右心房内横纹肌肉瘤超声表现1例

<正>患儿女,5岁。主因右下肢疼痛1个月伴排尿困难1周入院。查体:血压112/77 mmHg;心率90次/min;无明显阳性体征。心脏超声:下腔静脉内可见低回声充填,延伸入右心房,右心房内可见大小约1.0cm×2.3cm的不规则低回声团块,大幅度摆动,舒张期进入右心室(图1),三尖瓣口血流未见梗阻。提示:右心房恶性肿瘤?腹部超声:右侧髂窝处见4.3cm×7.5cm×4.2cm低回声团块,边界不清,形态不规则,与下腔静脉分界不清。下腔静脉内充满低回声延续达右房。CDFI:下腔静脉近段见细束血流信号,远端未见血流信号,团块内见点状血流信     

超声造影诊断巨大冠状动脉瘤伴附壁血栓形成1例

正患者男,58岁,因血尿1周入院。自诉胸闷不适。心脏超声检查:左房、左心耳及左侧冠状动脉起始部受压,左心耳外缘见一大小64 mm×43 mm团块状混合实性低回声,边界清,内部可见大小约26 mm×24 mm类圆形无回声区,团块内部未探及明显血流信号(图1);提示:心包占位可能。心脏超声造影检查:于左室显影后第3个心动周期病灶内见类圆形微泡充填,其周围见半月形充盈缺损(图2,3);提示:冠状动脉病变,巨大冠状动脉     

超声心动图诊断肾癌合并肺栓塞1例

患者女,51岁,活动后气短20天,既往有肾癌病史。查体:心率71次/分,血压128/84mmHg,口唇无发绀,双下肢无水肿。超声心动图:下腔静脉增宽,内径约30mm,其内见较高回声(图1A),长约120mm,回声边界清晰,延续至右心房内(图1B);右心房24mm×19 mm,其上可见15 mm×8mm稍低回声,活动明显(图1C);下     

超声诊断膀胱憩室肿瘤1例

患者男,61岁.因肉眼血尿1周就诊.体检:患者一般情况好,腹部触诊未见异常.超声检查:膀胱适度充盈,内壁欠平滑,左侧壁连续性中断,约20 mm.膀胱左后方见大小约60mm×50 mm的无回声区与膀胱相通,该无回声区顶部见大小约35 mm×21 mm的等回声团块,基底部宽,不随体位移动,表面见半环状强回声(图1).     

下腔静脉平滑肌瘤延伸至右心房超声误诊一例

患者女,48岁.4年前因患子宫肌瘤而行肌瘤剜除术,2个月前因子宫平滑肌瘤复发在当地医院行子宫全切术,术前超声检查发现右心房内有占位病变.以右心房黏液瘤入我院.超声检查:心脏各房室腔内径不大,房室间隔连续性好,右心房腔内见低回声团块,大小约3.8 cm×2.9 cm,边界清晰光滑,似覆于右心房下腔静脉开口处,未阻塞三尖瓣口(图1).超声诊断:右心房腔内实性占位,黏液瘤可能性大.     

泛发性恶性潜能未定的血管球瘤临床病理分析及文献复习

<正>1资料与方法1.1资料患者女性,42岁,3月前无明显诱因出现下腹部包块,无疼痛症状;半月前患者因逐渐出现胸闷气短,来本院就诊。心脏彩色多普勒超声提示:右心房内长条形中等回声团块,呈串珠样,最大约53 mm×10 mm,团块在下腔静脉段较细,似从下腔静脉延伸至右心房,部分固定于室间隔右心室面并于收缩期进入肺动脉内,大小约25 mm×6 mm,     

右房原发性恶性肿瘤合并急性心包填塞超声诊断1例

<正>患者男,42岁。自觉胸闷逐渐加重1年余。3d前胸闷、心前区吸气时疼痛入院就诊,心前区无异常隆起,心界扩大,心音遥远。入院时血压66/45mm Hg,心率68次/min,急诊心脏超声检查示:右心房内见一大小约30mm×23mm不规则分叶状中低回声,边界不清,表面欠光整,无明显活动,一侧附着房间隔中上段,房间隔受累及,心包腔见液性无回声区包绕心脏,在各处的舒张末宽度为:左室后壁侧宽20mm,右室前壁侧宽17mm,心尖部16mm(图1)。超声心动图诊断:右心房内中等回声占位,     

睾丸非霍奇金淋巴瘤超声表现1例

患者男,50岁.发现阴囊内肿物来院就诊.体检:左侧阴囊内可触及一质硬肿物,约蛋黄大小,局部皮肤无红肿,皮温无异常,无触痛压痛,无发热及盗汗.超声表现(图1):右侧睾丸大小3.8 mm×1.8 mm,左侧睾丸大小4.1 cm×1.8 cm,左侧睾丸上极少见大小2.3 cm×1.4 cm椭圆形低回声团块,质硬,低回声团块内部呈中等亮度的细小点状回声,均匀分布,颇像正常睾丸回声,境界欠清晰,无包膜回声带,其周边另见几个类似低回声团块,CDFI:低回声团块内见丰富血流信号,呈动脉频谱,RI0.49.超声提示:左侧睾丸内实性占位,血流丰富.     

超声诊断男性假两性畸形1例

患者,社会性别为女,23岁,因月经未来潮来院检查.查体:乳腺外观尚丰满,外阴呈女性,发育欠佳,阴毛稀少,阴道长约5 cm,未见宫颈,未扪及子宫及双侧附件.超声显示:双乳外观正常,腺组织回声均匀.盆腔内未测及正常子宫、卵巢回声,隐约可见一前列腺回声团块,约17 mm×26 mm×16 mm(图1).双侧腹股沟区各可见一稍低回声团块,右侧大小为66mm×12 mm×25 mm,左侧大小为73 mm×12 mm×19 mm,边界尚清晰,形态欠规则,彩色多普勒示其内可见血流信号(图2).超声提示:盆腔内未见明显子宫、卵巢回声;盆腔内所见考虑前列腺;双侧腹股沟区稍低回声团块考虑睾丸及其附属结构可能.     

产前超声诊断12周胎儿Cantrell五联征合并脑膜膨出1例

病例 女,29岁,孕1产0,孕12周4天,在外院超声提示露脑畸形,来我院复诊.超声见：增大宫腔内一雏形胎儿回声,头臀径长约54 mm,于胎头顶部见一囊性团块,范围约18mm×13 mm,颅内结构显示不清.见一搏动物位于胸腔外,接近颌下,彩色多普勒超声见其内有血流信号与胸腔相通,内部结构显示不清.于脐部见一囊性团块,纵切面显示欠清,横切面大小约18 mm×12 mm,内见小团高回声,似见纤细光带与心脏相连.超声提示：①宫内妊娠,单活胎,孕周约12周.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.