3项联合检测在原发性高血压诊断中的临床价值

目的研究原发性高血压(EH)患者血浆中的D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)和超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)浓度水平变化以及3项指标在EH诊断中的临床价值。方法检测108例各级EH患者和44例健康人的血浆D-D、Fib和hs-CRP水平,血浆D-D测定采用酶联免疫吸附试验,Fib测定采用磁珠法,hs-CRP测定采用免疫透射比浊法。结果血浆D-D水平在1级EH时无明显升高,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在2级EH和3级EH显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Fib水平在1级EH时无明显升高,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),2级和3级时显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);hs-CRP水平在各级EH患者间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。另外各级EH患者的3项指标有良好的相关性(r分别为0.784、0.631、0.721)。结论对EH患者的D-D、Fib和hs-CRP的进行联合检测,能较好地反映EH患者的病情发展程度,为其早期诊断和治疗提供可靠依据。     

原发性高血压患者Fib、D-D和hs-CRP相关性研究

目的 探讨各级原发性高血压(primary hypertension,PH)患者血浆中纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,Fib)、D-二聚体(D-dimer,D-D)和超敏C-反应蛋白(high-sensitiviy C reactive protein,hs-CRP)水平变化及这三项指标之间的相关性.方法 分别测定100例各级PH患者血浆中的Fib、D-D和hs-CRP含量,以36例健康人作对照.血浆Fib、D-D测定采用比浊法,hs-CRP测定采用乳胶增强免疫透射法.结果 血浆Fib水平在Ⅰ级PH时升高不明显(P>0.05);Ⅱ级PH和Ⅲ级PH时显著升高(P<0.01),Ⅱ级PH时Fib的水平与Ⅰ级PH时比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);D-D水平在Ⅰ级PH时与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余各组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);hs-CRP水平在各级PH患者间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).各级PH患者血浆中三项指标之间有良好的相关性(r=0.648,r=0.831和r=0.734,P<0.01).结论 各级PH患者血浆中hs-CRP水平变化比Fib和D-D明显.血浆中的Fib、D-D和hs-CRP联合检测,能较好地反映PH患者的病情发展程度,为其早期诊断和治疗提供依据.     

卵巢癌患者凝血功能指标检测结果分析

目的探讨凝血功能指标检测对卵巢癌的诊断价值。方法采用全自动血凝分析仪STAG02检测52例卵巢良性肿瘤患者和52例卵巢癌患者凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)水平。结果卵巢癌患者Fib水平明显高于卵巢良性肿瘤患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);卵巢癌患者PT、APTT、TT与卵巢良性肿瘤患者比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Ⅲ~Ⅳ期卵巢癌患者Fib水平高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Ⅲ~Ⅳ期卵巢癌患者的TT明显短于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同病理分期患者APTT、PT比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论凝血功能测定对卵巢良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断有一定价值,其中Fib水平升高对卵巢癌有一定的预测作用,TT较短可能是晚期卵巢癌的指征。     

退行性心瓣膜病患者心功能分级与脂联素、脑钠肽、超敏C反应蛋白的关系

目的探讨退行性心瓣膜病(DHVD)患者不同心功能分级时,脂联素(APN)、脑钠肽(BNP)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平变化及其临床意义。方法按NYHA心功能分级将132例DHVD患者分为4组:心功能Ⅰ级组(A组)、心功能Ⅱ级组(B组)、心功能Ⅲ级组(C组)、心功能Ⅳ级组(D组)。检测所有患者血清APN、BNP、hs-CRP水平及左心室射血分数(LVEF),比较各组之间的差异。结果 DHVD患者血清APN、BNP、hs-CRP水平随着心功能恶化而逐渐升高,每组间差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。APN、BNP、hs-CRP水平与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.36,P<0.01;r=-0.42,P<0.01;r=-0.39,P<0.01)。结论 APN、BNP、hs-CRP有助于DHVD患者心功能危险分层评价。     

血浆纤溶标志物在原发性膜性肾病疾病进展中的变化

目的分析原发性膜性肾病(IMN)患者不同慢性肾脏病(CKD)分期血浆纤溶标志物水平的差异。方法选取200例IMN患者(IMN组,其中CKD1期103例、CKD2期53例、CKD3期30例、CKD4~5期14例)和97名体检健康者(健康对照组),检测血浆纤溶酶-α2抗纤溶酶复合物(PIC)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1复合物(tPAIC)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、纤维蛋白降解产物(FDP)、D-二聚体(DD)水平。结果IMN组Fib、FDP、DD与PIC水平显著高于健康对照组(P<0.01),tPAIC水平显著低于健康对照组(P<0.01)。IMN组不同CKD分期之间Fib和tPAIC水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),随CKD分期的进展,Fib水平逐渐升高,tPAIC水平逐渐下降。Fib和tPAIC水平CKD1期与CKD3期、CKD4~5期之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),FDP、DD和PIC水平各CKD分期之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论IMN患者存在纤溶系统功能低下的情况,易发生血栓栓塞。Fib和tPAIC与疾病分期有关,可作为IMN疾病进展及血栓栓塞预防的监测指标。     

孕32～33周孕妇凝血及纤溶指标的检测对晚发性子痫前期的预测价值

目的探讨孕32～33周孕妇凝血及纤溶相关指标的检测对晚发性子痫前期的预测价值。方法以2 562例无其他合并症的单胎初产妇为研究对象,在孕32～33周时抽取外周血,测定血小板(PLT)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血浆纤维蛋白原(Fib)及D-二聚体(DD)浓度,定期随访至分娩,其中154例孕妇发展为子痫前期。结果子痫前期组PLT计数、Fib含量均高于正常孕妇组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000、0.020);Hb、DD浓度差异无统计学意义。血浆中Fib的浓度升高对晚发性子痫前期的预测价值差异有统计学意义[比值比(OR)=1.47,95%可信区间(CI)1.23～1.76,P<0.05],血液中PLT计数升高对子痫前期的预测价值差异有统计学意义(OR=1.30,95%CI 1.13～1.41,P<0.05)。孕晚期DD的测定对子痫前期的预测价值差异无统计学意义(OR=1.07,95%CI 0.90～1.28,P>0.05)。结论孕晚期测定PLT计数及Fib浓度对晚发性子痫前期的预测价值需要进一步探讨。     

卵巢癌与凝血功能变化的相关性分析

目的探讨卵巢癌患者凝血功能异常及其临床意义。方法采用全自动血凝分析仪ACL-TOP测定43例卵巢良性肿瘤患者和114例卵巢癌患者凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib);采用Beckman Coulter机计数血小板(PLT)。结果卵巢癌患者Fib及PLT水平均明显高于卵巢良性肿瘤患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);APTT、PT、TT水平与卵巢良性肿瘤患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。卵巢癌Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患者Fib及PLT水平均高于卵巢癌Ⅰ～Ⅱ期患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);APTT、PT、TT水平与卵巢癌Ⅰ～Ⅱ期患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论凝血功能的测定对卵巢良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别及监测血栓的形成有一定意义。     

血浆ATⅡ、IGF-Ⅰ和hs-CRP水平评价原发性高血压严重程度的临床意义

目的 为了探讨血浆ATⅡ、IGF-Ⅰ和hs-CRP水平评价原发性高血压严重程度的临床意义.方法 218例原发性高血压（EH）血浆中ATⅡ、IGF-Ⅰ和hs-CRP水平分别由RIA、酶联免疫分析和生化法进行了测定,并与70名正常对照组进行了比较性分析.结果 218例EH患者的血浆ATⅡ、IGF-Ⅰ和hs-CRP水平较之正常对照组明显增高（P均＜0.01）,30例血压控制达标的EH患者较之正常对照组无明显差异（P均＞0.05）,68例EH1级、62例EH2级和58例EH3级患者随着EH的收缩压和舒张压的增高,血浆ATⅡ、IGF-Ⅰ和hs-CRP的水平不断增高（P＜0.05～0.01）,从而表明：血浆ATⅡ、IGF-Ⅰ和hs-CRP 水平与EH患者的严重程度密切相关.结论 血浆ATⅡ、IGF-Ⅰ和hs-CRP水平是判断EH患者严重程度的有效指标,并具有随访、观察预后的临床价值.     

慢性阻塞性肺病患者血浆D-二聚体和超敏C-反应蛋白检测的临床意义

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者血清D-二聚体(DD)水平和超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的变化及其临床意义。方法采用免疫比浊法对256例COPD患者和261例对照组进行了血清DD和hs-CRP检测,并与其白细胞(WBC)检查结果作比较。结果 COPD患者血浆DD和hs-CRP水平明显高于对照组水平,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 COPD患者血浆hs-CRP水平的变化比WBC更敏感,这有助于了解COPD患者的情况和疗效的监测,而低水平的DD可以排除肺栓塞。     

慢性心力衰竭患者NT-ProBNP与hs-CRP检测的临床意义

目的观察心力衰竭患者B型脑利钠肽前体(NT-ProBNP)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与心功能的相关性。方法测定70例慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者(观察组)和68例健康体检者(对照组)血浆NT-ProBNP和血清hs-CRP水平。心脏彩色多普勒超声测定左室射血分数(LVEF)。比较两组NT-ProBNP、hs-CRP浓度变化与临床NYHA心功能分级、左室射血分数的情况。结果观察组hs-CRP水平和NT-ProBNP水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且随着心功能分级的升高而升高,呈正相关(r=0.836,P<0.05)。随着LVEF值下降而升高,呈明显负相关(r=-0.724,P<0.05)。结论 NT-ProBNP、hs-CRP与CHF患者心功能状态有显著的相关性,可以作为诊断和病情检测、指导用药的客观指标。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.