显微内窥镜下应用改良器械减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的：探讨应用改进后的脊柱显微内窥镜工作通道及适合内窥镜下操作的L形反向刮匙及弧形凿等配套器械手术减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症的可行性。方法：应用改进后的显微内窥镜工作通道及改良配套器械对116例退变性腰椎管狭窄症进行潜式减压，双节段减压41例，其中单侧入路一侧减压11例，单侧入路双侧潜式减压24例，双侧入路潜式减压6例；单节段75例，其中单侧入路一侧减压18例，单侧入路双侧潜式减压36例，双侧入路潜式减压21例。结果：术中发生硬脊膜撕破2例，定位错误1例，术中予以纠正。92例随访6-45个月（平均26个月），按Nakai标准评定，优良率为89．1％。结论：应用改进后的工作通道和适合内窥镜下操作的器械减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症手术创伤小，并发症少，中央管及神经根管减压充分，对腰椎后柱结构破坏小，是治疗该类疾病的理想方法之一。     

内镜下经单侧入路行双侧椎管减压治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症

目的 报道内镜(METRx)辅助下经单侧椎板间隙入路,行双侧中央椎管和侧隐窝减压,治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症患者的手术技巧与临床效果. 方法 透视下经单侧置入18 min的METRx工作通道,术中通过调整METRx工作通道和内窥镜角度,经单侧椎板间隙入路行双侧中央椎管和侧隐窝减压,从而可保留棘上、棘间韧带和对侧的骨性椎板,以及不影响对侧软组织,临床治疗56例. 结果 单节段METRx操作时间平均94 min.平均失血量为65 ml,双节段操作时间平均135 min,平均失血量为90 ml.平均卧床时间6.5 d.平均腰痛VAS指数从术前6.5降到术后平均3.1.平均腿痛VAS指数从术前7.2降到术后平均2.2,Oswestry功能指数(ODI)也从术前的平均46.8降到术后平均24.6,手术前后差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).Nakai分级评定手术的优良率为84%. 结论 内窥镜(METRx)辅助下经单侧椎板间隙入路,行双侧椎管治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症,不但手术创伤小,而且安全有效.     

后路显微内镜治疗双节段腰椎管狭窄症的手术体会

目的探讨后路显微内镜配置改良工作通道经椎板间隙入路潜式椎管扩大术治疗退变性双节段腰椎管狭窄症的手术技巧及可行性。方法2002年7月~2006年9月,对41例连续双节段腰椎管狭窄症采用后路显微内镜配置改良工作通道行椎管减压术。通过调整工作通道并用不同角度椎板咬骨钳潜式减压对侧侧隐窝,扩大中央管和神经根管,一间隙完成后拔出工作通道,通过皮肤牵拉建立另一工作通道,相同方法进行减压。结果手术中因粘连严重转开放1例,硬脊膜撕破1例,定位错误1例,无神经根损伤。36例随访3~48个月,平均26个月。疗效按Nakai标准评定:优19例,良13例,可4例。优良率88.9%(32/36)。18例术后CT显示中央管及神经根管减压充分。结论后路显微内镜配置改良工作通道潜式减压治疗退变性双节段腰椎管狭窄症手术并发症少,疗效确切,对腰椎后柱结构破坏小,是安全可行的治疗方法。     

显微内窥镜下单侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎椎管狭窄症

目的 探讨显微内窥镜下利用单侧入路双侧减压技术治疗腰椎椎管狭窄症的手术适应证及临床疗效.方法 2005年2月至2007年6月,采用显微内窥镜下单侧入路双侧减压技术治疗腰椎椎管狭窄症患者53例,男36例,女17例;年龄52～75岁,平均57岁.全部病例均有腰痛、单侧或双侧下肢疼痛、麻木及神经性间歇性跛行病史,其中有双下肢症状者均自觉一侧下肢症状较重.所有患者术前均行腰椎X线摄片、CT、MR等影像学检查确诊为单节段腰椎椎管狭窄症,并结合临床表现排除退变性腰椎失稳、多节段腰椎椎管狭窄.术后患者获得平均16个月(8～26个月)的随访,采用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)及腰椎功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评定患者手术后的疗效.结果 术后无硬脊膜撕裂、神经根损伤等严重并发症发生.VAS及ODI评定结果显示患者手术前后的VAS及ODI分值改变有统计学意义(P<0.01).术后CT显示椎管得到有效扩大,解剖结构破坏较少.结论 显微内窥镜下单侧入路双侧减压技术减压效果良好,复发率低,适用于早期症状较轻的单节段腰椎椎管狭窄症患者.     

内窥镜下有限减压治疗老年退变性腰椎管狭窄症

目的观察后路显微内窥镜下有限减压治疗老年退变性腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效。方法自2007年5月至2011年6月,后路显微内窥镜下有限减压治疗下腰椎管狭窄症36例,通过术前、术后1周、术后6个月与末次随访时进行Oswestry功能指数比较以确定手术疗效,记录所有患者手术相关并发症。结果手术时间35～140min,平均65rain;术中出血30～280mL,平均120mL。随访时间6～45个月,平均26个月。术后3次Oswestry功能指数与术前比较均有统计学差异（P〈O．01）。结论后路显微内窥镜下有限减压治疗老年退变性腰椎管狭窄症创伤小,恢复快,减压充分,对腰椎后柱结构破坏小,同时可以获得良好疗效。     

两种术式治疗双节段退变性腰椎管狭窄症的疗效比较

目的：比较显微内窥镜手术与传统开放手术治疗双节段退变性腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效。方法2006-03-2012-06对186例双节段退变性腰椎管狭窄患者分别采用显微内窥镜开窗减压手术和传统开放减压融合内固定手术治疗,其中内窥镜减压组95例,开放减压融合内固定手术组91例,对两组病例手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、术后并发症、末次随访时Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index ODI）及优良率进行比较。结果内窥镜组手术时间、术中出血量及切口长度均较开放组少（P＜0.05）,术后并发症少,两组术后ODI及优良率无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论显微内窥镜下椎管减压术治疗双节段退变性腰椎管狭窄症较开放手术创伤小、术中出血少、并发症少,并取得与开放手术相似的临床疗效。     

显微内窥镜下手术治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症

目的 :评价显微内窥镜下手术治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症的临床效果。方法 :用METRX手术系统对 2 3例退变性腰椎管狭窄症患者在显微内窥镜下行手术减压 ,以ODI(oswestrydisabilityindex)(Version 2 0 )评分法对患者术前及术后 9个月评分 ,并综合满意度评估。结果 :术前ODI评分平均71 32± 18 6 2 ,术后平均 39 84± 17 38,Wilcoxon秩和检验手术前后ODI评分差异显著 ,手术综合满意程度 :优 11例 ,良 6例 ,可 3例 ,差 0例 ,优良率 85 %。结论 :显微内窥镜下手术减压可以治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症 ,但应注意适应证的选择 ,微创下难以处理时应中转为常规开放手术。     

改良TLIF联合对侧潜行减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的研究改良TLIF+对侧潜行减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症。方法对我院20例患者行改良TLIF+对侧潜行减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症手术,观察手术后患者腰腿酸痛恢复情况。结果所有患者手术时间为80~150 min,平均(90±16)min;术中出血190~350 ml,平均(220±12)ml;切口长度5~11 cm,平均(6±1.5)cm。术后随访6月-24个月,平均14.7个月,末次随访时进行疗效评价:其中优14例,良5例,中1例,优良率96.7%。结论单侧入路双侧减压改良TLIF治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症,其创伤小,疗效可靠。     

后路显微内窥镜手术系统治疗腰椎管狭窄症94例报告

目的探讨后路显微内窥镜手术系统治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床效果和适应证。方法通道管经棘突旁做1-3个长约1.6cm互不相连的小切口进入,在显微内窥镜下半环切除椎板下部,关节突内侧,清除增生内聚的关节突﹑肥厚的黄韧带及突出的纤维环和髓核组织,扩大椎管,彻底解除其对硬脊膜,神经根的压迫。进行单侧、双侧、多节段局部“开窗”减压等。本组共治疗腰椎管狭窄症94例,随访6-12个月,平均8.3个月。结果按Nakai标准评定,优78例,良10例,可1例,差1例。优良率为97.8(?/90)。4例中转开放式手术。结论本术式创伤小、手术视野清楚、术后效果优良,既保证神经根的充分减压,又保持脊柱的稳定性,治疗腰椎管狭窄症是一种可靠的手术方式。本方法适用于单节段或多节段腰椎管狭窄症及合并腰椎间盘突出的患者。     

改良显微减压术治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的总结改良显微减压术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床应用结果。方法 2004年1月至2008年12月对100例腰椎管狭窄症患者采用改良显微减压术治疗,其中男68例,女32例;年龄41～78岁,平均52岁。结果本组术后无神经损伤并发症,无伤口感染。手术时间50～90min,平均70min;术中出血量90～200mL,平均150mL。术后随访18～48个月,平均26个月。术后恢复率按Macnab评定标准进行疗效评定,优68例,良25例,差7例,优良率为93%。结论对腰椎管狭窄症的手术治疗重点应放在压迫引起症状的部位,而对无症状的部位不做预防性减压操作。改良显微减压术老年人更容易耐受,减轻了对腰椎后部结构的损伤,更容易进入椎管,有利于进行神经根减压。     

Unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression of lumbar spinal stenosis

Summary A unilateral laminotomy for bilateral access to the lumbar spinal canal was investigated in human cadaver spine specimens to test its practicability in the treatment of spinal stenosis. Microsurgical decompression was performed by partial resection of the ipsilateral facet, the medial portion of the laminar arch, the contralateral facet and by complete removal of the ligamentum flavum. Anatomical, radiological and morphometrical studies on 4 adult cadaver spine specimens have proved the feasibility of this unilateral approach. Complete bilateral flavectomy and partial bilateral facetectomy were the essential surgical steps for an adequate operative decompression.     

DELTA内镜下单侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎椎管狭窄症的疗效分析

目的 探讨DELTA内镜下单侧入路双侧减压治疗单节段腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效.方法 选取广东省中医院骨科自2018年1月～2019年6月手术治疗的60例单节段腰椎管狭窄症患者,根据手术方式不同分为DELTA组和MIS-TLIF组,DELTA组采用DELTA内镜下单侧椎板间入路双侧减压术治疗,MIS-TLIF组采用微创管道...     

可动式椎间盘镜下单侧开窗双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的 探讨可动式椎间盘镜下单侧开窗双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症的疗效.方法 2007年6月至2009年6月采用可动式椎间盘镜下单侧开窗双侧减压治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症32例,男14例,女18例;年龄56～74岁,平均65岁.均为双侧椎管狭窄合并椎问盘突出,有间歇性跛行和坐骨神经痛等症状,双下肢症状以一侧为重.在症状严重侧行棘突旁2 cm纵切口,在可动式椎间盘镜下行单侧椎板间隙开窗,神经根通道减压、突出髓核摘除;在棘突和椎板腹侧分别向上、下方用棉片压低保护硬膜囊,潜行咬除棘突基底部,在棘突基底、椎板腹侧与硬膜囊背侧之间形成工作空间,经此空间潜行咬除对侧椎板下缘和增厚的黄韧带,直至显露松解对侧神经根起始部.结果 术中无神经损伤发生,无中途转开放手术病例.发生硬膜囊撕裂2例,用棉片将其压低后完成手术.手术时间5～100min,平均70min;术中出血量50～350ml,平均150ml.术后CT示减压充分,中央椎管和对侧椎管扩大,对侧椎板、关节突和椎旁肌等结构保留完好.全部病例随访6～24个月,平均12个月.根据Macnab标准,优21例,良11例.结论 可动式椎间盘镜下单侧开窗双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症操作简便,能保留对侧结构,达到双侧减压目的 ,早期随访结果优良.对双侧严重骨性狭窄者应慎用.     

显微镜下一侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄的初步临床报告

目的 报道显微镜下一侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄的手术技术及初步临床结果.方法 收治腰椎管狭窄16例,手术仅分离一侧棘突旁肌肉,在手术显微镜下利用高速磨钻磨除同侧相邻椎板上下缘,显露黄韧带;调整显微镜方向.进一步磨除棘突根部及对侧椎板内面,直至对侧侧隐窝,最后切除黄韧带,使硬膜囊和神经根获得充分减压.结果 随访6～47个月,16例中14例间歇性跛行完全缓解,2例明显好转;背部疼痛症状6例完全缓解,8例明显改善,2例改善不明显;神经根放射性疼痛症状的5例,手术中同时行症状侧椎间盘切除3例,手术后疼痛均缓解.随访过程中,症状无再加重病例,动力X线检查未见椎体问不稳发生. 结论 显微镜下一侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄,手术创伤小,效果良好,术后对脊柱的稳定性影响很小.     

Bilateral decompression via unilateral fenestration using mobile microendoscopic discectomy technique for lumbar spinal stenosis

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of bilateral decompression via unilateral fenestration (BDUF) with mobile microendoscopic discectomy (MMED) for lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods: From June 2007 to June 2009, 32 patients were treated by the technique of BDUF with MMED for lumbar spinal stenosis in our hospital. All patients complained of bilateral sciatic neuralgia and intermittent claudication that was dominant in one limb. CT scan and MRI revealed disc herniation and bilateral stenosis of the spinal canal. Patients with bilateral severe osseous stenosis and multilevel stenosis were excluded. Results: The procedure was technically successful in all patients, bilateral decompression and spinal canal enlargement being achieved by unilateral fenestration. The mean operative time was 70 min (range, 50–100 min), with a mean blood loss of 150 ml (range, 50–350 ml). No significant complication was noted; dural tears were encountered in only two patients without obvious side effects. The patients were followed up for 3 to 24 months (mean, 12 months) and the clinical results were excellent in 21 cases and good in 11 cases according to the MacNab scale. Conclusion: The procedure of BDUF can be performed in conjunction with the MMED technique for lumbar spinal stenosis with good clinical results; however, severe bilateral osseous stenosis may be not suitable for this technique.     

微创单侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎椎管狭窄症早期疗效观察

目的评估微创单侧入路双侧减压经椎间孔椎体间融合术治疗腰椎椎管狭窄症的短期疗效？方法2010年6—10月,38例腰椎椎管狭窄症患者接受开放或微创手术治疗,微创组17例,开放组21例。记录手术时间、术中出血量和引流量、术后住院时间、并发症情况以及手术前后的腰痛视觉模拟量表（visualanalogscale,VAS）评分及日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分。结果平均随访7．6个月。微创组平均出血量较少,手术时间较长,而术后住院时间较短。2组患者术后腰痛及功能均有显著改善,微创组末次随访时腰痛VAS评分低于开放组,微创组术后、随访时JOA评分及JOA改善率均明显高于开放组。微创组患者并发症发生率略高于开放组但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论微创单侧入路双侧减压结合微创经椎间孔椎体间融合术治疗腰椎椎管狭窄症短期疗效满意,其长期疗效有待进一步随访明确。     

Preservation of the supraspinous ligament for spinal stenosis: a technical note

Laminectomies and bilateral laminotomies for spinal stenosis have been performed over a period of 16 years at the Mercy Catholic Medical Center by preserving the supraspinous ligament along with the tips of the lumbar spines. More recently, this has been done utilizing a unilateral approach. This operation is technically feasible and with practice can be done routinely for extensive spine decompression, even for spinal tumor resection or spinal fusion.     

显微外科手术单侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的 对脊柱显微手术下单侧入路行双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症的方法和疗效进行评估.方法 从2007年6月至2010年6月,在手术显微镜辅助下行单侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症60例,以症状最重侧为入路侧,按常规手术方法显露椎板间隙,Caspar拉钩维持并显露术区,脊柱专用手术显微镜下同侧椎管减压,倾斜手术显微镜和手术床,使医生的视角能看清对侧椎管并减压.采用目测类比评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估治疗前后疼痛状况.结果 60例中57例的神经症状完全缓解;3例好转.手术后VAS评分从术前的9.08±0.76降为术后的2.33±1.43,术后随访6～24个月,平均(12.0±4.7)个月,所有病例的症状无加重或复发.结论 脊柱外科专用显微镜下单侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄是一种有效的治疗方法.并且具有创伤小、痛苦少、恢复快、疗效佳、术后对脊柱的稳定性影响很小的优点.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the characteristics and efficacy of microscope-assisted bilateral decompression via unilateral approach for the treatment of lumbar stenosis. Methods From June 2007 to June 2010, Sixty case lumbar stenosis with bilateral decompression were treated via unilateral approach under microscopy. Patients were followed up from 6 to 24 months, average (12 ± 4.7) months. Results The pain level of each patient was assessed both before and after the opeartion, using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Intermittent claudication was completely relieved in 57 out of 60 cases, moderately relieved in 3 cases. VAS score decreased from pre-operational 9.08 ± 0.76 to post-operational 2.33 ± 1.43, and there was significantly difference between them. There was no recurrent case during the whole follow-up. Conclusion Bilateral decompression via unilateral approach under microscope is proved to be an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of lumbar stenosis, and have the advantages of minimal invasion, less pain, quick recovery, better effect, little influence on the spinal stability.     

Spinal canal morphology and clinical outcomes of microsurgical bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach for lumbar spinal canal stenosis

Purpose

Microsurgical bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach for lumbar spinal stenosis is a less invasive technique compared to conventional laminectomy. Although many technical reports have demonstrated acceptable overall surgical outcomes for this approach, no studies have attempted to clarify the clinical outcomes thereof in regard to anatomical variance of the spinal canal. This study was conducted to analyze the clinical outcomes of microsurgical bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach according to spinal canal morphology in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.

Methods

Between January 2008 and December 2009, 144 patients with single-level spinal lumbar stenosis underwent microsurgical bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach by a single surgeon. Patients were categorized into three groups according to spinal canal shape: round (n = 42), oval (n = 36), and trefoil (n = 66), and clinical parameters were assessed both before and after surgery with 2–3 years of follow-up.

Results

Mean visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) decreased after surgery, respectively, from 8.1 and 59.8 % to 2.1 and 19.1 % in the round shaped spinal canal group, from 7.2 and 47.1 % to 2.2 and 15.1 % in the oval shaped spinal canal group, and from 6.8 and 53.6 % to 3.6 and 33.3 % in the trefoil shaped spinal canal group. In all groups, VAS and ODI scores significantly improved postoperatively (p < 0.01), although less improved VAS and ODI scores were observed in the trefoil shaped spinal canal group (p < 0.01). The overall patient satisfaction rate was 66.7 %; however, statistically significant lower satisfaction rates were reported in the trefoil shaped spinal canal group (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Microsurgical bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach may be a good modality for treating round or oval shape spinal canal stenosis, but is not recommended for trefoil-shaped-stenosis. The current authors recommend performing the bilateral decompression technique in cases of trefoil-shaped-spinal canal stenosis.