改良腭咽成形术合并多部位射频消融术手术疗效

目的 探讨改良腭咽成形术合并多部位低温等离子射频消融术治疗中、重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)手术疗效.方法 采用改良腭咽成形术合并多部位低温等离子射频消融术治疗中重度多平面阻塞OSAHS患者83例,全部随访2年以上,术后6、12、24个月复查多导睡眠图,判定疗效.结果 随访2年后,83例患者中,治愈24例(28.9%),显效28例(33.7%),有效17例(20.5%),无效14例(16.9%),总有效率83.1%;患者手术前后睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopnea index,AHI)变化有极显著统计学差异(P＜0.01);重度OSAHS患者手术前后最低血氧饱和度(SaO2)有显著变化(P＜0.05);全部病例均未出现严重并发症.结论 改良腭咽成形术合并多部位低温等离子射频消融术是治疗中重度OSAHS安全、有效的方法.     

Modified tongue base suspension for multilevel or single level obstructions in sleep apnea: clinical and radiologic results

Objectives

To investigate the radiologic and polysomnographic success in opening the airway using a tongue base suspension procedure alone or in combination with uvulopalatal flap in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients.

Methods

This study was conducted in 20 patients with moderate or severe OSAS in a prospective manner. The tongue base suspension technique alone or with a uvulopalatal flap (UPF) technique was applied. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of patients obtained during the preoperative period and at the 5th week of the postoperative period were compared. Changes in pain and swallowing difficulties were assessed. Polysomnography (PSG) was applied at the 12th postoperative month, and body mass index (BMI) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) values were determined. The degree of satisfaction relative to the surgery was assessed with 4 questions.

Results

Preoperative apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) level was found to be 24.55 ± 9.87, whereas postoperative AHI level was 12.40 ± 9.87 (P < 0.01). The success rate was determined to be 60%. Preoperative ESS values were 13.90 ± 2.67 and were reduced to 6.55 ± 3.13 postoperatively (P < 0.01), and the preoperative posterior airway space (PAS) level was 10.08 ± 1.23, which was increased to 11.64 ± 1.46 postoperatively (P < 0.01). Visual analog scale (VAS) values for swallowing difficulty were 8.62 at day 1 and decreased to 3.98 at day 7. The VAS values for pain were 9.14 at day 1, but were reduced to 4.18 at day 7.

Conclusions

Patients with OSAS who have hypertrophy of the tongue base may safely receive a tongue base suspension procedure, which is a minimally invasive method. The postoperative hospital stay is short and the success rate is high, as shown with both PSG and MRI.     

轻中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征疗效比较

目的比较悬雍垂腭咽成形术（uvulopalatopharyngoplasty,UPPP）和等离子低温射频消融（radiofrequency ablation,RFA）治疗轻中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS）的疗效.方法选择79例轻中度OSAHS患者（阻塞平面位于腭和扁桃体水平）,随机分成两组分别接受UPPP和RFA治疗,比较术前和术后呼吸暂停低通气指数（apnea hypopnea index,AHI）、最低血氧饱和度（lowest saturation of blood oxygen,LSaO2）、鼾声评级及Epworth嗜睡程度评分,比较术后3天时和7天时疼痛、讲话及吞咽的影响评分,并比较两组患者之间的差异.结果UPPP组和RFA组有效率分别为74.3%和72.2%,疗效相近.两组患者术前和术后6个月多导睡眠描记（polysomnography,PSG）监测比较显示：治疗后LSaO2显著提高（P＜0.05）,AHI的减低非常显著（P＜0.01）,两组患者之间比较无明显差异;两组患者治疗8周后鼾声评级较治疗前降低非常显著（P＜0.01）,Epworth嗜睡程度评分亦较治疗前降低非常显著（P＜0.01）,两组患者之间比较无明显差异;术后3天时比较,RFA组比UPPP组疼痛和吞咽明显轻微（P＜0.05）,两组患者讲话无明显差异;术后7天时比较,RFA组比UPPP组疼痛明显轻微（P＜0.05）,两组患者讲话和吞咽无明显差异.结论RFA治疗轻中度OSAHS安全、创伤小、恢复快,疗效与UPPP相近.     

Single-session radiofrequency tongue base reduction combined with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of single-session radiofrequency tongue base reduction (RTBR) combined with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Sixty-six patients with multilevel obstruction underwent single-session RTBR combined with UPPP. Snoring, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and polysomnography were used to assess outcome before and 6 months after treatment. Sixty-six patients completed this study. Snoring level significantly decreased from 8.0 to 4.3. The mean ESS score significantly decreased from 11.4 to 7.5. The mean apnea–hypopnea index decreased significantly from 22.9 to 13.9. The overall success rate of the single-session RTBR combined with UPPP was 53.6%. Postoperative AHI in 50% of patients was normalized (AHI < 5). The success rates for patients with mild, moderate and severe OSAS were 62.5, 46.2 and 57.1%, respectively. There were two adverse effects, one ulceration of the tongue base and one transient taste change. Single-session RTBR combined with UPPP is an effective and safe treatment for OSAS patients with multilevel obstruction. It could be considered as first treatment for OSAS patients with multilevel obstruction, independent of the severity of OSAS.     

改良腭咽成形术

目的改良腭咽成形术结合射频技术形成针对不同病态上气道形态的个性化术式。方法34例患者经多导睡眠监测(polysomnography,PSG)确诊为中或重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructivesleepapneahypopneasyndrome,OSAHS);根据气道形态将传统腭咽成形术(uvulopalatopharyngoplasty,UPPP)改良为侧重扩大横径和扩大矢径两种术式,并选择性地进行局部射频消融。全部患者以治疗前后的PSG、咽腔测量数据及主观感觉等指标作对照。结果随访30例患者,术后6个月复查睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(apneahypopneaindex,AHI)值由54.7±18.2降至26.4±8.6(P﹤0.01),总有效率86.7%。结论改良腭咽成形术结合射频技术以气道形态改变为基础选择手术适应证,可明显提高疗效。     

悬雍垂腭咽成形术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征60例报告

为探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的治疗方法，对６０例本病患者行悬雍垂腭咽成形术，其疗效分布是：显效５０％，进步３３．３％，无效１６．７％，总有效率为８３．３％。需要注意的关键是：①严格选择病例；②局麻下手术；③术中心电，血氧及血压监测；④重度ＯＳＡＳ患者术前行气管切开术；⑤术前吸氧，应用抗炎，止血药物，避免术后并发症发生。     

局麻射频消融腭咽成形术与射频消融缩容术疗效比较

目的对局麻射频消融腭咽成形术与射频消融缩容术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructivesleepapneahypopneasyndrome,OSAHS)的效果进行比较,为OSAHS的治疗提供客观依据。方法选用局麻射频消融腭咽成形术与射频消融缩容术分别对69例和79例OSAHS患者进行治疗,术后随访6个月和12个月,比较两种手术方法的疗效及并发症情况。结果术后6个月有效率分别为85.5%和81.0%,差异无显著性。术后12个月局麻射频消融腭咽成形术疗效优于射频消融缩容术,有效率分别为78.3%和49.3%,差异有显著性。两种手术方法均无严重并发症。结论局麻射频消融腭咽成形术较射频消融缩容术远期效果好,无严重手术并发症。在病例选择合适时用局麻方法可达到全麻手术效果。     

改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术和鼻部手术治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的对合并鼻部和口咽部阻塞的重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（ob-structive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS）患者进行鼻部手术和改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术（uvulo-palatopharyngoplasty,H-UPPP）,探讨二者手术及不同顺序对疗效的影响。方法 OSAHS诊断和评估手术疗效采用多道睡眠呼吸监测（polysomnography,PSG）、嗜睡量表（Epworth sleep score,ESS）评分、体重指数（kg/m2,body mass index,BMI）和主观症状。患者按照单、双日的半随机方法分为A、B两组,A组61例先行鼻部手术,B组57例先行H-UPPP。A组术后3～5个月复查评估,B组术后6～8个月复查评估。A、B两组中无效者分别再行H-UPPP或鼻部手术。两组患者均在第二次手术后随访1年以上。结果 A组单纯鼻部手术后有效率为0,均再行H-UPPP,1年后复查评估有效率78.7%（48/61）。B组单纯H-UPPP有效率47.4%（27/57）,1年后随访复发4例;其余30例再行鼻部手术,1年后复查评估有效率70%（21/30）。A组总有效率78.7%（48/61）,B组总有效率77.2%（44/57）,两组总有效率无统计学意义（χ2=0.697,P〉0.05）。A、B两组联合手术者与单纯行鼻部手术或H-UPPP术的有效率有统计学意义（χ2=81.89,P〈0.05;χ2=4.070,P〈0.05）。A、B两组联合手术者有效率差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.208,P〉0.05）。A组单纯鼻部手术有效率与B组单纯H-UPPP有效率有统计学意义（χ2=37.468,P〈0.05）。结论治疗合并鼻部和口咽部阻塞的重度OSAHS患者,原则上可先行H-UPPP;无效或效果差者再行鼻部相关手术,从本组病例观察H-UPPP联合鼻部相关手术可提高有效率。     

改良UPPP治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的观察改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS）的疗效。方法回顾性分析2004-2008年本科收治的48例OSAHS患者临床资料及其临床疗效。所有患者均在经鼻腔插管全身麻醉下行改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术,术后随访1-2年。结果本组病例中,治愈13例（27．08％）,显效22例（45．83％）,有效9例（18．75％）,无效4例（8．33％）,总有效率91．7％。结论全麻下改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术治疗阻塞部位位于口咽部的OSAHS患者安全可靠,疗效肯定。     

Staging of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome: a guide to appropriate treatment

OBJECTIVE: Early studies by Friedman et al. have demonstrated the value of staging obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients for the prediction of success for uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) on the basis of short-term follow up. The goal of this study is to test the value of this staging system in a prospective study. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective study of two cohorts of patients: one was treated with the benefit of a clinical staging system and the other without. METHODS: Patients with symptoms of OSAHS were assessed by polysomnography and were staged according to a previously described staging system. The staging system is based on palate position, tonsil size, and body mass index (BMI). The control group was treated without the benefit of staging. All patients in the control group were treated with UPPP only. Patients in the experimental group were treated based on their clinical stage. Patients with stage I disease, regardless of the severity of disease, were treated with UPPP only. Selected patients with stage II and stage III disease were treated with UPPP in addition to a staged tongue-base reduction using a radiofrequency technique (TBRF). RESULTS: Follow-up at 6 months showed significant improvement compared with a group of patients treated without the benefit of a staging system. Successful treatment of patients with stage II disease improved from 37.9% to 74.0%. The overall success rate improved from 40% to 59.1%. CONCLUSION: Clearly, patients with stage I disease had the best success rate, but a selective protocol based on clinical staging improves the overall success rate. In addition, it can eliminate as surgical candidates those patients with whom the procedure is likely to fail.     

Transoral robotic surgery of the tongue base for obstructive sleep apnea: Preliminary results

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a major public health issue. Robotic tongue-base reduction surgery is being developed, but needs assessment. The present study reports clinical and polygraphic results at 6 months’ follow-up.MethodSingle-center prospective study of 8 patients undergoing transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for severe OSAS.ResultsMean age was 47 years. M/F sex ratio was 5:3. Initial body-mass index ranged from 18 to 35 kg/m². Mean Epworth score was 12. Mean preoperative apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 47 (range, 36–60). At 6 months, only 1 patient did not meet usual success criteria (AHI < 20 with > 50% decrease); 2 patients had residual AHI between 10 and 20; the other 5 had non-significant event rates.ConclusionTORS tongue-base reduction showed promising results, which need confirmation on long-term multicenter studies.     

悬雍垂腭咽成形术治疗中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的疗效观察

目的；探讨中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）的手术疗效。方法：采用改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术（UPPP），即扩大软腭切除范围，解剖腭帆间隙，保留悬雍垂及咽腔的基本结构治疗64例此种患者。结果：术后随访，6个月时复查多导睡眠监测仪，显效21例（32.8%)。有效24例（37.5%)。总有效率为70.3%。无效19例(29.7%)。结论：改良UPPP是治疗中度OSAS的有效方法。     

重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的围手术期处理

目的探讨重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructivesleepapneahypopneasyndrome,OSAHS)的围手术期处理。方法回顾分析了40例重度OSAHS患者的手术及并发症。结果治愈10例,显效15例,有效9例,无效6例,总有效率85%。出现呼吸道并发症2例。结论围手术期呼吸道并发症较为凶险,应加强围手术期呼吸道的管理。     

Z形腭成形术治疗重度OSAHS的疗效观察

目的:探讨Z形腭成形术(ZPP)在治疗重度OSAHS患者的应用及疗效影响因素。方法:32例重度OSAHS的患者,扁桃体均0～Ⅰ度。其中,FriedmanⅡ型、改良Mallampati指数(MMI)舌肥厚Ⅰ～Ⅱ度患者9例单纯行ZPP,FriedmanⅢ型、MMI舌肥厚为Ⅲ～Ⅳ度患者23例行ZPP加舌根等离子打孔消融术。32例患者术后随访1年,观察指标包括:BMI、Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)评分、AHI、LSaO2及血氧饱和度低于0.90的时间占总睡眠时间百分比(CT90)。结果:手术后AHI从(54.74±20.38)下降到(22.72±18.36),平均LSaO2从(74±12)%上升至(85±14)%,ESS评分从(12.24±5.78)下降到(5.35±3.62),CT90从(31.48±20.15)下降到(15.73±12.29),各相关测量值的变化均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。疗效评定结果:治愈5例,显效18例,有效4例,无效5例,总有效率为84.4%;按AHI<20且下降>50%计,显效率71.9%。术后暂时性腭咽关闭不全6例,均在术后3个月内恢复正常。结论:ZPP是治疗FriedmanⅡ、Ⅲ型重度OSAHS患者的一种有效、安全的治疗方法。     

UPPP combined with radiofrequency thermotherapy of the tongue base for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

We investigated the outcome of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) combined with radiofrequency thermotherapy of the tongue base (RFTB) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with both palatal and retroglossal obstruction, and we compared these results with the results of single level surgery (UPPP). A retrospective cohort study was performed in patients with mild to severe OSAS who underwent UPPP with or without RFTB. Seventy-five patients with both palatal and retroglossal obstruction underwent UPPP, 38 patients without RFTB (group 1) and 37 patients with RFTB (group 2). The outcome of the surgery was measured by both objective success (defined as a reduction of AHI >50% and AHI below 20) and subjective improvement. In group 1 the overall success rate was 42%, and in group 2 49%. Other polysomnographic values (AI, DI, mean SaO2) improved after surgery (not significant). No serious adverse events occurred. Surgical treatment of combined palatal and retroglossal obstruction remains a challenge. Adding RFTB to UPPP results in a mild improvement compared to UPPP alone. Although the addition of RFTB to UPPP seems to result in only a limited improvement, there is no major downside to it. RFTB is well tolerated and safe.     

多平面手术联合治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的临床观察

目的探讨多平面联合手术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）的疗效。方法总结了54例患者接受内镜手术、舌骨肌切开悬吊术及舌根减容术等多平面联合术式治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征并观察患者手术前后的体重指数（BMI）、呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、Ep-worth嗜睡量表评分（ESS）、最低血氧饱和度（LSaO2）、血氧饱和度低于90%的时间占总睡眠时间的百分比（CT90）、悬雍垂长度（UL）、后气道间隙（PAS）等多个生理指标的改变。结果 54例患者均顺利完成手术,除BMI外其他各测量值手术前后比较差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。1例患者术后15 h拔气管麻醉插管时突发窒息立即行紧急气管切开后痊愈;6例患者术后颏下区伤口出现脂肪液化,经对症支持治疗后痊愈;2例患者出现短暂的鼻腔食物反流,1周内消失。所有患者按杭州会议OSAHS疗效评定标准,其中治愈4例,显效28例,有效15例,无效7例,总有效率为87.04%。结论多平面联合术式治疗OSAHS有较好的疗效。     

Effects of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on collapsibility of the retropalatal airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty improves sleep-disordered breathing, particularly in patients with sleep-disordered breathing with abnormally high collapsible airway exclusively at the retropalatal airway, as was previously reported. The present study examined the direct and long-term effects of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on retropalatal airway collapsibility. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study of 18 patients with abnormally high collapsible airway exclusively at the retropalatal airway. METHODS: Closing pressure of the retropalatal airway was estimated by endoscopically obtaining static pressure/area relationship of the passive pharynx in completely paralyzed and anesthetized patients with sleep-disordered breathing (n = 18) before and 3 months after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. The measurements were repeated 1 year after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in eight of these patients. RESULTS: Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty decreased retropalatal airway closing pressure by 3.5 cm H2O; furthermore, a direct correlation between the severity of sleep-disordered breathing (as determined by nocturnal oximetry) and retropalatal airway closing pressure was revealed. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty failures revealed retropalatal airway closing pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. Reduced retropalatal airway collapsibility was maintained up to 1 year after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Two patients developed marked stenosis of the retropalatal airway with aggravation of sleep-disordered breathing after initial improvement of sleep-disordered breathing and retropalatal airway collapsibility. CONCLUSIONS: Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty decreases the retropalatal airway collapsibility. The effect is maintained for at least 1 year after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, whereas a few patients develop retropalatal airway stenosis leading to recurrence of sleep-disordered breathing.