Longitudinal physical activity and sedentary behavior trends: adolescence to adulthood

BACKGROUND: There is little national research on longitudinal patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior in ethnically diverse teens as they transition to adulthood. METHODS: Longitudinal questionnaire data from U.S. adolescents enrolled in Wave I (1994-1995) and Wave III (2001) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n =13,030) were analyzed in January 2004. Incidence, reversal, and maintenance of achieving five or more weekly bouts of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and < or =14 hours of weekly TV and video viewing, computer/video game use (screen time) were assessed. Multinomial logistic regression models examined the likelihood of achieving five or more weekly sessions of MVPA week and < or =14 hours screen time per week as an adolescent and/or young adult, controlling for household income, parental education, age of adolescent, and seasonality. RESULTS: Of those achieving five or more weekly sessions of MVPA and < or =14 hours of weekly screen time as adolescents, few continued to achieve these favorable amounts of activity (4.4%) and screen time (37.0%) as adults. More failed to maintain these favorable amounts of activity (31.1%) and screen time (17.3%) into adulthood. Black versus white females were more likely to maintain less [corrected] favorable amounts of activity from adolescence to adulthood (odds ratio [OR]=3.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.49-6.42), while black males (OR=1.50; CI=1.05-2.14) and females (OR=2.00; CI=1.40-2.87) were more likely than whites to maintain less (versus more) favorable screen time hours. CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of adolescents do not achieve five or more bouts of moderate physical activity per week, and continue to fail to achieve this amount of activity into adulthood.     

Comparing physical activity and sedentary behavior levels between deaf and hearing adolescents

BackgroundDeaf adolescents may engage in less physical activity (PA) and longer sedentary time than their hearing peers. Yet, literature comparing PA levels and sedentary time between deaf and hearing control groups, as well as studies examining predictors of PA among deaf adolescents, are lacking.ObjectiveThis cross-sectional survey aimed to compare PA levels and sedentary time between the two groups and examine predictors (i.e., gender and social inclusion) of PA participation among deaf adolescents.MethodsParticipants were 98 deaf and 99 hearing adolescents, who completed the survey measuring the variables of interest.ResultsDeaf adolescents had a higher level of sedentary behavior as well as lower levels of light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA, and total metabolic equivalent task (MET) than the hearing group. Only a small proportion of participants (deaf: 4%; hearing: 24%) met the World Health Organization's PA recommendation. Gender was found to negatively predict total MET among deaf, while social inclusion was a positive predictor.ConclusionsDeaf adolescents may have restricted PA participation. Measures should be used to promote social inclusion for increasing PA levels of this population.     

The effects of shift work on free-living physical activity and sedentary behavior

ObjectiveAlthough occupation may influence physical activity and shift work schedule may influence cardiovascular disease risk factors, our understanding of the effects of shift work schedule on overall physical activity behavior and sedentary behavior is limited.MethodsData from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Shift work schedule was defined as regular daytime shift, evening, night, rotating or another schedule. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed via accelerometry. 1536 adult participants (≥ 20 years) indicated they currently work and provided data on all study variables.ResultsAfter adjustments, and compared to adults working a regular daytime shift, those working an evening (RR = 0.41, p = 0.001) and night (RR = 0.30, p = 0.001) shift, respectively, engaged in 59% and 70% less sustained (bouts) moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, but no differences occurred for overall moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. After adjustments, and compared to those working a regular daytime shift, those working a rotating shift engaged in more light-intensity physical activity (overall: β = 26.3 min/day; p = 0.03; bouts: β = 37.5, p = 0.01) and less sedentary behavior (β = − 28.5 min/day, p = 0.01).ConclusionsShift work schedule differentially influences physical activity and sedentary behavior. Physical activity and sedentary intervention strategies may need to be tailored based on shift work schedule.     

小学生身体活动久坐行为与身体姿态健康的关系

  目的  探究小学生身体活动(physical activity, PA)、久坐行为(sedentary behavior, SB)与身体姿态健康的关系,为该群体异常身体姿态预防、矫正提供参考。  方法  2020年9—12月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,抽取北京市朝阳区4所学校206名小学生为研究对象,采用Body-Style身体姿态测试仪、ActiGraph GT3X+三轴加速度计客观测量身体姿态、PA,采用儿童休闲活动调查问卷调查SB。  结果  小学生异常身体姿态检出率为76.70%;PA与高低肩、X/O型腿、骨盆前倾、脊柱侧弯、综合测评具有正向线性相关(β值分别为0.17,0.21,0.19,0.24,0.19,P值均 < 0.05);SB与高低肩、X/O型腿、骨盆前倾、脊柱侧弯、综合测评具有负向线性相关(β值分别为-0.24,-0.22,-0.36,-0.24,-0.27,P值均 < 0.05)。对PA、SB联合分析,在高PA、低SB(OR=2.12,95%CI=1.46~3.37,P < 0.05)和低PA、高SB两个极端组合时,身体姿态测评合格率获得优势分别为最高和最低;高PA、高SB(OR=1.85, 95%CI=1.38~2.86)与低SB、低PA (OR=1.71, 95%CI=1.41~2.74)比较,身体姿态测评合格率获得优势更高。  结论  对于小学生身体姿态健康,PA是独立促进因素,SB是独立危险因素,二者联合具有抵消或协同的交互效应。     

Predicting long-term maintenance of physical activity in older adults

BACKGROUND: Considerable research has established that self-efficacy is a consistent correlate of physical activity. Additional factors, such as exercise-induced affect, social support, and value judgments, have also been identified as having the potential to influence adherence to activity. This study examined the utility of such variables in predicting the long-term exercise behavior of older adults. METHOD: In the context of a 6-month randomized controlled trial with an 18-month follow-up, we tested the extent to which adherence during the trial, affective responses to exercise, exercise value, and social support from the exercise group had either a direct or indirect effect through the mediation of exercise self-efficacy on physical activity levels at 6- and 18-month follow-up in a sample (N=174) of older adults (M age, 66 years). Structural equation modeling tested several models of exercise prediction. RESULTS: The best fitting model indicated significant paths from social support, affect, and exercise frequency to efficacy at the end of the program. Efficacy, in turn, was related to physical activity at 6- and 18-month follow-up. The model accounted for 40% of the variance in 18-month activity levels. CONCLUSION: This prospective study provides support for the inclusion of social cognitive variables in models of exercise adherence and highlights the pivotal role of self-efficacy in long-term exercise behavior. Subsequent trials are called for to replicate and extend these findings.     

Association between compliance with physical activity guidelines,sedentary behavior and depressive symptoms

Physical inactivity, i.e. not engaging in adequate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), has been identified as a risk factor for depression. Increased sedentary time has further been identified as a potential risk factor for depression. We analyzed NHANES 2005–2006 data to examine the associations between compliance with physical activity guidelines (PAG) and sedentary time with depression. We utilized accelerometer data to assess compliance with PAG and sedentary time, and we used the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess presence of depression. Participants were classified as compliant with PAG or non-compliant based on MVPA accumulated in bouts of 10 min or more. We further divided these two groups into quartiles of sedentary time. We conducted logistic regression analyses to test for the interaction effect of PAG compliance and sedentary behavior on depression. Analyses were conducted in 2014–2015 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Mean depression score among compliant participants was 1.65 (SD = 2.61), whereas it was higher among the non-compliant participants (mean = 2.52, SD = 3.51). Logistic regression indicated a statistically significant interaction effect between MVPA and sedentary time on depression scores. There was no apparent trend in depression scores across quartiles of sedentary time in the compliant group. However, adjusted odds ratios for depression increased with increasing sedentary time among the non-compliant group. We provide evidence that compliance with PAG is associated with reduced depressive symptoms regardless of sedentary behavior; however, increased sedentary behavior may increase the risk of depression among those who are not physically active at a level which meets national guidelines.     

乌海市成人静坐和身体活动与代谢综合征的关系

目的 探讨乌海市成人的静坐时间、身体活动水平与代谢综合征的关系。方法 通过横断面研究,分析6 521名18～79周岁成人的静坐、身体活动及代谢综合征情况。使用国际身体活动长卷（ International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ）测量静坐和身体活动情况,根据《中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2013年版)》定义代谢综合征。结果 代谢综合征的检出率为24.8%,组分1项异常、2项异常的检出率为26.45%、21.07%。50岁及以下女性,代谢综合征检出率,静坐时间＜4 h/d组低于≥4 h/d组(OR = 0.64, 95% CI:0.48 ～ 0.84);组分1项异常检出率,身体活动高、中等水平组均低于低水平组(OR高 = 0.75, 95% CI:0.58 ～ 0.95; OR中 = 0.71, 95% CI:0.56 ～ 0.89);组分2项异常检出率,身体活动高水平组低于低水平组（OR = 0.69, 95% CI:0.51 ～ 0.94）。50岁以上女性,代谢综合征、组分1项、2项异常的检出率,静坐时间＜4 h/ d组均低于≥4 h/ d组(ORMS = 0.56, 95% CI:0.37 ～ 0.84;OR1 = 0.63, 95% CI:0.42 ～ 0.96; OR2 = 0.66, 95% CI:0.44 ～ 1.00)。结论 乌海市成人的静坐时间和代谢综合征风险增高有关,而身体活动水平和代谢综合征的风险降低有关。     

Obesity, physical activity and sedentary behavior amongst British and Saudi youth: a cross-cultural study

This study explores differences in weight status, obesity and patterns of physical activity (PA) in relation to gender and age of youth from two culturally, environmentally and geographically diverse countries, the United Kingdom (UK) and Saudi Arabia (SA). A total of 2,290 males and females (15-17 years) volunteered to participate in this study. Participants completed a validated self-report questionnaire that contained 47 items relating to patterns of PA, sedentary activity and eating habits. The questionnaire allows the calculation of total energy expenditure in metabolic equivalent (MET-min) values per week. Significant differences in percentage of overweight/obese and levels of PA were evident between the youth from the two countries, with males being generally more physically active than females. Additionally, there were significant associations between Body Mass Index (BMI), PA and sedentary behaviors; the youth with higher BMI reported lower levels of PA and higher amounts of sedentary time. These findings highlight the diverse nature of lifestyle of youth living in different geographical areas of the world and the need for further research to explore the socio-cultural factors that impact on the prevalence of obesity and patterns of PA of youth in different populations.     

学龄前儿童体力活动、久坐行为与睡眠问题的相关性

目的 探究学龄前儿童体力活动(Physical activity,PA)、久坐行为(Sedentary behavior, SB)与睡眠问题的相关性,为预防、改善该群体睡眠问题提供参考。方法 2020年9—12月,采用整群随机抽样法,抽取北京市6所幼儿园406名学龄前儿童作为研究对象,采用Acti Graph GT3X+三轴加速度计客观测量PA,采用《儿童休闲活动调查问卷》调查SB,采用CSHQ睡眠习惯量表测评睡眠问题,运用线性分析、logistic 回归模型处理数据。结果 学龄前儿童睡眠问题检出率71.08%;PA与睡眠抗阻、睡眠时长不规律、睡眠夜醒、异态睡眠、CSHQ综合评分具有显著负向线性相关(β=-0.141、-0.452、-0.324、-0.201、-0.150 ,P<0.05);SB与睡眠抗阻、入睡潜伏期延长、睡眠夜醒、CSHQ综合测评具有显著正向线性相关(β=0.196、0.223、0.210、0.910,P<0.05)。对PA、SB联合分析,在PA(或SB)等级固定时,CSHQ测评合格率会因另一方等级的提高而降低（或升高）,在高PA+低SB(OR=2.119,95%CI:1.464~3.368,P<0.05)和低PA+高SB（1reference）两个极端组合时,CSHQ测评合格率获得优势分别为最高和最低;高PA+高SB(OR=1.750,95%CI:1.320~2.664)比低SB+低PA (OR=1.640,95%CI:1.412~2.743)CSHQ测评合格率获得优势更高。结论 体力活动与学龄前儿童睡眠问题具有显著的负相关,久坐行为与学龄前儿童睡眠问题具有显著正相关,二者联合则具有抵消或协同的交互效应。     

Prevalence and correlates of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior among US pregnant women

ObjectivePhysical activity is recommended for pregnant women without medical or obstetric complications. This study described the prevalence and correlates of objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior among United States pregnant women.MethodsUsing cross-sectional data collected from the 2003 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 359 pregnant women ≥16 years wore an accelerometer for 1 week.ResultsWomen participated in a mean of 12.0 minutes/day (standard error (SE) 0.86) of moderate activity and 0.3 minutes/day (SE 0.08) of vigorous activity. Mean moderate to vigorous physical activity varied by trimester: 11.5 minutes/day in first trimester, 14.3 minutes/day in second trimester, and 7.6 minutes/day in third trimester. On average, women spent 57.1% of their monitored time in sedentary behaviors. In multivariable adjusted models, moderate to vigorous physical activity was higher in the first (p = 0.02) and second (p < 0.001) trimesters compared to the third trimester, and among women with higher household income (p = 0.03) compared to lower household income. In multivariable adjusted models, average counts/minute was higher in the second compared to the third trimester (p = 0.04).ConclusionMost pregnant women spent more than half of the monitored day in sedentary behaviors and did not meet recommendations for physical activity.     

静态职业人群身体活动现状调查

目的了解不同社会经济状况的静态职业人群的身体活动特点。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,在北京市顺义区、海淀区和浙江省嘉兴市、桐乡市选取35—60岁以坐位读写为主要职业劳动形式的职业人群,进行有关社会经济状况和身体活动特点的问卷调查。结果共调查1031人。步行、骑车、中等强度业余锻炼、高强度业余锻炼等身体活动的总参与率为57．8％,并随文化程度和家庭人均收入的增长而增加（x2=25．699,P〈0．01;x2=8．768,P〈0．05）。48．0％的调查对象每周中、高强度身体活动合计量达到或超过了450～750（MET—min／w）的建议水平。不同年龄、不同文化程度者的身体活动达标情况的差异有统计学意义（x2=17．647,P〈0．01;x2=29．967,P〈0．01）,不同家庭人均收入水平者的身体活动达标情况的差异无统计学意义（x2=12．784,P〉0．05）。结论中等强度及以上身体活动的总参与率受文化程度和家庭人均收入的影响,身体活动达标情况与年龄、文化程度有关。     

Development of new physical activity and sedentary behavior change self-efficacy questionnaires using item response modeling

Background  

Theoretically, increased levels of physical activity self-efficacy (PASE) should lead to increased physical activity, but few studies have reported this effect among youth. This failure may be at least partially attributable to measurement limitations. In this study, Item Response Modeling (IRM) was used to develop new physical activity and sedentary behavior change self-efficacy scales. The validity of the new scales was compared with accelerometer assessments of physical activity and sedentary behavior.     

Levels and patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults with and without visual impairment

BackgroundLimited data are available on objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among adults with and without visual impairment (VI).ObjectiveTo compare PA and SB levels and patterns in adults with and without VI and to examine how these differ based on sex and day of the week.MethodsThirty-two participants with VI and 32 participants without VI participated in this cross-sectional study. PA and SB were assessed using GT3X ActiGraph accelerometers during waking hours for 7 days, and variables were examined in terms of disability group, sex, and day of the week. Nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used, and significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsPA did not differ in terms of sex or day of the week in participants with VI. The PA of participants without VI was significantly higher for men than it was for women and was significantly higher during weekdays than on weekend days. Total sedentary time and the duration of SB breaks were significantly longer for female participants with VI than for those without VI. The number of sedentary bouts lasting ≥10 min during weekend days was significantly higher for participants with VI than for those without VI.ConclusionsMost adults with and without VI did not meet the recommended levels of daily PA and spend a large portion of the day being sedentary. Interventions to enhance PA and reduce sedentary time in adults with and without VI are required.     

Social support, physical activity and sedentary behavior among 6th-grade girls: a cross-sectional study

Background  

Despite the importance of social support in promoting physical activity, little is known about the relative influence of the type or source of social support on adolescent girls' physical activity and sedentary behaviors. This study examined the associations of two types of social support (social participation in and social encouragement for physical activity) and two social support sources (family and friends) with self-reported daily minutes of physical activity and sedentary behavior among sixth-grade girls in Texas.     

Social desirability is associated with some physical activity, psychosocial variables and sedentary behavior but not self-reported physical activity among adolescent males

This study examined whether controlling for social desirability improved the association between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity among adolescent males and the extent that psychosocial variables predict physical activity after controlling for social desirability. Participants (n=447) were 10- to 14-year old Houston Boy Scouts. Participants completed self-reports of physical activity, sedentary behavior, preferences, self-efficacy and social desirability and wore an MTI accelerometer for 3 days. Correlations were conducted among variables. Regression models were performed to examine the relationships between objectively measured (accelerometer) and self-reported physical activity, objectively measured physical activity and psychosocial variables and self-reports of physical activity and psychosocial variables. All models controlled for social desirability. There were weak associations between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity measures that were slightly improved after controlling for social desirability. Psychosocial variables were strongly associated with self-reports of physical activity, but weakly associated with accelerometer physical activity. Social desirability was positively associated with physical activity preferences (r=0.169) and self-efficacy (r=0.118) and negatively associated (r=-0.158) with self-reported sedentary behavior. Differences in the strength of relationships between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity and psychosocial variables were not a function of social desirability.