磁共振信号强度区分肺癌组织类型的可行性研究

目的：探讨以ＭＲＩ信号强度区分肺癌不同组织类型的可能性。材料与方法：应用ＳＥ多回波技术观察肿块的信号结构及变化模式。结果：鳞癌在多回波序列上信号强度大多先升高后逐渐降低，而腺癌及其他类型在Ｔ２ＷＩ多回波序列上大多保持高信号状态；Ｔ２ＷＩ上５５．８８％的腺癌存在点簇状高信号区，而鳞癌只有６．９８％，两者差别显著。结论：根据肿块的信号结构及信号变化模式可以大致区分肺癌的不同组织类型，尤其是鳞癌与腺癌之间。     

肝结核瘤的MRI征象

目的 分析肝结核瘤的MRI表现，探讨MRI在鉴别诊断中的价值。资料与方法 10例肝结核瘤患者行MR自旋回波序列T1WI、T2WI和快速多层面干扰梯度回波序列动态增强扫描。结果 10例共12个病灶，MRI表现：（1）自旋回波序列：T1WT上所有病灶为低信号，T2WI上10个病灶为不均匀低信号（8个病灶为中心低信号而边缘为环形或片状的高信号，2个为低信号中见到点状高信号），另2个病灶为高信号。（2）增强扫描：动脉期10个病灶无强化,2个病灶边缘有轻度强化。门脉期和延迟期所有病灶均有不同方式的强化，主要为边缘强化和分隔强化。结论 MRI可反映肝结核瘤的病理改变过程，在诊断和鉴别诊断中有重要价值。     

肺癌的MRI与病理类型的相关研究

目的 探讨肺癌病理类型的MRI信号特点。资料与方法 搜集MRI检查并经手术或病理证实的肺癌患者79例，评估T1WI、T2WI信号均匀性、强度、T2WI的信号形态，与部分病例的病理改变对照，所得数据进行统计学处理。结果 不同病理类型肺癌在MRI表现上各有特点，尤以T2WI的信号形态改变较为明显：鳞癌中部多为低信号、周边较高信号和高低相间紊乱的线条状信号；腺癌为多发的团状高信号，形态多为结节状，边缘征象出现率较高；小细胞癌以杂乱的高信号为主；肺泡癌特征性表现为多发性分布均匀的小点状高信号，这些改变都是以它们各自的组织病理学结构为基础的。结论 肺癌的MRI表现与其各自的病理类型有一定相关性。     

肺鳞、腺癌磁共振成像的初步研究

目的探讨肺鳞、腺癌的MRI信号及形态学表现。材料和方法经病理证实的肺鳞、腺癌16例，MRI可见肿块14例，其中鳞癌8例，腺癌6例，比较二者之间的MRI信号及形态学改变。结果肺鳞癌MRIT2WI多为坏死为主的不均匀稍高信号(4／8)，肺腺癌MRIT2WI多为纤维分隔为主的不均匀稍高信号(4／6)，二者之间信号改变有统计学差异。T1WI二者之间无差异。肺鳞癌肿块>5cm，分叶征及阻塞性改变比肺腺癌发生率高。结论肺鳞、腺癌的MRI信号及形态学改变有一定鉴别价值。     

MR T2加权成像显示胆囊壁增厚点状高信号的意义

目的研究病理组织学证实的胆囊腺肌瘤病、慢性胆囊炎和管壁增厚型胆囊腺癌在MRL加权成像（T2WI）显示病变胆囊壁点状高信号的特征。方法38例患者（胆囊腺肌瘤病16例，慢性胆囊炎13例，管壁增厚型胆囊腺癌9例），每例均进行了MR常规T1WI、常规T2WI和3mm薄层T2WI及MR胰胆管成像（MRCP）。所有患者均接受了胆囊切除手术。2名高年资放射科医生共同分析不同序列MRI，观察胆囊壁增厚及T2WI显示病变胆囊壁点状高信号的不同表现，将观察结果与病理组织学检查所见对照。结果所有患者的胆囊壁均明显增厚，厚度范围5～15mm，平均9mm。T2WI显示病变胆囊壁存在各种各样的点状高信号，在胆囊腺肌瘤病，点状高信号分布于整个增厚的胆囊壁，且数量较多（5～15个／cm^2），较大（直径2～7mm），边界清楚，呈现中等至明显高信号；在慢性胆囊炎，点状高信号主要位于增厚胆囊壁的黏膜侧，数量较少（3～5个／cm^2），较小（直径2～4mm），边界清楚，呈中等至明显高信号；在管壁增厚型胆囊腺癌，点状高信号边界欠清，呈现稍高信号，其数量和大小差异较大，分布范围取决于癌组织浸润胆囊壁的深度。结论胆囊腺肌瘤病、慢性胆囊炎和管壁增厚型胆囊腺癌在T2WI呈现的点状高信号有一定差别，正确识别这些点状高信号的特征有助于鉴别诊断良恶性胆囊壁增厚。     

子宫腺肌症的MRI表现及其病理学对照研究

目的：研究MRI在子宫腺肌症诊断中的应用价值。方法：对30例子宫腺肌症患者行矢状面快速自旋回波（Turbo SE)T1WI,T2TI,T1和T2频谱预饱和翻转恢复序列（T1SPIR和T2SPIR）扫描，必要时辅以横断面或冠状面扫描。所有病例均经手术病理证实。结果：弥漫型子宫腺肌症12例，在T2WI上表现为子宫结合带弥漫性增厚，厚度10－35mm，平均18mm，6例病变呈均匀低信号；6例病变内有散在的点高信号区，其中5例在T1WI仍表现为高信号。局限型子宫腺肌症（腺肌瘤）18例共23个病灶，在T2WI上表现为肌层内卵圆形，不规则形或类圆形肿块，呈与结合带信号相近的低信号，直径2．0－7.5cm，平均3.9cm，除1个病灶与周围肌组织有较清楚的界限外，其余病灶均与周围肌组织分界不清，15个病灶内有散在点状高信号区，其中12个在T1WI上也呈高信号，MRI上弥漫增厚的结合带和局限性低信号肿块，病理学上为异位内膜岛周围增生肥大的平滑肌，其内散在的点状信号区异异位内膜岛。仅在T2WI表现高信号的为示出血的内膜岛，在T1WI和T2WI均为高信号的为出血的内膜岛。结论：MRI是诊断子宫腺肌症的优越的无创性检查方法，T2WI最佳扫描序列，T2WI与T1WI，T1SPIR，T2SPIR4种序列相结合可大大提高断诊准确率。     

脂肪肝：MRI影像表现及MRI序列选择

目的：选择评估脂肪肝的MRI序列和认识脂肪肝的MRI影像表现以帮助鉴别诊断,方法：18例脂肪肝病人进行了肝脏平扫和增强MRI,采用屏气同,反相位T1加权梯度回波序列,2D FLASH加脂肪抑制T1WI以及HASTE T2WI。结论：18例肝脂肪变中伴有7例肝癌,2例血管瘤,1例囊肿,5例肝硬化;弥漫型脂肪浸润6例,局灶型脂肪浸润12例,脂肪肝影像表现,T1WI同相位表现为稍高或等信号,反相位或加压脂T1WI呈低信号;T2WI呈稍高或等信号,部分脂肪肝伴脂内肿块在反相位或加压脂TWI上可见低信号肿块周边全周或部分环状高信号带,在增强MRI上无明显强化,有时见少量小血管进入其内,结论：同与反相位MRI能较好鉴别诊断脂肪肝,两者互补,缺一不可,可避免脂肪肝的误诊或汤诊。建议对疑有脂肪肝患者行同,反相位T1加权MRI扫描。     

MRI多序列扫描技术在乳腺良恶性肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的 探讨磁共振多种检查序列和动态增强技术在乳腺检查中的应用价值.方法 对62例乳腺肿块病灶分别行常规横断位平扫:SE T1WI序列、脂肪抑制FSE T2WI序列、脂肪抑制T1WI SPGR(扰相梯度回波)序列;注射 Gd-DTPA后使用SPGR序列动态增强扫描.比较分析增强前后病灶的形态学特征,强化速率和强化峰值出现时间,时间-信号强度曲线(STC)的类型.结果 良性病变38例,恶性肿瘤24例.良性病变信号均匀35例, T1WI多为等低信号,T2WI为稍高信号或高亮信号.动态增强后绘制病灶感兴趣区的时间-信号强度曲线以无强化型28例、缓慢上升型9例.恶性病变信号不均23例,T1WI多呈低信号,T2WI为高和低信号混杂存在,动态增强后病灶时间-信号强度曲线快进快出型22例、快进平台型1例、快进慢升型1例.结论 MRI多序列及动态增强扫描技术对鉴别乳腺良恶性病变有重要价值.     

3.0 T MRI不同脉冲序列对胰腺疾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨MRI检查不同脉冲序列对胰腺病变的诊断价值。方法 对87例临床怀疑胰腺病变的病人应用3.0 T MR设备进行检查,扫描序列包括双回波T1WI（同相位与反相位成像）、脂肪抑制T1WI（T1WI+FS）、脂肪抑制T2WI (T2WI+FS)、磁共振胆胰管水成像（MRCP）、快速多层面扰相梯度回波(FSPGR)动态增强扫描。由2名放射科医师分析不同脉冲序列的MRI所见。结果 正常胰腺15例,急性胰腺炎27例,慢性胰腺炎30例,胰腺癌15例。T1WI+FS显示胰腺形态与信号最佳,正常胰腺呈稍高信号。在双回波T1WI上,胰腺与周围组织对比度降低。胰腺病变在T1WI上表现为低信号50例,T2WI+FS显示胰周渗出性病变34例。MRCP显示胰管扩张35例,胆管扩张20例,双管征9例。快速扰相梯度回波（FSPGR）动态增强显示胰腺癌13例,肿块在动脉期表现为相对低信号,延迟期轻度强化,周围血管受侵2例。结论 合理应用MR扫描序列有助于提高胰腺病变的诊断效能。     

ZooMit-DWI对肺癌的病理分型诊断价值：与常规DWI的对照研究

【摘要】目的：探讨ZooMit-DWI在肺癌成像中的可行性及在肺癌不同病理类型及分化程度鉴别中的价值。方法：连续性收集76例肺癌患者的临床、影像及病理资料,所有患者均进行常规DWI（C-DWI）和 ZooMit-DWI（Z-DWI）,并分别测量其ADC值。比较两种成像序列的图像质量,评估不同观察者测量ADC值的一致性。分析两种DWI序列在不同肺癌病理类型及肺癌高中分化、低分化两组中的ADC值差异,并采用受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线评价其诊断效能。结果：最终入组63例患者,其中肺小细胞癌9例,鳞癌20例,腺癌34例。Z-DWI主观图像质量评分及图像信噪比、对比度、对比噪声比均较C-DWI图像高（P<0.05）。不同观察者测量C-DWI与Z-DWI图像ADC值的ICC分别为0.746（95%CI：0.61～0.84）、0.886（95%CI：0.82～0.93）。肺小细胞癌、鳞癌、腺癌的Z-ADC平均值两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。常规ADC平均值在小细胞癌组与鳞癌组（P<0.05）、腺癌组（P<0.05）间的差异有统计学意义,而在鳞癌组和腺癌组间的差异没有统计学意义（P>0.05）。Z-ADC值及C-ADC值在肿瘤中高分化组、低分化组差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,ROC曲线显示Z-ADC值及C-ADC值诊断中高分化、低分化肺癌的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.897、0.776。结论：ZooMit-DWI序列在肺部肿瘤成像的图像质量及ADC值测量的可重复性均优于常规DWI序列,ZooMit-DWI序列有助于肺癌不同病理类型及组织分化程度的鉴别诊断。     

Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI findings of early hepatocellular carcinoma as defined by new histologic criteria

Purpose:

To describe the imaging features of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI (Gd‐EOB‐MRI) in comparison with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) examinations.

Materials and Methods:

We analyzed imaging findings of 19 pathologically proven early HCC lesions in 15 patients who underwent both MDCT and Gd‐EOB‐MRI at 3.0 Tesla (T) units before surgery. MRI included in‐phase and out‐of‐phase T1‐weighted dual‐echo gradient‐recalled‐echo sequences, dynamic T1‐weighted images before and after bolus injection of gadoxetic acid disodium, fat‐saturated T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo sequences, and T1‐weighted hepatobiliary phase images 20 min after contrast injection. Two radiologists retrospectively evaluated the signal intensities and enhancement features on MRI and MDCT.

Results:

None of the lesions displayed arterial enhancement and washout on MDCT. On Gd‐EOB‐MRI, six (32%) lesions showed T2‐hyperintensity, five (26%) lesions showed signal drop on opposed‐phase. Three lesions (16%) showed arterial enhancement and washout. Twelve (63%), 13 (68%), and 15 (79%) lesions were hypointense on hepatic venous, equilibrium, and hepatobiliary phase, respectively.

Conclusion:

Most early HCCs did not show arterial enhancement and washout pattern on both MDCT and Gd‐EOB‐MRI. Gd‐EOB‐MRI may provide several ancillary findings for diagnosis of early HCC such as decreased hepatobiliary uptake, T2 hyperintensity and signal drop in opposed phase. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;393‐398. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Bilateral Wallerian degeneration of the medial cerebellar peduncles after ponto-mesencephalic infarction

Three patients with acute large paramedian ponto-mesencephalic infarctions developed a bilateral retrograde degeneration of the medial cerebellar peduncles within 4 months after the insult. In an initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within the first 2 weeks, the medial cerebellar peduncles showed normal intensities, but a control MRI after 4 months showed bright hyperintensities in the T2-TSE weighted images, and moderately increased signal intensities in echo planar imaging-diffusion weighted imaging were seen, possibly representing bilateral Wallerian degeneration of the cerebellar-pontine fibers.     

MR-imaging with Gd-DTPA in carcinomas of tongue, oro- and hypopharynx

High-field MRI was performed in a series of 24 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, oro- and hypopharynx. The value of contrast enhanced T1-weighted images in tumor staging was established prospectively. Non-contrast T1-weighted images did not provide sufficient tumor-delineation. Marked contrast enhancement produced by Gd-DTPA was observed in all carcinomas and in normal pharyngeal mucosa. In tumors of the tongue and upper pharynx clinical examination and ultrasound were equally sensitive as post-contrast MRI; in tumors of the lower pharynx the true tumor extension could be better assessed by contrast-enhanced MRI.     

快速序列动态增强MRI对前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的 研究快速成像序列动态增强对前列腺癌的检出和定性价值。方法 对经活检证实的２５例,临床证实的６例,共３１例前列腺癌患者作了前瞻性增强ＭＲＩ研究。先行ＳＥＴ１ＷＩ、快速自旋回波（ＦＳＥ）Ｔ２Ｗ序列扫描,然后行快速多怪面干扰梯度回波（ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ）序列团注增强扫描,共４个回合,研究病灶增强情况,并对增强后图像与常规ＦＳＥＴ２ＷＩ进行比较。结果 ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ增强后扫描,共发现病灶２９个,可疑病灶     

MR findings of nine cases of palatal tumor.

PURPOSE: To assess the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of pathologically confirmed palatal tumors. METHODS: Nine cases of palatal tumor were studied. Clinical data, MRI findings, and pathological diagnoses were evaluated. RESULTS: Five cases were tumors of the hard palate and four of the soft palate. Signal intensity on T1-weighted images varied, and hyperintensity was observed on T2-weighted images. Adenoid cystic carcinoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma showed homogenous signal intensity. Other tumors showed heterogeneous signal intensities. On dynamic contrast analysis, malignant pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and peripheral T cell lymphoma showed early enhancement. On post-contrast T1-weighted images, hard palate pleomorphic adenoma, malignant pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and peripheral T cell lymphoma showed strong enhancement. Although the borders of the tumors were classified as clear in 6 cases treated surgically, macroscopic and microscopic borders of the tumors were unclear. Adenoid cystic carcinoma and hard palate diffuse large B cell lymphoma invaded the maxillary bone. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance findings of palatal tumor varied in different histologies. Even with a small palpable portion, malignant tumors could directly infiltrate surrounding structures, which demonstrated well on MRI.     

Ampullary carcinoma: Demonstration by current MR techniques

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the appearance of ampullary carcinoma using current MR techniques, including fat suppression, gadolinium enhancement, and MR cholangiography. Nine patients with ampullary carcinoma were examined by MRI at 1.5 T. MR examinations included T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo, T1-weighted fat-suppressed, and immediate postgadolinium spoiled gradient echo images for all patients and MR cholangiography for three patients. The imaging features of ampullary carcinomas, including tumor size and morphology, signal intensity, and enhancement characteristics, were determined. Ampullary carcinomas shown on MR images ranged in size from 1.5 to 5.5 cm. Tumors were low in signal intensity on precontrast T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo and T1-weighted fat-suppressed images relative to normal pancreatic tissue and enhanced less than normal pancreas on immediate postgadolinium spoiled gradient echo images. Tumor conspicuity was greatest on immediate postgadolinium spoiled gradient echo images. MR cholangiography demonstrated high grade obstruction of the common bile duct and mild dilatation of the pancreatic duct at the level of the ampulla with abrupt termination of the ducts in two untreated patients and moderate dilatation of the common bile duct in one patient who had a biliary stent. Ampullary carcinomas can be demonstrated on MR images as small masses arising at the ampulla. Tumors are well defined on immediate postgadolinium spoiled gradient echo images.     

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung: radiologic features of an uncommon primary pulmonary neoplasm

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to review the chest radiographic, CT, and MRI appearances of primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC). CONCLUSION: Primary pulmonary LELC is histopathologically identical to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The radiographic, CT, and MRI features of primary pulmonary LELC are nonspecific, often resembling those of bronchogenic carcinoma. Primary pulmonary LELC usually presents as a poorly circumscribed, enhancing, peripheral solitary pulmonary nodule on CT; necrosis may be present and is considered a poor prognostic sign. MRI shows isointense to low-intensity signal on T1-weighted images and mildly increased signal on T2-weighted images; enhancement of abnormal tissue is typical. Most patients present with early-stage disease. Primary pulmonary LELC should be suspected in selected patients and requires differentiation from bronchogenic carcinoma and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.     

颅脑MRI快速液体衰减反转回复技术探讨

目的：探讨快速液体衰减反转回复（ＦＬＡＩＲ）技术原理及其在颅脑的临床应用。材料与方法：对４０例健康志愿者及１２４例颅脑疾患患者前瞻性地进行快速ＦＬＡＩＲ及Ｔ２加权序列ＭＲ检查，并比较了快速ＦＬＡＩＲ上不同ＴＲ、ＴＩ（间隔时间）、ＴＥ组合所得图像质量。结果：ＴＲ／ＴＩ／ＴＥ为８０００／２０００／２００毫秒的组合能较好地抑制脑脊液信号。ＦＬＡＩＲ与快速自旋回波Ｔ２加权序列比较，能增加病灶的对比度，从而     

Differentiation of proximal bronchogenic carcinoma from postobstructive lobar collapse by magnetic resonance imaging. Comparison with computed tomography

MRI and CT studies in 18 patients with proximal bronchogenic carcinoma and postobstructive lobar collapse were analyzed retrospectively. The relative abilities of these imaging techniques to identify central tumor by a contour abnormality and to distinguish tumor mass from collapsed lung by CT attenuation values and MRI signal intensities were compared. MRI and CT were equivalent in their ability to identify a contour abnormality, both succeeding in 13 of 18 (72%) patients. CT was more successful than MRI in differentiating tumor mass from collapsed lung. Dynamic computed tomography scanning differentiated tumor from collapsed lung in eight of ten (80%) patients. MRI demonstrated different signal intensities of tumor and collapsed lung in 8 of 18 (44%) patients. T2-weighted images more often separated tumor from collapsed lung than other imaging sequences.