双膝关节CT扫描支架设计与制作

双膝关节ＣＴ扫描支架设计与制作李薇，覃厚芳，范世刚笔者设计制作拱形支架用于双侧膝关节ＣＴ扫描，获得良好的效果，兹报告如下。设计制作：（１）材料：有机玻璃，制作为长２０ｃｍ，高１０．０２ｃｍ，底宽为１９．５ｃｍ，两侧对称角为７２°的拱型（附图）。（２）...     

CT引导经皮肺穿刺诊断肺孤立性病灶56例

常规检查对诊断肺部孤立性病灶有一定困难。我院从 1998年起 ,在常规检查的基础上采取经皮肺穿刺术获取组织细胞诊断肺部孤立性病灶 5 6例 ,大大提高了确诊率。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　经Ｘ线摄片、ＣＴ扫描诊断肺部孤立性病灶 5 6例 ,男 38例 ,女 18例 ;年龄 2 3～ 76岁 ,平均 5 6岁。明确诊断为肺部炎症者除外 ,病灶直径在 1 8ｃｍ× 1 5ｃｍ～ 6 4ｃｍ× 8 6ｃｍ。常规血液检查 ,包括结核病 (抗结核抗体测定 )及肿瘤标记物指标测定 ,腹部Ｂ超检查 ,痰病原学及脱落细胞学检查均阴性者 ,若痰病原学检查为阳性 ,则先抗炎治疗 ,效果不好…     

螺旋CT扫描成像质量分析

目的：通过对螺旋与常规ＣＴ扫描的比较，图像的分析和讨论，以期为临床诊断提供有用的依据。材料和方法：螺旋及常规ＣＴ扫描采用Ｓｏｍａｔｏｍ Ｐｌｕｓ全身ＣＴ扫描机。扫描体模：（１）玻璃球，直径１．５ｃｍ，误差〈１０μｍ；（２）有机圆柱体，直径３．０ｃｍ，误差〈８μｍ；（３）水模，直径２５ｃｍ。扫描条件相同情况下，在下述方面进行比较：（１）不同物体螺旋ＣＴ扫描图像还原性的影响；（２）不同螺距扫描与图像分     

负重位全下肢成像技术研究及临床应用价值

负重骨骼的矫形是近年来发展迅速的一门学科。下肢全髋、全膝、全踝 3种关节的人工置换术 ,摄负重立位 (即生理功能状态位 )的全下肢Ｘ线片是首选的检查方法。全下肢的影像应包括髋部到踝关节全长 ,常规的 35ｃｍ× 4 3ｃｍ胶片不能满足摄片要求。笔者自行设计了负重全下肢体位固定装置 ,用加宽的脊柱片[1] (35ｃｍ× 6 1ｃｍ)和胸片 (35ｃｍ×4 3ｃｍ)组合成长胶片 ,分次摄影、重组后可获得负重全下肢的Ｘ线影像。现将本院在 2 0 0 1年 4～ 8月所摄负重全下肢片 5 8例次 ,以及在计算机Ｘ线摄影 (ＣＲ)和Ｘ线扫描成像各2例次的临床资料和摄…     

颅脑CT检查的漏误诊分析

目前临床已将颅脑ＣＴ扫描检查作为颅脑疾病的诊断常规,但是由于人为因素和机器因素影响,使我们在诊断过程出现了漏诊和误诊。现就我院９５年至９７年ＣＴ颅脑检查３４３０例中发现漏、误诊共３７例作一原因分析。材料和方法本组漏、误诊共３７例,男性３１例,女性６例,年龄９岁～８３岁。均为首次颅脑平扫病人,患者均有神志不清或昏迷。有外伤诱因２３例,临床怀疑脑血管病变７例,其他７例。描扫机器为ＳｏｍａｔｏｍＤＲＨＣＴ机,扫描条件为１２５ＫＶ,５ｓ,４１０５ｍＡＳ,层厚８ｍｍ,层距１０ｍｍ。听眦线为常规扫描基线。结…     

三种不同毫安秒对头颅CT质量的影响

头颅ＣＴ检查是临床上最常用的放射检查 ,对中枢神经系统疾病的诊断起着重要的作用 ,但其缺点为辐射剂量较高。目前国内尚无关于头颅ＣＴ检查的毫安秒 (ｍＡｓ)设置的统一标准 ,不同医院及不同型号的ＣＴ机所用的毫安秒(ｍＡｓ)相差很大 ,病人所受的Ｘ射线剂量也差别很大。本研究的目的是在确保头部ＣＴ图像不影响诊断精确性的前提下 ,比较 3种不同ｍＡｓ对头颅ＣＴ质量的影响 ,筛选出尽可能低的ｍＡｓ条件设置 ,以减少病人的辐射剂量。一、材料和方法1 使用日本Ｔｏｓｈｉｂａ ＴＣＴ 70 0Ｓ第 3代ＣＴ机进行头颅普通扫描 ,扫描层厚为 1 0…     

卵巢囊性畸胎瘤的CT诊断

卵巢囊性畸胎瘤绝大多数具有特征性ＣＴ表现,诊断不难,极少数不具有特征性ＣＴ表现,诊断有困难。笔者搜集20例术前经ＣＴ和Ｂ超检查,并经手术和病理证实的卵巢囊性畸胎瘤,回顾性分析其ＣＴ表现和特点,旨在提高ＣＴ诊断的准确性。并就ＣＴ和Ｂ超对卵巢囊性畸胎瘤的诊断价值作一初步评价。1　材料与方法20例卵巢囊性畸胎瘤,年龄22～70岁,平均36.5岁。临床有症状8例,其中腹痛3例,腹胀、月经不规则5例;无症状为普查发现12例。使用Ｅｌｓｃｉａｔ2400ＣＴ扫描机。扫描条件:130ｋＶ,252ｍＡｓ,窗位50,窗宽300。扫描范围:自盆腔入口至耻骨联合下方,…     

99 Tcm-MIBI显像对周围性肺肿瘤的诊断价值

常规ＣＴ对周围性肺部占位性病变的诊断往往缺乏特异性 ,纤维支气管镜很难检测到周边部的病变 ,而放射性核素肺阳性显像则可鉴别诊断肺部良恶性占位性病变 ,笔者对此进行了研究 ,现报道如下。资料与方法1 研究对象。正常对照组 10例 ,男8例 ,女 2例 ,平均年龄 37 8(32～ 5 8)岁 ,均经临床排除心、肺及乳腺疾病。周围性肺部占位性病变患者 15例 ,男 13例 ,女 2例 ,平均年龄 48 4(30～ 73)岁。均进行ＣＴ、99Ｔｃｍ 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (ＭＩＢＩ)ＳＰＥＣＴ平面及断层显像、胸外科手术及术后病理检查。2 药物及仪器。静脉注射99Ｔｃｍ ＭＩＢ…     

肝血管瘤CT影像与B超对照

目的 评价ＣＴ与Ｂ超对照诊断血管瘤的价值。材料和方法 ５０便肝血管瘤病人经ＣＴ、Ｂ超对比检查。结果 本组５０例肝血管瘤病人Ｂ超检出率为１００％，ＣＴ与Ｂ超诊断完全符合３６例，Ｂ超发现病灶不能定性８例，Ｂ超发现１ｃｍ以下病灶而ＣＴ未能检出４例，ＣＴ不能定性２例。结论 Ｂ超以肝血管瘤病灶检出率估于ＣＴ，ＣＴ常规应用“两快一慢”增强扫描描述，依据ＣＴ诊断血管 三条标准，在病灶定性方面优于Ｂ超。二     

CT对自发性肾破裂出血病因诊断的价值(附20例报告)

自发性肾破裂出血临床少见 ,多见于病理肾。本文收集经ＣＴ检查发现的自发性肾破裂出血 2 0例 ,对其血肿及病理肾ＣＴ表现作回顾性分析 ,探讨ＣＴ对自发性肾破裂出血病因诊断的价值。报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 2 0例中 ,男 7例 ,女 1 3例 ,年龄 2 3～ 70岁 ,平均 3 8岁。主要临床表现 :突发腰腹部疼痛 ,伴或不伴血尿。1 2　ＣＴ检查　本组 2 0例在发病后 1 5ｄ内行首次ＣＴ平扫 ,其中 1 6例加作增强扫描 ,8例复查扫描。层距 0 .5～ 1ｃｍ ,层厚 0 .5～ 1ｃｍ。1 2 1　血肿显示　本组 2 0例 ,ＣＴ能清楚显示血肿分布于不…     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.