鼻窦肿瘤的眼部表现分析

为了早期诊断和治疗以眼部症状就诊的鼻窦肿瘤患者，分析６０例鼻窦肿瘤的眼部症状，表现为眼球突出、眼球运动障碍、复视、视力下降或丧失、上睑下垂等。其中４２例首诊于眼科。所有病例均经ＣＴ扫描和病理病检查证实。４８例采用手术治疗，３２例眼部症状改善。结果提示鼻窦肿瘤易出现眼部症状的原因，主要是由于鼻窦与眶壁、鼻窦与视神经管之间密切的解剖学关系。ＣＴ扫描有助于该病的早期诊断。     

鼻中隔偏曲矫正术后再手术方式的选择

目的探讨用不同手术方法治疗鼻中隔偏曲手术失败的病例.方法对14例鼻中隔偏曲矫正术失败的患者通过鼻内窥镜下、鼻小柱翻揭径路及经鼻腔3种方式完成再次手术.结果术后3个月前次手术遗留的临床症状基本消失.结论术前鼻内窥镜检查和鼻窦CT扫描有助于再次手术;应同期处理其他鼻腔或鼻窦病变.在鼻内窥镜下及经鼻小柱翻揭径路手术是较佳的方式.     

鼻内镜手术致视神经损伤的临床研究

目的探讨应用鼻内镜行鼻窦手术的眼并发症发生原因及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析3例鼻内镜术后出现不同程度视功能损害者,对其视力、视野、眼电生理、对比敏感度等检查及治疗进行分析。结果鼻内镜手术操作不当可以引起视功能损伤。3例中1例经皮质类固醇冲击等治疗后视力及视野明显改善,另2例经治疗后改善不明显。结论鼻内镜手术因局部解剖位置的原因容易引起视功能损害,对于视力正常但仍主觉视力下降的患者,应行对比敏感度检查。鼻科医生必须熟练掌握相关解剖,对可能发生的眼部并发症予以足够的重视。     

鼻窦黏液囊肿87例的临床特征及治疗分析

目的探讨鼻窦黏液囊肿的临床特征、诊断及治疗方法。方法分析本院2005年12月-2013年12月收治的87例鼻窦黏液囊肿患者的临床表现、影像学特点、鼻内镜检查特点及手术治疗效果。结果 87例鼻窦黏液囊肿患者的主要表现为头痛、眼球突出、视力下降、面部隆起等非鼻部症状。影像学检查见鼻窦占位;病理检查示囊肿发生于蝶窦9例、筛窦14例、蝶-筛窦26例、额窦15例、额-筛窦9例、上颌窦14例。结论鼻窦黏液囊肿的鼻部症状不明显。CT、磁共振成像和鼻内镜检查有助于鼻窦黏液囊肿的诊断。根据病变特点选择合适的手术方法,早期诊断、早期治疗对预防严重并发症有着重要的意义。     

鼻内镜术治疗鼻窦霉菌球的临床分析

目的 观察鼻内镜手术治疗鼻窦霉菌球的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析42例经鼻内镜手术治疗的鼻窦霉菌球患者的临床资料.CT扫描显示所有患者鼻窦高密度影,伴钙化.结果 所有患者均未见术中及术后并发症.术后病理检查证实42例均为鼻窦霉菌球.随访6个月至2年,未见复发,所有患者均获治愈.结论 鼻窦霉菌球应根据鼻窦CT所示病灶范围选择相应的手术方式,术后反复冲洗窦腔,不必用抗真菌药物.     

穿透性角膜移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的 探讨穿透性角膜移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变的临床疗效。方法 对17例17眼大泡性角膜病变施行穿透性角膜移植术或穿透性角膜移植联合手术。随访观察2～43个月并进行了回顾性分析。结果 角膜植片透明12例,半透明3例,植片混浊2例。其中4例在术后2周～21个月发生角膜免疫排斥反应,经保守治疗后控制。全部患者术后眼部刺激症状消失。除1例术前视力无光感,术后视力无变化外,其余病例术后视力均有不同程度提高。结论 穿透性角膜移植术或穿透性角膜移植联合手术,是解除眼部疼痛刺激症状、提高视力的首选而有效的方法。     

外伤性视神经病变经鼻内镜下视神经管减压及综合治疗

目的 回顾外伤性视神经病变经鼻内镜下视神经管减压合并药物治疗的结果,探讨手术适应证.设计回顾性病例系列.研究对象2006年～2010年北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的外伤性视神经病变患者69例（69眼）.方法 患者术前均行视神经管CT检查,除外严重颅脑外伤合并症,行鼻内镜下经筛、蝶窦视神经管减压术,同时给予围手术期激素冲击、营养神经及扩张血管等综合药物治疗.主要指标手术后视力.结果 59例（85.5%）术前CT扫描显示视神经管骨折.67例（97.1%）行视神经管减压术,其中因鞘膜水肿或鞘膜下积血切开神经鞘2例 1例放弃手术 另1例视力自行恢复出院.随诊2～44个月,术后视力改善30例（44.8%）,其中从无光感到有光感18例,视力大于0.1者9例.结论 经鼻内镜视神经管减压联合药物治疗是目前治疗外伤性视神经病变的推荐方法之一,在除外手术禁忌的情况下,应积极手术并结合药物治疗,挽救视力.     

141例鼻眼相关疾病的临床研究

目的分析和探讨鼻眼相关疾病的病因、症状、体征和治疗等临床特点及其诊疗经验.方法对我院1996年10月至2005年5月间收治的141例鼻眼相关疾病的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中慢性泪囊炎16例、鼻源性眶内蜂窝织炎15例、鼻窦囊肿致眶内并发症11例、良性肿瘤18例、恶性肿瘤16例、外伤性鼻眶骨骨折65例.结果141例患者经临床常规检查、影像学、病理学和手术探查等均明确诊断.治疗后,16例慢性泪囊炎溢泪症状均消失;15例鼻源性眶内蜂窝织炎痊愈;11例鼻窦囊肿,术后视力、突眼、复视不同程度改善;18例良性肿瘤,术后突眼、复视、视力下降、溢泪不同程度改善;16例恶性肿瘤治疗后,复视、眼球运动及视力障碍、突眼、溢泪等症状不同程度改善缓解;65例外伤性鼻眶骨骨折获痊愈(9例伴视神经损伤中,4例视力有较明显提高,5例视力改善不明显;2例伴眶内侧壁异物在鼻内窥镜下取出).结论鼻窦与眼眶关系密切,影像学在诊疗上有重要的价值,鼻内镜下鼻内径路治疗鼻眼相关疾病有明显的优势,鼻眼相关疾病常首诊于眼科,应引起相关学科医生的关注.     

鼻内镜下视神经管减压术治疗外伤性视神经病变

目的探讨鼻内镜下视神经管减压术对外伤性视神经病变的疗效及预后相关因素。方法分析10例(10眼)鼻内镜下视神经管减压术治疗外伤性视神经病变的临床特征及治疗效果。10例术前CT资料显示眶部无明显骨折者4例,眶前部骨折5例,眶后部骨折仅1例;术前无光感者7例,有部分视力者3例。结果术后随访6个月,7例无光感者术后视力无改善者5例,3例有部分视力者术后视力有不同程度提高;4例眶部无明显骨折者2例视力有不同程度改善,5例眶前部骨折者3例不同程度改善,而1例眶后部骨折者术后视力无改善。无手术并发症。结论外伤性视神经病变预后因素可能包括眶部有无骨折、视力受损程度、接受治疗的措施及时间等;鼻内镜下视神经管减压术是目前治疗外伤性视神经病变的一种微创、有效的手段之一。     

鼻源性突眼症的临床分析

以眼球突出为主诉的鼻窦肿瘤,在临床上易误诊为眼部疾病而延误治疗。我院1988～1999年共收治以突眼为主诉的鼻窦肿瘤96例,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　临床资料。96例中男性56例,女性40例,年龄17～75岁,平均43岁。右眼突53例,左眼突43例。病程最短1个月,最长2年。82例首诊眼科,表现为不同程度的眼球突出、运动障碍、复视、视力下降、失明、泪溢、内眦部肿块等。61例无明显鼻部症状,35例伴有鼻部症状,表现为鼻塞、鼻涕增多、血涕等。1.2　ＣＴ及病理学检查。本组96例病人术前均行鼻窦及眼眶ＣＴ扫描,明确肿瘤来源及范围;术前或术后取病变…     

Orbital lipogranuloma after sinus surgery

PURPOSE: To report the treatment and histopathological findings in two cases who developed eyelid swelling, proptosis and diplopia due to orbital and lid lipogranuloma after endoscopic surgery of the maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses. METHODS: To relieve the proptosis and diplopia, debulking surgery was done on the eyelids and orbit. The tissue removed was sent for histopathological examination. RESULTS: The two patients improved after surgery. The eyelid swelling, proptosis and diplopia subsided and ocular movements became normal. Histopathologic examination disclosed an extensive lipogranuloma. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive orbital and eyelid lipogranuloma causing proptosis and diplopia is a rare complication of endoscopic sinus surgery, and can be relieved by surgical debulking.     

Endoscopic sinus surgery for paranasal sinus mucocoele with orbital involvement

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for paranasal sinus mucocoele with orbital involvement and assess the frequency with which a direct orbital approach is required in these cases. METHODS: Retrospective, consecutive series of sinus mucocoeles with orbital involvement treated by ESS by a single surgeon over a 4-year period (1998-2002). RESULTS: A total of 24 mucocoeles of 15 patients, including 10 frontal, eight frontoethomoidal, two ethmoidal, and four maxillary. All cases demonstrated radiological orbital extension. Globe displacement was seen in 73%. At a median follow-up of 15.5 months, the mean cumulative clinical score improved from 4.2 +/- 1.5 (range 1-7) to 0.4+/-0.7 (range 0-2). Ophthalmic symptoms and signs resolved in all patients but one who had complex sinus anatomy following neurosurgery. Minor, self-limiting complications including epistaxis and intranasal adhesions occurred in three cases. Additional endoscopic sinus surgery was required in four patients for revision of narrowed frontal sinus ostium (two), mucocoele recurrence (two), and sinus toileting (one). No cases required external sinus surgery and the average hospital in-patient stay was 2.5 +/- 1.6 days. At final follow-up, sinus ostia were patent in all excluding one case that required a stent due to disrupted anatomy. CONCLUSION: ESS is effective in improving ophthalmic symptoms and signs due to paranasal sinus mucocoele. ESS may be a viable treatment for paranasal sinus mucocoele with orbital extension, and a direct orbital approach is rarely necessary.     

Recurrent vision loss after endoscopic sinus surgery managed with palmar pressure

A 41-year-old woman underwent endoscopic sinus surgery and 24 hours later, she developed acute orbital emphysema with marked vision loss. CT showed disruption of the inferior aspect of the medial wall of the orbit with fat herniation. She was immediately treated with the application of bedside palmar pressure to the globe with complete return of her vision without the need for a needle aspiration or orbital decompression. Weeks later, the patient experienced 2 more episodes of transient monocular visual loss that were again successfully treated with the same palmar pressure. Bedside digital decompression may be a potentially helpful method of restoring vision in cases of orbital emphysema with acute vision loss. We advise attempting this simple bedside procedure before committing the patient to a more invasive needle aspiration or surgical decompressive procedure.     

爆裂性眼眶骨折的计算机断层扫描评估及手术

目的探讨爆裂性眼眶骨折的计算机断层扫描（CT）所见及手术治疗方法和效果。方法分析136例（141眼）爆裂性眼眶骨折的临床表现和CT影象,对其中71眼进行复位手术,将嵌顿的眶内容物复位,植入高密度多孔聚乙烯植片或以钛板钛钉铆合的方式修补眼眶骨折缺损,手术后观察眼眶外观、眼球运动、复视的恢复情况。结果由CT影像确定患者中有78眼单纯眼眶内侧壁骨折,18眼单纯眶下壁骨折,36眼双眶壁骨折,9眼混合型骨折。术后眼球内陷的情况明显改善,眼球的运动也灵活很多,复视症状完全消失。结论综合运用眼眶CT横轴位和冠状位扫描,对于显示爆裂性眼眶骨折的影像学征象、决定治疗方案、评估预后都有重要价值。早期手术的效果显著。     

眼眶骨折修复手术后残余复视的手术矫正

目的 探讨眼眶骨折修复手术后主要功能视野内消除复视的手术时机、方法和效果。方法 筛选眼眶骨折修复手术后,对残余复视进行手术矫正的40全（40眼）进行回顾性研究。分析不同患者复视的成因,手术时机及手术方法的选择。术后随访6个月对手术疗效进行评价。结果 40例术前存在Ⅲ级复视,行眼外肌手术。根据被动牵拉试验结果,选择直肌后徒悬吊、截除以及Jensen联结、眶骨膜固定等术式。术中25例角膜映光基本正位,主要功能视野内无复视,10例略过矫,5例欠矫。术后6月观察,27例主要功能视野无复视;7例正前方无复视,但下方视野残留复视;6例第一眼位残留复视,给予配戴压贴三棱镜后复视改善。结论 眼眶骨折修复术后消除主要功能视野复视的手术方法应根据术前和术中牵拉试验结果以及眼球运动检查来选择,合理的手术方式可有效地消除复视、改善眼球运动功能。     

Neuro-ophthalmic complications of endoscopic sinus surgery

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to provide an overview of powered endoscopic sinus surgery and raise awareness of the possible neuro-ophthalmic complications associated with the procedure. RECENT FINDINGS: The neuro-ophthalmic complications of endoscopic sinus surgery can be categorized into five anatomic sites: eye, orbit, optic nerve, extraocular muscle, and lacrimal drainage system. Double vision may be caused by various ocular motility abnormalities. Visual loss may be the result of orbital hemorrhage or direct optic nerve trauma. SUMMARY: A wide range of neuro-ophthalmic complications may occur during endoscopic sinus surgery. The use of powered cutting instruments has been a recent advance in endoscopic sinus surgery, but it has also been implicated in rapid, irreversible, and devasting complications. Multiple preoperative and intraoperative factors appear to be involved in the adverse events associated with endoscopic sinus surgery. Ophthalmologists may be asked to evaluate and manage ocular damage in patients who have undergone endoscopic sinus surgery, and in some cases emergent intervention may be required in an attempt to avoid permanent visual loss.     

儿童眶壁爆裂性骨折的临床分析

目的分析儿童眶壁爆裂性骨折的特点，寻求有效的治疗措施。设计回顾性病例系列研究。研究对象12岁以下儿童眶壁爆裂性骨折患者59例（59眼）。方法观察患儿眼位、眼球内陷程度、眼球运动、复视情况，通过眼眶CT观察骨折位置、大小、肌肉嵌顿情况等。59眼中牵拉治疗5眼，行眶壁骨折整复术治疗54眼。主要指标骨折位置，眼位，眼球内陷程度，眼球运动，复视情况。结果59例患者治疗前均有复视，眼球运动受限，1例眼球轻微内陷。59例眼眶CT均显示眶壁骨折，其中眶底骨折57例，眶内壁骨折2例，眶底与眶内壁均骨折1例。牵拉治疗1-3次5例患者复视消失。整复手术治疗者于术后8个月内复视消失，伤后1周内手术者，术后1个月内复视消失。结论儿童眶壁骨折多发生于眶底，眼球内陷少且轻微。重度眼球运动障碍，有直肌嵌塞者，应及早手术；手术越早（〈1周），复视消失越迅速。牵拉治疗对儿童某些轻型骨折有效。     

Major orbital complications of endoscopic sinus surgery

BACKGROUND: The paranasal sinuses are intimately related to the orbit and consequently sinus disease or surgery may cause severe orbital complications. Complications are rare but can result in serious morbidity, the most devastating of which is severe visual loss. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of four cases of severe orbital trauma during endoscopic sinus surgery. RESULTS: All the cases suffered medial rectus damage, one had additional injury to the inferior rectus and oblique, and two patients were blinded as a result of direct damage to the optic nerve or its blood supply. CONCLUSION: Some ophthalmic complications of endoscopic sinus surgery are highlighted, the mechanisms responsible are discussed, and recommendations for prevention, early recognition, and management are proposed.     

与副鼻窦沟通的眼眶病变的临床影像学分析

目的探讨与副鼻窦沟通的眼眶病变的临床影像学表现。方法回顾性分析我院诊断的副鼻窦病变40例（40眼）术前均行CT检查,6例行X线检查、7例行MRI检查,均经手术及病理证实。结果上颌窦源性10例,筛窦21例,额窦7例,蝶窦2例。40例中良性病变31例,恶性病变9例。眼眶CT扫描结果显示良性病变边界清楚光滑,密度均匀,呈膨胀性骨质吸收破坏。恶性病变CT表现为边界不清,形状不规则,可见侵蚀性骨质破坏。结论副鼻窦病变易侵及眼眶,影像学检查有助于早期定性定位诊断。X线对副鼻窦病变的诊断具有筛查作用,CT和MRI结合对副鼻窦恶性肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要意义。