超声引导下麦默通微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性肿块的效果

目的:探析超声引导下麦默通微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性肿块的效果。方法:选取2017年1月～2018年12月在某院接受超声引导下麦默通微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性肿块的80例患者作为观察组,与同期采用传统开放手术治疗乳腺良性肿块的40例患者作为对照组,比较两组的临床疗效。结果:相比于对照组,观察组的手术时间短、出血量少、术后瘢痕长度小、愈合时间短,并发症少,有显著差异。结论:在乳腺良性肿块的临床治疗上,采用超声引导下麦默通微创旋切术可优化手术指标,并发症少,值得推广应用。     

超声引导下乳腺微创旋切术与开放手术在治疗乳腺良性肿块中的对比

目的探讨超声引导下乳腺微创旋切术与开放手术在治疗乳腺良性肿块中的对比效果情况。方法分析我院2014年1月~2016年1月收治的乳腺良性肿块患者80例临床资料,依据治疗措施不同进行分组,开放手术组40例和乳腺微创旋切术组40例。观察两组乳腺良性肿块患者术中出血量、切口长度、瘢痕大小、愈合时间、术后局部血肿、切口感染、乳腺畸形情况。结果乳腺微创旋切术组乳腺良性肿块患者术中出血量、切口长度、瘢痕大小、愈合时间均低于开放手术组,乳腺微创旋切术组乳腺良性肿块患者术后局部血肿、切口感染、乳腺畸形发生率均低于开放手术组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声引导下乳腺微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性肿块患者,创伤小,恢复快,术后并发症少,值得临床推广应用。     

麦默通微创旋切系统治疗乳腺良性肿块的疗效观察

目的：比较超声引导下麦默通微创旋切系统与开放手术治疗乳腺良性肿块的疗效。方法选择60例115处乳腺良性肿块患者（治疗组）在超声引导下进行麦默通微创旋切术,另选择同期行传统开放手术的60例105处乳腺良性肿块患者作为对照组。比较两组患者治疗效果及患者满意情况。结果两组患者手术均完全切除乳腺肿块,治疗组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后愈合时间、术后瘢痕大小均明显少于对照组（t＝2．41、3．87、2．44和9．84,P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。治疗组手术并发症发生率（6．66％）明显低于对照组（20．00％）（χ2＝4．62,P ＜0．05）。治疗组患者术后满意率（95．00％）明显高于对照组（20．00％）（χ2＝5．26,P＜0．05）。结论与开放手术比较,超声引导下麦默通微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性肿块较开放手术治疗具有手术时间短、手术创伤小、术后愈合快、手术并发症少及患者满意度高等优点。     

麦默通微创手术治疗乳腺良性肿块的临床研究

目的 探讨麦默通微创手术治疗乳腺良性肿块的临床效果. 方法 回顾性分析90例乳腺良性肿块患者的临床资料,观察组60例采用麦默通真空辅助乳腺微创旋切系统SCM23型,11G旋切刀微创治疗;对照组30例采用传统常规手术治疗.观察切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间、疼痛评分. 结果 观察组切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间、疼痛评分均明显低于对照组,肿块完全切除率高于对照组（均P＜0.05）,再次手术率低于对照组（P＜0.05）. 结论 麦默通微创旋切系统治疗乳腺良性包块的临床疗效明显,值得临床推广应用.     

三维超声引导下麦默通旋切系统经皮负压切除乳腺良性肿物的疗效及安全性观察

目的:研究三维超声引导下麦默通旋切系统经皮负压切除乳腺良性肿物的疗效及安全性。方法:选取2013年5月—2014年7月收治的乳腺良性肿物女性患者112例,观察组于三维超声引导下行麦默通旋切系统经皮负压切除术,对照组行传统手术切除术,比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、瘢痕长度、切口愈合时间及并发症发生情况。结果:观察组手术出血量、手术时间、瘢痕长度及切口愈合时间与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率17.9%较对照组67.9%显著较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:三维超声引导下麦默通旋切系统经皮负压切除乳腺良性肿物疗效好,安全性高。     

比较麦默通微创旋切手术与常规乳腺肿物切除术治疗良性乳腺肿物的价值

目的 研究对良性乳腺肿物患者采取常规乳腺肿物切除术和麦默通微创旋切手术治疗的效果.方法 80例良性乳腺肿物患者,随机分为对照组及观察组,每组40例.对照组给予常规乳腺肿物切除术治疗,观察组给予麦默通微创旋切手术治疗.对比两组术中出血量、手术时间、手术瘢痕长度、乳房美观度及并发症发生情况.结果 观察组术中出血量(15.8...     

麦默通微创旋切手术与传统开放手术治疗乳腺良性肿块的疗效观察

目的：探讨麦默通微创旋切手术与传统开放手术治疗乳腺良性肿块的临床疗效。方法将本院2010年8月~2012年8月收治的86例乳腺良性肿块患者随机分为两组,分别行麦默通微创旋切手术与传统开放手术,比较两组手术情况、术后恢复及并发症发生率。结果两组患者乳腺肿块均完整切除,观察组手术时间、术中出血量、瘢痕长度及平均住院时间均显著少于对照组（P〈0.05）;观察组术后并发症发生率和乳房变形率均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论麦默通微创旋切手术治疗乳腺良性肿块安全、有效,且具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快及美容效果好的优点,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

麦默通旋切术治疗较大良性乳腺肿块效果分析

目的：探讨超声引导下麦默通旋切术在治疗较大良性乳腺肿块中的应用价值及对炎症因子水平和相关激素表达的影响。方法：选取2020年2月—2022年6月就诊的女性较大良性乳腺肿块患者89例,依照手术方式不同分为传统手术组(44例)和微创手术组(45例)。传统手术组采用传统手术方法治疗,微创手术组给予超声引导下麦默通旋切术,对比两组患者手术相关指标、炎症因子水平、相关激素表达情况。结果：微创手术组手术时间、切口长度、切口愈合时间及住院时间均少于传统手术组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后3 d血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平较术前升高,但微创手术组低于传统手术组;干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平较术前降低,但微创手术组高于传统手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后1 d血清去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)、皮质醇(Cor)水平较术前升高,但微创手术组低于传统手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：超声引导下麦默通旋切术可调节较大良性乳腺肿块患者炎症因子水平,及相关激素的表达,改善手术指标。     

乳腺良性肿块应用麦默通微创旋切手术与传统开放手术治疗的疗效探析

目的：乳腺良性肿块应用麦默通微创旋切手术与传统开放手术治疗的疗效探析。方法：从本院收治的乳腺良性肿块患者中,随机抽选80例并分为A、B两组,每组40例。A组应用传统的开放术治疗,B组实施麦默通微创旋切术治疗,对比两组的疗效。结果：B组手术情况及术后并发症发生率均优于A组,两组比较差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05。结论：麦默通微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性肿块,手术时间短、出血少且术后恢复快,并发症发生率较低,值得积极推广使用。     

乳外微小切口乳腺良性实体肿瘤切除术对提高术后乳房美容效果的临床研究

目的探讨乳外微小切口乳腺良性实体肿瘤切除术的疗效以及对术后乳房美容效果的影响。方法回顾性分析我院2019年3月至2020年4月经门诊治疗的良性乳腺实体肿瘤切除术100例患者的资料,根据患者的手术方式分为三组:乳外微创组(n=50,门诊行乳外微小切口乳腺良性实体肿瘤切除术)与传统大切口组(n=23,门诊及住院行传统原位大切口切除术)和麦默通组(n=27,住院行麦默通旋切术)。比较三组患者手术情况、并发症发生情况(包括术后残留/复发、乳房内血肿、切口感染等)、术后乳房美容效果客观评分以及主观满意度。结果乳外微创组及麦默通组手术时间及切口愈合时间均短于传统大切口组,手术切口长度、术中出血量小于传统大切口组,但乳外微创组手术切口长度稍长于麦默通组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);术后三组并发症的发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);乳外微创组术后乳房美容主观满意度和术后乳房美容效果均明显高于传统大切口组与麦默通组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论乳外微小切口乳腺良性实体肿瘤切除术安全有效,且切口部位隐蔽,能在一定程度上提高术后美容效果。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.