X线和PET/CT在早期食管癌诊断中的应用

目的:探讨早期食管癌的细微X线征像。方法:回顾性分析16例经手术病理证实的早期食管癌X线表现和其中6例PET/CT征像。结果:16例患者中食管鳞状上皮重度不典型增生1例,鳞癌14例,原位癌1例。食管钡餐造影表现有:①结节样充盈缺损;②扁平样充盈缺损;③粟粒样充盈缺损;④粘膜线增粗。PET/CT检查显示6例患者病灶均显示FDG代谢增高。结论:早期食管癌的钡餐造影检查表现多样,PET/CT对病灶的检出敏感性高,多种检查方法相结合可以提高诊断准确性,同时更准确的进行术前评估。     

^18F-FDG PET/CT和PET/MR在恶性肿瘤中的应用价值相仿:2300余例患者的临床研究总结

^18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG) PET/CT已成为恶性肿瘤影像学评估的参考标准.PET/MR的优势在于通过多参数影像进一步提高对恶性肿瘤诊断的准确性和肿瘤特征的识别;也有学者探讨了^18F-FDG PET结合MRI提供的精细解剖信息是否提升了肿瘤分期和再分期的准确性.该文首先介绍了PET/MR的结构、成像参数和机器操作方面的内容,后综述现有文献,分析了PET/MR对于恶性肿瘤的评估是否具有增益价值.现有数据分析结果显示,PET/MR适用于大多数类型的恶性肿瘤,其效能与PET/CT相当.PET/MR的优势应用领域主要体现在对前列腺癌和骨转移肿瘤的诊断,非优势应用领域是肺内病变的评估.因此,当MRI仅用于提供病灶解剖结构时,PET/MR和PET/CT对于恶性肿瘤的诊断价值相当.如果检查费用经济可行、且检查流程规范,PET/MR可以代替PET/CT.MRI多参数成像的潜在价值需要更多的临床研究和探索.     

原发性骨肌肿瘤的PET/CT应用进展

PET/CT的融合成像对众多实性肿瘤的分期及治疗有重要价值。然而,该技术对骨肌恶性肿瘤的评估尚未实现常规临床应用。采用MR和CT的体层成像技术进行评估     

比较MR扩散加权成像和葡萄糖PET/CT预测乳腺癌病人新辅助化疗的病理完全缓解

目的比较MR扩散加权成像(DWI)和18F-FDG PET/CT预测接受新辅助化疗的乳腺癌病人病理完全缓解。方法伴34个侵袭性乳腺癌肿块的34例妇女在化疗前后和手术前进行DWI和PET/CT。计算表观扩散系数(ADC)和标     

肝动脉栓塞后血流动力学改变的CT灌注成像特点分析

原发性肝癌属于一种恶性肿瘤,在我国较为常见.在原发性肝癌的治疗中,肝动脉化疗栓塞术是临床通常采用的治疗方法.肝动脉栓塞术后肝功能损伤、术后并发症的发生受到肝脏血流动力学变化的直接而深刻的影响[1].本研究观察了肝动脉栓塞术后肝脏血流动力学改变的CT灌注成像特点. 1 对象与方法 1.1 一般资料:采用动物实验中心提供的...     

应用整合素α_vβ_3-靶向放射性示踪剂行小动物SPECT/CT研究大鼠模型肝纤维化的进展和恢复

正摘要目的为了评价整合素α_vβ_3-靶向放射性示踪剂的潜在实用性,利用~(99)Tc~m-PEG4-E[PEG4-环(精氨酸—甘氨酸—天冬氨酸-(右旋)苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸)]2(~(99)Tc~m-3PRGD2),单光子发射体层摄影(SPECT)/CT监测大鼠模型肝纤维化的进展和预后。材料与方法所有动物实验相关操作方法均得     

肝门区孤立性占位18F-FDG PET/CT鉴别诊断1例

患者女,31岁,体检发现腹腔肿物1个月余。外院增强MRI提示肝门部类圆形长T₁、长T₂信号占位,弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging, DWI)呈稍高信号,边界清晰,增强扫描病灶呈延迟强化。为明确病变性质行¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像,结果示肝门区略低密度的类圆形孤立性占位,边缘光滑,代谢活性明显增高(图1)。     

非小细胞肺癌术前淋巴结分期采用联合MRI和PET/CT解释标准的建议

摘要目的联合利用MRI及PET/CT为非小细胞肺癌术前淋巴结分期确定阳性的恶性淋巴结判读标准。方法49例经活检证实的非小细胞肺癌病人,同时接受PET/CT及胸部MRI(DWI)检查。在MRI联合PET/CT解释时应用纳入法(任一项判断为阳性即为阳性)及排除法(两者均为阳性者)评估每个淋巴结部位是否存在转移。淋巴结分期由病理证实。以结节分区及病人为分析单位评价MRI联合PET/CT诊断的准确性,并与单独利用PET/CT诊断的准确性比较。     

非小细胞肺癌复发的融合图像:CT和PET/CT表现,关于复发标准的可能的陷阱与风险

目的回顾影像学对于曾经治疗过的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)病人复发的诊断作用,并讨论影像学陷阱。方法全面回顾已出版的关于NSCLC复发的CT和PET影像的文献。讨论影像学诊断价值并评价预后价值。典型病例配以插图。结果高达30%的NSCLC复发表现为局部复发,包括已治疗的患侧胸腔以及同侧的淋巴结。同时,70%病例复发表     

18F-FDG和11C-choline PET/CT诊断前列腺良恶性病变的影响因素研究

目的:探讨18F-FDG(18F-脱氧葡萄糖)和11 C-choline(11 C-胆碱)PET/CT显像诊断前列腺良恶性病变的影响因素,以提高PET/CT对前列腺病变的诊断价值。方法:选择可疑前列腺病变患者55例为研究对象,年龄57～82岁,28例为前列腺癌,转移程度不一;其余为前列腺良性病变。所有患者均行全身18 F-FDG和11 C-choline PET/CT检查,分析18 F-FDG和11 C-choline标准摄取值(SUV)与前列病变患者的年龄及病理类型的相互关系和意义。结果:55例前列腺病变患者,18F-FDG和11 C-choline标准摄取值与患者的年龄无统计学差异(P>0.05),18 F-FDG标准摄取值与患者的病理类型亦无统计学差异(P>0.05),而11 C-choline标准摄取值与患者的病理类型有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:前列腺病变患者的病理类型是影响11 C-choline标准摄取值的重要因素,11 C-choline PET/CT鉴别诊断前列腺良恶性病变具有重要的价值和意义。     

Integrated PET/CT in the preoperative staging of lung cancer: A prospective comparison of CT,PET and integrated PET/CT

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of integrated PET/CT in the staging of lung cancer compared with CT alone or PET alone.

Materials and methods

Thirty-three patients underwent integrated PET/CT for the staging of lung cancer. The tumor, node and metastasis (TNM) stages were assessed with CT, PET and integrated PET–CT and compared with the surgical and pathological staging.

Results

CT correctly evaluated the (T) status in (64%) of the patients, PET in (59%) and PET/CT in (86%). CT correctly evaluated the (N) status in (73%) of the patients, PET in (76%), and PET/CT (88%) with accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 73%, 78%, 71%, 50% and 94% for CT, 76%, 67%, 79%, 55% and 95% for PET and 88%, 89%, 88%, 73% and 100% for PET/CT respectively, and for (M) status were 91%, 86%, 92%, 75% and 96% for CT, 88%, 71%, 92%, 71% and 92% for PET and 97%, 100%, 96%, 88% and 100% for PET/CT respectively. Regarding the overall TNM staging CT correctly staged 24 patients. PET correctly staged 23 cases while PET/CT correctly staged 30 cases. A significant difference in the accuracy of overall tumor staging between PET/CT and CT (P = 0.0412) or PET (P = 0.0233).

Conclusion

The integrated PET/CT is superior to either CT or PET in the staging of lung cancer which has an important impact on selection of the appropriate treatment regimen.     

Protocol for measuring myocardial blood flow by PET/CT in cats

Purpose  The aim of this study was to establish a protocol for measuring myocardial blood flow (MBF) by PET/CT in healthy cats. The rationale was its future use in Maine Coon cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) as a model for human HCM. Methods  MBF was measured in nine anaesthetized healthy cats using a PET/CT scanner and ¹³NH₃ at rest and during adenosine infusion. Each cat was randomly assigned to receive vasodilator stress with two or three adenosine infusions at the following rates (μg/kg per minute): 140 (Ado 1, standard rate for humans), 280 (Ado 2, twice the human standard rate), 560 (Ado 4), 840 (Ado 6) and 1,120 (Ado 8). Results  The median MBF at rest was 1.26 ml/min per g (n = 9; range 0.88–1.72 ml/min per g). There was no significant difference at Ado 1 (n = 3; median 1.35, range 0.93–1.55 ml/min per g; ns) but MBF was significantly greater at Ado 2 (n = 6; 2.16, range 1.35–2.68 ml/min per g; p < 0.05) and Ado 4 (n = 6; 2.11, 1.92–2.45 ml/min per g; p < 0.05). Large ranges of MBF values at Ado 6 (n = 4; 2.53, 2.32–5.63 ml/min per g; ns) and Ado 8 (n = 3; 2.21, 1.92–5.70 ml/min per g; ns) were noted. Observed adverse effects, including hypotension, AV-block and ventricular premature contractions, were all mild, of short duration and immediately reversed after cessation of the adenosine infusion. Conclusion  MBF can be safely measured in cats using PET. An intravenous adenosine infusion at a rate of 280 μg/kg per minute seems most appropriate to induce maximal hyperaemic MBF response in healthy cats. Higher adenosine rates appear less suitable as they are associated with a large heterogeneity in flow increase and rate pressure product, most probably due to the large variability in haemodynamic and heart rate response.     

PET and PET/CT in endocrine tumours

Functional information provided by PET tracers together with the superior image quality and the better data quantification by PET technology had a changing effect on the significance of nuclear medicine in medical issues. Recently introduced hybrid PET/CT systems together with the introduction of novel PET radiopharmaceuticals have contributed to the fact that nuclear medicine has become a growing diagnostic impact on endocrinology. In this review imaging strategies, different radiopharmaceuticals including the basic mechanism of their cell uptake, and the diagnostic value of PET and PET/CT in endocrine tumours except differentiated thyroid carcinomas will be discussed.     

Role of respiratory-gated PET/CT for pancreatic tumors: A preliminary result

Purpose

The aim of this study is to ascertain role of respiratory-gated PET/CT for accurate diagnosis of pancreatic tumors.

Materials and methods

Prior to clinical study, the phantom study was performed to evaluate the impact of respiratory motion on lesion quantification. Twenty-two patients (mean age 65 years) with pancreatic tumors were enrolled. Pathological diagnoses by surgical specimens consisted of pancreatic cancer (n = 15) and benign intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN, n = 7). Whole-body scan of non-respiratory-gated PET/CT was performed at first, and subsequent respiratory-gated PET/CT for one bed position was performed. All PET/CT studies were performed prior to surgery. The SUV max obtained by non-respiratory-gated PET/CT and respiratory-gated PET/CT, and percent difference in SUVmax (%SUVmax) were compared.

Results

The profile curve of 5 respiratory bin image was most similar to that of static image. The third bin of 5 respiratory bin image showed highest FWHM (24.0 mm) and FWTM (32.7 mm). The mean SUVmax of pancreatic cancer was similar to that of benign IPMN on non-respiratory-gated PET/CT (p = 0.05), whereas significant difference was found between two groups on respiratory-gated PET/CT (p = 0.016). The mean %SUV of pancreatic cancer was greater than that of benign IPMN (p < 0.0001). Identification of the primary tumor in pancreatic head (n = 13, 59%) was improved by using respiratory-gated PET/CT because of minimal affection of physiological accumulation in duodenum.

Conclusion

Respiratory-gated PET/CT is a feasible technique for evaluation of pancreatic tumors and allows more accurate identification of pancreatic tumors compared with non-respiratory-gated PET/CT.     

Intermodality comparison between 3D perfusion CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for predicting early tumor response in patients with liver metastasis after chemotherapy: Preliminary results of a prospective study

Objectives

To evaluate the feasibility of 3D perfusion CT for predicting early treatment response in patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer.

Methods

Seventeen patients with colon cancer and liver metastasis were prospectively enroled to undergo perfusion CT and 18F-FDG-PET/CT before and after one-cycle of chemotherapy. Two radiologists and three nuclear medicine physicians measured various perfusion CT and PET/CT parameters, respectively from the largest hepatic metastasis. Baseline values and reduction rates of the parameters were compared between responders and nonresponders. Spearman correlation test was used to correlate perfusion CT and PET/CT parameters, using RECIST criteria as reference standard.

Results

Nine patients responded to treatment, eight patients were nonresponders. Baseline SUV_mean30 on PET/CT, reduction rates of 30% metabolic volume and 30% lesion glycolysis (LG₃₀) on PET/CT and blood flow (BF) and flow extraction product (FEP) on perfusion CT after chemotherapy were significantly different between responders and nonresponders (P = 0.008–0.046). Reduction rates of BF (correlation coefficient = 0.630) and FEP (correlation coefficient = 0.578) significantly correlated with that of LG₃₀ on PET/CT (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

CT perfusion parameters including BF and FEP may be used as early predictors of tumor response in patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer.     

PET/CT在恶性肿瘤诊断与治疗中的应用

1 PET/CT的基本原理和技术特点PET(Positron Emission Tomography)是正电子发射断层显像是一种利用放射性核素示踪技术分析组织生物化学即器官功能、血流和代谢变化情况的影像技术,其利用回旋加速器产生正电子核素11C1、3N1、5O1、8F通过化学合成的显像剂如18F-FDG1、3N-NH3等注入人体进行检测,得到靶器官的断层和三维图像,因其对于功能代谢和受体分布等的显示具有优势,故被称为“分子成像”或“生化显像”〔1〕,在肿瘤、心血管、神经等疾病中具有广泛的应用,不足之处是对病灶的解剖定位差,检查花费时间稍长。CT(Computed Tomogr…     

^18氟-脱氧葡萄糖PET/CT显像在原发性肝细胞癌中的应用研究

目的评价18氟-脱氧葡萄糖(18FDG)PET/CT在原发性肝细胞癌中的应用价值.材料和方法28例患者被分成3组.第一组为未经相关治疗的HCC组,共13例;第二组为肝脏良性病变组,共9例;第三组为HCC治疗后疗效观察组,共6例.18FDG PET/CT影像学表现结合手术病理及临床随访,计算18FDG PET/CT对HCC诊断的敏感性,并分析标准摄取值(SUV)的影响因素.结果第一组患者Ⅰ型表现7例,Ⅱ型表现5例,Ⅲ型表现1例;第二组患者Ⅰ型表现0例,Ⅱ型表现4例,Ⅲ型表现5例;18FDG PET/CT对HCC诊断的灵敏度为53.8%,其SUV值的大小和肿瘤的生物学行为有关.第三组患者Ⅰ型表现5例,Ⅱ型表现0例,Ⅲ型表现1例,其SUV值的大小与肿瘤残留有关.结论18FDG PET/CT显像在HCC生物学特性评估及HCC治疗后疗效监测方面有明显优势.     

Respiratory-gated F-FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis of liver metastasis

Purpose

To ascertain the role of respiratory-gated PET/CT with ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) for accurate diagnosis of liver metastasis.

Materials and methods

Forty patients with suspected liver metastasis underwent conventional whole-body PET/CT scan initially, followed by respiratory-gated PET/CT scan covering the liver. Visual detectability (using a 5-point confidence scale), maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) of hepatic metastatic lesions were assessed for three data sets including ordinary whole-body (WB) scan, and non-respiratory-gated (nRG) and respiratory-gated (RG) scans. Results of enhanced CT and/or MRI, or clinical and radiological follow-up were used for reference.

Results

Sixteen of the patients were found to have 53 metastatic lesions in the liver. Patient-based accuracy of WB, nRG, and RG was 92.5%, 95.0%, and 97.5%, respectively, with a lesion-based detection rate of 67.9%, 73.6%, and 73.6%, respectively. The average SUVmax of 34 liver metastatic lesions for WB, nRG, and RG was 6.60 ± 2.34, 7.19 ± 2.66, and 8.08 ± 3.24, respectively. SUVmax for RG was significantly higher than that for WB (p = 0.0069). The average MTV of these 40 lesions for the three protocols was 5.32 ± 4.78 cm³, 5.07 ± 4.73 cm³, and 4.73 ± 4.67 cm³, respectively. Among the three protocols, RG showed the best visual and quantitative evaluation for diagnosis of liver metastasis.

Conclusion

Respiratory-gated PET/CT allows more accurate identification of liver metastases than non-respiratory-gated PET/CT.     

F-FDG PET and PET/CT in Burkitt's lymphoma

Objective

To explore the value of ¹⁸F fluorodeoxy-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in Burkitt's lymphoma.

Methods

All Burkitt's lymphoma patients referred for FDG PET or FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) exams at our institution from June 2003 to June 2006 were included. Selected patients were followed and clinical information was reviewed retrospectively. Results from FDG PET-PET/CT, as blindly reviewed by a consensus of two experienced readers, were compared with the status of the disease as determined by other laboratory, clinical and imaging exams and clinical follow-up. FDG PET-PET/CT results were classified as true positive or negative and false positive or negative. The degree of FDG uptake in the positive lesions was semiquantified as maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax).

Results

Fifty-seven FDG PET-PET/CT exams were done in 15 patients. Seven exams were done for initial staging, 8 during and 14 after the completion of therapy, and 28 for disease surveillance. For nodal disease FDG PET-PET/CT was true positive in 8, true negative in 47 and false positive in 2 exams (sensitivity 100%, specificity 96%). For extranodal disease FDG PET-PET/CT was true positive in 6, true negative in 48 and false positive in 3 exams (sensitivity 100%, specificity 94%). The mean SUVmax for the positive nodal lesions was 15.7 (range 6.9-21.7, median 18.5) and for extranodal lesions was 14.2 (range 6.2-24.3, median 12.4).

Conclusions

FDG PET-PET/CT is sensitive for the detection of viable disease in Burkitt's lymphoma. Affected areas demonstrated high degree of uptake that was reversible upon successful implementation of treatment.