胸大肌胸肋部肌蒂胸肋骨(膜)瓣移位术的应用解剖

目的:为带胸大肌胸肋部肌蒂骨(膜)瓣转位术提供解剖学依据。方法:在30侧成人尸体标本上,观测了胸大肌胸肋部的形态、血供及其与胸肋骨的关系。结果:胸肋部肌腹上缘长(18.8±1.3)cm,下缘长(19.5±1.4)cm,中部长(20.2±1.2)cm,止腱长)1.1±0.2)cm,肌蒂游离长度为(16.8±0.9)cm,血供主要来自胸肩峰动脉胸肌支,其外径(1.8±0.2)mm,长度为(5.6±0.6)cm,其分支在肌内沿肌束走行。结论:可设计艺胸大肌胸肋部为蒂带肋软骨膜、胸骨骨瓣转位修复锁骨不连、锁骨肩峰端及顽固性肱骨骨不连。     

带臂外侧上皮神经及其营养血管筋膜皮瓣的应用解剖

目的:为带臂外侧上皮神经及其营养血管筋膜皮瓣提供解剖学基础.方法:32例经灌注红色乳胶的成人上肢标本,对臂外侧上皮神经及其营养血管等进行了较详细的应用解剖学研究.结果:臂外侧上皮神经在均由腑神经发出,起点横径为1.5±0.4mm,在三角肌深方斜向外下3.6±1.1cm从该肌后缘中1/3浅出肌间隔,分为上支和下支,分布于三角肌后部、外侧部和臂外侧上部.该神经的营养血管起源于旋肱后动脉,起点外径为0.9±0.4mm;其行程、分支和分布均同在神经,供血范因为14.8×9.8cm~2,并与周围的皮动脉存在丰富吻合.结论:带臂外侧上皮神经及其营养血管筋膜皮 瓣可视受区需要设计成游离瓣或旋转瓣,用于修复邻近部位、手或颌面部缺损.     

桡神经、肌皮神经分布变异2例

根据张克劬 2 16例观察桡神经浅支缺如 ,其支配范围由前臂外侧皮神经代偿的占 2 .8± 1.1% ( 6侧 ) ;前臂外侧皮神经与桡神经浅支在桡骨茎突上方 1.0～ 7.8cm间有交通支的占 5 .1± 1.5 % ( 11侧 )。作者在解剖两例成年男性新鲜上肢标本过程中 ,发现其桡神经及肌皮神经走行变异 ,现报道如下 :例 1,左上肢桡神经浅支缺如 ,其支配区域由前臂外侧皮神经所代替。桡神经出肱肌和肱桡肌间隙后 ,在肘窝仅发出一细小分支到肱桡肌后即穿旋后肌到前臂背侧 ;而前臂外侧皮神经出肱二头肌和肱肌之间后下行于肱桡肌深面 ,在前臂中部从肱桡肌深面浅出、居皮…     

肱三头肌外侧头神经肌支和血供的应用解剖

目的 :为肱三头肌外侧头的神经肌支移位和游离肌皮瓣移植提供解剖学基础。方法 :在 3 0侧成人上肢标本上对肱三头肌外侧头的神经肌支和血管进行详细解剖观测。结果 :外侧头肌支数 2～ 4支 ,一般为 3支。入肌部位位于大圆肌腱下缘 ( 5 .3 1± 2 .0 1)、( 6.0 6± 1.2 1)、( 5 .96± 1.0 )cm ,横径分别为( 1.4± 0 .5 )、( 1.2± 0 .2 )、( 1.9± 0 .9)mm。肌皮神经肱二头肌平均 2个肌支 ,入肌部位分别在大圆肌下缘以下 ( 4 .2 1± 1.66)和 ( 4 .5 8± 1.3 2 )cm ,横径为 ( 1.4± 0 .6)和 ( 1.2± 0 .8)mm。腋神经入肌部位在大圆肌下缘以上发出。肱三头肌外侧头血供来源于肱深、旋肱后及部分近侧肌支 ,且均与肱深血管有关。结论 :肱三头肌外侧头肌支有足够长度和横径 ,在肌门处可无张力移位至肌皮神经肱二头肌支及部分腋神经肌支。以肱深血管为蒂的肱三头肌外侧头游离肌皮瓣是修复前臂肌肉皮肤缺损的良好供体     

三角肌后束肌蒂肩胛冈骨瓣转位术的应用解剖

在４０例成人上肢标本上观察三角肌后束的形态，血供及其与肩胛冈的关系，三角肌后束后缘长１７．４ｃｍ，后束与中间束交界处于１３．８ｃｍ，后束起动于肩胛冈部长１０．３ｃｍ，三角肌后束神经血管束入肌门的体表投影点的肩峰角下４．６ｃｍ，约在后束后缘前方２．２ｃｍ，肌蒡游离长可达１５ｃｍ，可形成以三角肌后束为蒂肩胛冈骨瓣移位复肱骨骨缺损的术式。     

肩关节手术外侧入路与解剖

目的：为肩关节手术外侧入路和避免损伤腋神经提供解剖学依据。方法：对60侧成尸上肢标本，按照手术进路和层次进行解剖观测。结果：(1)三角肌起点弧长22.6±4．0cm，中线长15.3±2．3cm：(2)腋神经前支长2．9±0.7cm，分支主要支配三角肌前部和外侧部．(3)腋神经前支与肩峰至三角肌粗隆连线相交点，位于肩峰平面下方6.2±1．3cm，此段距离相当于三角肌上2／5份。结论：手术切口和分离三角肌纤维的远侧点均不应超过三角肌中线长的上2／5份，否则容易损伤腋神经前支。     

旋肱后血管为蒂肱骨骨膜瓣移位的应用解剖

目的 :为肱骨头缺血性坏死提供一种新的显微外科修复方法。方法 :在 3 2侧经动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人上肢标本上 ,解剖观测了旋肱后动脉的起始、走行、分支、分布及吻合情况 ,设计了以旋肱后血管为蒂肱骨骨膜瓣移位术。结果 :旋肱后动脉在出四边孔即距肱骨大结节顶点下 5 .6± 0 .9cm处发大结节骨膜支和三角肌肌支 ,本干循肱骨外科颈后面向前行并与旋肱前动脉吻合。大结节骨膜支起点管径为 1.2± 0 .2mm ,向大结节顶点走行 ,沿途分 4～ 5条侧支呈扇形分布于大结节后外侧面骨膜 ,供骨面积可达 3 .0cm× 5 .0cm。结论 :以旋肱后血管为蒂肱骨骨膜瓣移位可用于修复肱骨头缺血坏死 ,方法简便实用。     

肱三头肌长头重建肩外展功能的应用解剖

目的研究肱三头肌长头血管神经蒂特点为以其重建肩外展功能提供解剖学基础。方法对44侧固定尸体的肱三头肌长头肌肉起点及血管神经蒂进行解剖与测量。结果肱三头肌长头起点背侧为肌性,腹侧为腱性,腱性起点长度(9.9±1.5)cm,宽度(2.4±0.4)cm。神经支配来自桡神经的分支,可分离长度(6.8±2.7)cm,直径(2.0±0.4)mm。血供来自①肱动脉肱三头肌支,长度(3.4±1.4)cm,外径(2.0±0.3)mm;②肱深动脉的分支,长度(2.5±0.9)cm,外径为(1.6±0.5)mm,分离至肱动脉长度为(3.9±1.3)cm。血管神经蒂以多级分支为主。结论依据肱三头肌长头及其血管神经蒂的特点,可作为肩外展功能重建术中的动力肌。     

带臂外侧下皮神经及其营养血管筋膜皮瓣的应用解剖

目的 :为带臂外侧下皮神经及其营养血管筋膜皮瓣提供解剖学基础。方法 :32侧经灌注红色乳胶的成人上肢标本 ,对臂外侧下皮神经及其营养血管等进行了较详细的应用解剖学研究。结果 :臂外侧下皮神经的营养血管分别来源于桡侧副动脉肌间隔皮支、肱动脉肌皮支或肌间隔皮支 ,起点外径分别为 0 .7± 0 .2 mm、0 .6± 0 .3mm。除与周围的皮动脉存在丰富的吻合外 :下端还分别与肱动脉末端的肌皮支、直接肌皮支和桡侧返动脉的肌皮支构成吻合。结论 :带臂外侧下皮神经及其营养血管筋膜皮瓣可视受区需要设计成游离瓣或旋转瓣 ,用于修复邻近部位、手或颌面部缺损     

肩关节前内侧手术入路的解剖及临床应用

目的:为肩关节手术前内侧人路和避免损伤重要血管神经提供解剖学依据。方法:对60侧成人尸体上肢标本,按照手术人路进行层次解剖观测。并通过模拟显露证实其可行性和临床意义。结果:(1)头静脉95％位于胸大肌三角肌间沟区筋膜深面,90％上端注入腋鞘内的腋静脉。(2)胸肩峰动脉三角肌支横过三角肌前缘、喙突深面的锁骨下缘与胸小肌止点上缘之间。(3)肌皮神经人肌点至喙突尖的间距为5.99±4.54(7.8～11.5cm)。(4)四边孔内结构与肩胛下肌切断线之间的间距在肩关节内收、外旋位时最大,此时四边孔内结构张力最低。结论:(1)当分离和牵开切口时,应将头静脉和切断的喙肱肌及肱二头肌短头向内侧拉开。(2)胸肩峰动脉三角肌支应在三角肌前缘深面的锁骨下缘与胸小肌上缘之间寻找。(3)在切断肩胛下肌时,应使肩关节处于内收外旋位。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995