘤的方法,更好地显露了大脑前动脉和胼周动脉.文中报道的2例患     

小骨窗纵裂入路开颅手术治疗大脑前动脉-胼周动脉动脉瘤

目的探讨小骨窗纵裂入路治疗大脑前动脉-胼周动脉动脉瘤的临床效果。方法回顾分析10例经小骨窗纵裂入路显微手术治疗的大脑前动脉-胼周动脉动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果 10例病人均成功夹闭动脉瘤,8例恢复良好,1例遗留一侧下肢轻瘫,1例在外院行介入治疗失败后转入我科行手术治疗,术后患者重残。手术无死亡。结论采用小骨窗纵裂入路治疗大脑前动脉-胼周动脉动脉瘤只要处理得当,临床效果满意。     

翼点与纵裂联合入路手术治疗大脑前动脉-胼周动脉瘤

目的探讨翼点联合纵裂入路手术治疗大脑前动脉-胼周动脉瘤的临床效果。方法回顾性分析20例行翼点联合纵裂入路手术治疗的大脑前动脉-胼周动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果20例患者均恢复良好,手术后平均住院时间18天。无术中动脉瘤破裂,无手术死亡,未发生神经系统并发症。出院时GOS预后评分均为良好。结论应用翼点联合纵裂入路手术治疗大脑前动脉-胼周动脉瘤,可获得满意的临床效果。     

经额下锁孔入路夹闭大脑前循环动脉瘤

摘要：目的：探索经额下锁孔入路夹闭大脑前循环动脉瘤的优缺点,并与经翼点入路夹闭大脑前循环动脉瘤的手术相比较。方法：在眉上顺额部皮纹切开皮肤,长约6cm,达骨膜,切口内侧起于近中线处,外侧达额突外侧1cm,将骨膜向两侧推开,切开颞线后方肌肉1cm。在颞线后颞肌下钻孔1枚,铣刀锯开2.0cm×4.0cm包括眶缘在内的骨瓣。弧形剪开硬膜,手术显微镜下抬起额叶直达同侧视神经,撕开视神经两侧蛛网膜,缓慢放出脑脊液,脑组织塌陷良好后,根据动脉瘤的部位,解剖外侧裂根部,如显露颈内动脉—后交通动脉动脉瘤或大脑中动脉动脉瘤,解剖外侧裂根部1～2cm;或沿大脑前动脉显露前交通动脉动脉瘤。经额下入路对78例大脑前循环动脉瘤实行显微手术,夹闭82个,包裹3个,其中7例在内镜协助下进行动脉瘤夹闭。结果：78例因多发性脑梗赛死亡1例,得到随访的69例（随访时间1～24个月）,都健康生存。结论：经额下锁孔入路夹闭大脑前循环动脉瘤,手术切口小,损伤轻,节省手术时间,术后保持容貌完整,是较为理想的入路。     

一侧入路显露两侧动脉瘤的显微外科应用解剖

对于幕上双侧颅内动脉瘤,如能从一侧入路显露并夹闭所有动脉瘤,可免除二次手术。眼动脉起始部,后交通动脉起始部,颈内动脉终末分叉,前交通动脉起始部,大脑中动脉膝部分叉处,是前循环五个常见动脉瘤好发部位,通过一侧翼点入路显露对侧五个动脉瘤好发部位的显微解剖研究,评价一侧入路显露并夹闭双侧多发动脉瘤的可行性,对临床具有重要指导意义和应用价值。     

翼点与纵裂联合人路手术治疗大脑前动脉-胼周动脉瘤

目的 探讨翼点联合纵裂人路手术治疗人脑前动脉-胼周动脉瘤的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析20例行翼点联合纵裂入路手术治疗的大脑前动脉-胼周动脉瘤患者的临床资料.结果 20例患者均恢复良好,手术后平均住院时间18天.无术中动脉瘤破裂,无手术死亡.未发牛神经系统并发症.出院时GOS预后评分均为良好.结论 应用翼点联合纵裂入路手术治疗大脑前动脉一胼周动脉瘤,可获得满意的临床效果.     

显微手术治疗大脑前动脉系统动脉瘤

自１９９０年至１９９４年５月，用显微手术方法治疗４４例大脑前动脉系统动脉瘤，其中３９例为前交通动脉瘤，２例为额极动脉末端动脉瘤，位于大脑前动脉水平段、垂直段和胼周动脉起始部动脉瘤各１例。２例前交通动脉瘤还合并其它部位动脉瘤。６个梭形动脉瘤，余为囊性动脉瘤。６个梭形和３个囊性动脉瘤经电灼包裹，余中型囊性动脉瘤均由一次性手术夹闭瘤颈。术后２例死亡。全部病例随访，除１例植物状态、１例偏瘫、２例视野缺损外     

大脑前动脉远侧段囊状动脉瘤

大脑前动脉(ACA)远侧段囊状动脉瘤少见,仅占颅内动脉瘤的2.0%～6.7%。本文作者治疗42例ACA远侧段动脉瘤。42例中男性18例,女性24例,年龄29～71岁,平均54岁。ACA远侧段动脉瘤数目各不相同,单个动脉瘤者36例,两个5例,三个1例。30例动脉瘤破裂,其中直径<5mm者有20例,6～10mm者7例,≥11mm者3例。18例为多发性动脉瘤,占42.9%,与蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)有关的ACA远段动脉瘤10例。有5例合并脑血管异常,如只有一条ACA,存在原始三叉动脉和脑血管畸形等。其他一些病人ACA有解剖变异,如胼周动脉只有一条,胼缘动脉提前分出等。手术方法:作者认为动脉瘤的方向、桥静脉的     

大脑前动脉-胼周动脉动脉瘤的临床特点及其治疗(附23例报告)

目的探讨大脑前动脉-胼周动脉动脉瘤的诊断和总结其外科治疗的经验。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年10月收治的23例大脑前动脉-胼周动脉动脉瘤患者的临床资料,其中20例行开颅动脉瘤夹闭术,3例行血管内栓塞治疗。结果 23例患者均恢复良好,住院时间为14～28d,平均19d。本组无死亡病例,无神经系统并发症者。3例行血管内治疗的患者中,2例头部CT发现在胼胝体前部纵裂间形成小血肿者,其精神症状和下肢轻瘫的恢复时间较行手术治疗的患者长。结论无论手术夹闭还是血管内栓塞治疗大脑前动脉-胼周动脉瘤,其效果均较好,但开颅显微手术夹闭仍是主要的外科治疗方法。     

椎基底动脉瘤的手术治疗

目的 探讨手术治疗椎基底动脉瘤的方法.方法 26例28个椎基底动脉瘤患者.动脉瘤破裂出血9例;16例基底动脉瘤,10例椎动脉瘤.5例基底动脉顶部动脉瘤经翼点入路,5例基底动脉顶部和2例基底动脉上段动脉瘤用额颞颧(切断颧弓、扩大中颅窝底)入路,4例基底动脉中段动脉瘤采用乙状窦前(岩骨)和远外侧联合入路.10例椎动脉瘤中,4例椎动脉瘤采用乙状窦前(岩骨)和岩骨联合入路,6例取用远外侧-枕骨髁联合入路.11例术中临时阻断血管时间延长或可能影响开通血管患者行血管搭桥术,其中颈内动脉大脑后动脉P2段移植搭桥2例,颈外动脉与大脑后动脉P2段移植搭桥4例,椎动脉移植搭桥2例,枕动脉与小脑后下动脉搭桥3例.结果 术后恢复正常工作,无神经功能障碍者:基底动脉顶端动脉瘤9例,基底动脉干动脉瘤5例,椎动脉瘤10例,良好率为92%.1例基底动脉顶端动脉瘤患者术后有严重神经功能缺失,生活不能自理;1例基底动脉主干动脉瘤术后穿通动脉闭塞引起中脑缺血,术后20 d死亡.结论 选择适合的颅底手术入路有利于术中获得充分的手术操作空间.对于单纯手术夹闭困难的动脉瘤,用血管移植搭桥的方法,可以避免因夹闭动脉瘤和临时阻断载瘤动脉出现术后脑缺血.     

手术治疗大脑前动脉远端动脉瘤(附九例报告)

目的 探讨大脑前动脉远端动脉瘤(DACAA)的诊断和显微外科手术治疗.方法 回顾分析2007年10月至2010年3月显微手术治疗DACAA 9例.术前Hunt-Hess分级0级1例,Ⅰ级2例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级1例,Ⅳ级1例.结果 9例DACAA经额纵裂入路成功夹闭动脉瘤11个,动脉瘤直径在3～30 mm之间,其中囊性动脉瘤9个,梭形动脉瘤1个,巨大动脉瘤1个;位于A2段2个,A3段8个,胼周动脉末梢段1个.2例为多发动脉瘤,1例合并动静脉畸形.1例梭形动脉瘤患者术后出现对侧肢体偏瘫,余治疗效果满意,无手术死亡,亦无其他并发症.按照GOS预后评分,8例恢复良好,1例重残.结论 通过术前3D-CTA和DSA等影像学诊断和准确手术定位,经额纵裂入路显微手术夹闭DACAA效果满意.

Abstract：

Objective To report the clinical diagnosis and microsurgical treatment of ruptured distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm(DACAA)patients treated over the last 3 years.Methods 9 consecutive cases of ruptured DACAA operated from October 2007 to March 2010 were reviewed and followed up.Methods 11 aneurysms were clipped through interhemispheric approach microsurgery in 9 cases with ruptured DACAA.The diameter of 11 aneurysms was between 3-30 mm.Of which 9 cases were saccular aneurysms,1 case was fusiform aneurysm and 1 case was giant aneurysm.There were 2 aneurysm located at A2 segment of the ACA,8 located at A3 and 1 located at distal pericallosal artery.So there were 2 cases with multiple aneurysms and 1 case combined with AVM.The clinical outcomes of these patients evaluated by Glasgow Outcome Scale were:Except 1 case of fusiform DACAA presented hemiplegic paralysis after the surgery,all 8 cases discharged without deficit and no mortality in the group.Conclusion Depending on precise understanding of angiography imaging and location of 3D- CTA and DSA,interhemispheric approach is a safe method to clip the DACAA.     

大面积外伤性脑梗死的血管成像特点与手术疗效

目的探讨大面积外伤性脑梗死（traumatic cerebral infarction,TCI）的梗死区CT血管造影（CTA）成像特点及手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析34例大面积TCI病例资料,采用CTA观察梗死区血管情况。并采取扩容、解痉、高压氧等综合治疗措施。结果 TCI闭塞血管主要为大脑中动脉、大脑前动脉或大脑后动脉以及基底动脉的远端小动脉或脑深部穿支血管和皮质小血管,未见大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉和大脑后动脉或基底动脉的主干血管闭塞。手术治疗28例,保守治疗6例。随访4~28个月,按GOS评分标准,恢复良好12例,中残8例,重残4例,植物生存3例,死亡7例。结论大面积TCI闭塞的血管主要为脑深部的穿支血管和皮质小血管,早期采取减压手术等综合治疗可取得较好疗效。     

Saccular Aneurysm of the Azygos Anterior Cerebral Artery: Three Case Reports

The azygos anterior cerebral artery, a rare anomaly in the circle of Willis in which only a single vessel supplies the medial aspects of both anterior cerebral hemispheres, is closely associated with saccular aneurysms. We present three cases of azygos anterior cerebral artery aneurysms among the 781 cerebral aneurysms surgically treated at our institution in an 11-year period. These three cases all involved elderly women who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Conventional cerebral angiography and CT angiography revealed small saccular aneurysms at the distal ends of the azygos anterior cerebral arteries. These aneurysms were clipped successfully using a bifrontal interhemispheric approach. Hence, the pathogenesis of these particular aneurysms relating to hemodynamic change, associated anomalies, and surgical pitfalls is discussed with review of literature.     

Microanatomy of the perforators of the anterior communicating artery complex

We describe the microanatomy of the perforating arteries arising from the anterior communicating artery complex (5 mm distal of the anterior cerebral artery, the anterior communicating artery, and 5 mm proximal of the distal anterior cerebral artery). Thirteen unfixed human brains were used in this study. The origin and number of perforators are described, as is the site of brain penetration, and results are correlated with previous studies. The hemodynamics of blood flow ib relation to the formation of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm and different surgical approaches are mentioned. The neuropsychological outcome after aneurysm clipping with regards to the pattern of blood supply from the anterior cerebral artery complex is also discussed. [Neural Res 1997; 19: 577-587]     

Absent anterior communicating artery and varied distribution of anterior cerebral artery

During the cerebral dissection of a 67-year-old male cadaver, a unique combination of variations at the circle of Willis and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) distribution were encountered. The A1 segment of both ACA were fused without an anterior communicating artery (ACoA), forming an X shape and giving rise to a common pericallosal artery (CPA), an incomplete distal ACA, and an incomplete distal anterior cerebral artery (IACA). The IACA had an unusual course, which may be important from the surgical point of view. The CPA continued as the A2 and A3 segments, and bifurcated into 2 pericallosal arteries. Branching patterns of the varied arteries to the interhemispheric region were evaluated, and results were discussed. Additionally, both posterior communicating arteries were hypoplastic. There was no aneurysm formation at the circle of Willis and its branches.     

Clinical features and surgical outcomes of ruptured distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms in 20 consecutively managed patients

Optimal surgical management of ruptured aneurysms of the distal anterior cerebral artery continues to provide unique technical challenges. This study presents 20 consecutively managed such patients, with special attention given to the clinical and radiological characteristics, as well as the surgical outcomes. Intracerebral hematoma was seen in 11 of the 20 patients, and intraventricular hemorrhage occurred in 4 (20%). Angiography revealed that 9 (45%) patients had multiple aneurysms. Three patients (15%) had “mirror” distal anterior cerebral arterial aneurysms on the contralateral side. Eleven patients (55%) had aneurysms located at the supracallosal portion of the anterior cerebral artery, while 9 patients (45%) had aneurysms located below the genu of the corpus callosum. The mean aneurysmal diameter was 3.85 mm; 18 aneurysms (90%) were less than 6 mm in diameter. Eighteen patients (90%) underwent a microsurgical procedure; 2 (10%) underwent endovascular coiling due to poor clinical grade. A favorable outcome was achieved in 14 (70%) patients. Advances in microsurgical techniques will be required to further improve clinical outcome.     

翼点微骨孔入路治疗颅内前循环动脉瘤

目的探讨应用微骨孔入路治疗颅内前循环动脉瘤的临床效果。方法2000年11月～2001年12月采用翼点微骨孔入路治疗前循环动脉瘤病人83例,共86个动脉瘤。其中颈内动脉眼段动脉瘤3例,颈内动脉C2段动脉瘤40例,颈内动脉分叉部动脉瘤4例,前交通动脉瘤19例,前动脉水平段动脉瘤2例,中动脉水平段5例,中动脉分叉部动脉瘤13例。结果成功治疗前循环动脉瘤病人83例,共夹闭86个动脉瘤。术后出现肢体活动障碍4例,占4.8%;无手术死亡。术后80例复查脑血管造影,显示动脉瘤消失。无与开颅入路相关的并发症。本组均未输异体血液,术中采用自体血回收后输血26例。结论翼点微骨孔入路夹闭颅内前循环动脉瘤,可以降低手术中的医源性损伤并获得满意的手术效果。     

颅内后循环动脉瘤

目的:回顾性分析并探讨颅内后循环动脉瘤的临床表现和手术人路。方法:后循环动脉瘤22例,占同期颅内动脉瘤的10.3％,其中大脑后动脉瘤12例,基底动脉瘤6例,脉络膜后动脉远端动脉瘤2例,小脑前下动脉和小脑后下动脉瘤各1例。蛛网膜下腔出血15例(68.2％),其它表现为脑干和脑神经损害症状。18例经显微手术,主要经翼点人路和颞下经小脑幕人路。2例栓塞治疗,2例因病人拒绝未治。结果:动脉瘤夹闭加切除10例,孤立加切除6例,包裹2例,血管内治疗2例。18例优良,2例轻残,无手术死亡。结论:后循环动脉瘤大多瘤体较大,瘤内多含血栓。翼点人路对基底动脉远端、大脑后动脉P_(1 2)段动脉瘤显露优良,颞下入路用于夹闭大脑后动脉P_(2～3)段动脉瘤,显露优良。     

Contralateral Transradial Access for Coil Embolization of Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm Associated With a Steep Ipsilateral A1-A2 Angle

ObjectiveEndovascular treatment of distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms is commonly addressed via the ipsilateral A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery. However, when the parent pericallosal artery has a sharp ipsilateral A1-A2 angle, catheterization through the ipsilateral A1 segment can potentially result in vessel injury, catheter kinking, and/or compromised/stagnant anterior cerebral artery flow. Here, we present a case of a distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm associated with a steep ipsilateral A1-A2 angle treated with contralateral transradial coil embolization.Case presentationA 91-year-old woman presented with a ruptured left distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm at the A3 segment. The parent pericallosal artery had a steep ipsilateral A1-A2 angle. To safely achieve coil embolization of the aneurysm, a contralateral transradial system via the right A1 segment was employed. Although a secondary ipsilateral transradial system was required for contrast injection, aneurysm obliteration was successfully achieved without vessel injury or system instability.ConclusionThe A1-A2 angle can be a key anatomical factor in the endovascular treatment of distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms. The contralateral transradial system is a useful treatment option for distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms associated with sharp ipsilateral A1-A2 angles. However, if the distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm cannot be clearly visualized through the contralateral system, an ipsilateral system will be required for contrast injection.     

An anatomical analysis of the mini-modified orbitozygomatic and supra-orbital approaches

Seven sides of cadaver heads were used to compare the surgical exposures provided by the mini-modified orbitozygomatic (MOz) and supra-orbital (SO) approaches. The Optotrak 3020 computerized tracking system (Northern Digital, Waterloo, ON, Canada) was utilized to evaluate the area of anatomical exposure defined by six points: (1) ipsilateral sphenoid ridge; (2) most distal point of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA); (3) most distal point of the ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery (PCA); (4) most distal point of the contralateral PCA; (5) most distal point of the contralateral MCA; and (6) contralateral sphenoid ridge. Additionally, angles of approach for the ipsilateral MCA bifurcation, ipsilateral ICA bifurcation, basilar artery tip, contralateral MCA and ICA bifurcation and anterior communicating artery (AcomA) were evaluated, first for SO and then for MOz. An image guidance system was used to evaluate the limits of surgical exposure. No differences in the area of surgical exposure were noted (p > 0.05). Vertical angles were significantly wider for the ipsilateral and contralateral ICA bifurcation, AcomA, contralateral MCA and basilar tip (p < 0.05) for MOz. No differences in horizontal angles were observed between the approaches for the six targets (p > 0.05). There were no differences in the limits of exposure. MOz affords no additional surgical working space. However, our results demonstrate systematically that vertical exposure is improved. The MOz should be performed while planning an approach to these regions and a wider exposure in the vertical axis is needed.