Increased arterial stiffness as the marker of vascular involvement in systemic sclerosis

OBJECTIVE: Endothelial dysfunction and vasculopathy of the small and large vessels are crucial pathogenic factors in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Accelerated atherosclerosis and impaired flow-mediated vasodilation have been described in SSc. We evaluated arterial stiffness in patients with SSc compared to healthy controls. METHODS: Augmentation index (AI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the brachial artery were measured in 40 patients with SSc and 35 age and sex matched healthy controls using an arteriograph system. RESULTS: AI was significantly higher in SSc patients (9.02) compared to controls (-41.15) (p < 0.0001). PWV was similarly higher in patients with SSc (9.67 m/s) than in controls (8.00 m/s) (p = 0.0017). PWV was significantly higher in patients with localized SSc (10.04 +/- 2.01 m/s) compared to those with diffuse SSc (8.39 +/- 1.87 m/s) (p = 0.034). There was a significant, positive linear correlation between AI and PWV (r = 0.32, p = 0.045). We also observed significant correlations between AI and age (r = 0.31, p = 0.048), PWV and age (r = 0.36, p = 0.021), and PWV and disease duration (r = 0.40, p = 0.011) in SSc patients. CONCLUSION: Increased AI and PWV of the aorta in comparison to age and sex matched healthy controls indicate increased large-vessel stiffness in patients with SSc. PWV and AI are reproducible indicators of the presence and degree of arterial stiffening. Because arterial stiffness may correlate with disease duration and age in patients with SSc, it may be a useful diagnostic test in the assessment of arterial function. Increased vascular stiffness may be therapeutically targeted by statins and other vasoprotective agents during the management of SSc.     

应用超声检查评价高血压患者血管僵硬度与心功能的关系

目的 应用超声检查、评价高血压患者动脉僵硬度和心功能的关系.方法 分别检测、计算高血压组(167例)与对照组(165例)的心功能和颈动脉血管僵硬度参数,并进行两组间比较.结果 二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度峰值(E峰)与左心室后壁二尖瓣环舒张早期速度峰值(e峰)比值(E/e)、Tei指数高血压组分别为(10.92±3.14)和(0.58±0.13),对照组分别为(7.70±1.56)和(0.45±0.09),两组差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);射血分数两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).血管僵硬度参数β、压力应变弹性系数、脉搏波传导速度(PWVβ)和动脉顺应性高血压组分别为(11.0±5.2)、(172.6±83.8)kPa、(7.8±1.6)m/s和(0.6±0.2)mm2/kPa.对照组分别为(7.5±3.0)、(97.1±45.4)kPa、(5.9±1.3)m/s和(0.8±0.3)mm2/kPa,两组差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).E/e与压力应变弹性系数和PWVβ呈正相关(γ分别为0.316和0.296,P＜0.05),Tei指数与压力应变弹性系数、增大指数和PWVβ呈正相关(γ分别为0.278、0.300和0.323,P＜0.05或P＜0.01);射血分数与血管僵硬度参数无相关性.结论 高血压引起动脉僵硬度增高,心功能障碍;动脉硬化可作为早期心功能障碍预测指标之一.     

系统性硬化病患者心室功能评价:超声心动图研究

目的 采用超声心动图技术对系统性硬化病(SSc)患者的心室功能进行评价.方法 对30例确诊为SSc的女性患者和15名年龄、性别匹配的健康人群进行超声心动图检查,同时采用组织多普勒(TDI)技术测量左、右心室心肌的运动速度和收缩期应变、应变率峰值;应用t检验进行统计分析,相关性分析采用Pearson法.结果 SSc患者和对照组相比,肺动脉收缩压增加[(38±16)和(24±5)mm Hg,t=2.79,P=0.008],而左心房室内径、左心室射血分数、右心房室内径和右心室面积改变分数差异无统计学意义;二尖瓣、三尖瓣血流舒张早期和晚期速度峰值比值差异无统计学意义.TDI分析显示与对照组相 比,SSc患者右心室心肌舒张和收缩功能均有受损,即三尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(Em)[(10.7±4.8)和(15.0±2.1)cm/s,t=-2.72,P=0.01]、右心室侧壁的应变收缩峰值[(-16.3±3.9)%和(-20.9±2.0)%,t=-3.62,,P=0.001]和应变率峰值[(-1.4±0.4)和(-2.4±0.5)/s,t=-6.15,P<0.01]均有明显减低.2组之间二尖瓣环速度峰值和左心室侧壁的收缩应变和应变率差异无统计学意义.结论 TDI技术无创、简便,可以早期发现ssc患者的心脏特别是有心室的功能损害.

Abstract：

objecfive To analyze ventricular myocardial function in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Methods Thirtv female SSc patients and fifteen age-and sex-comparable healthy subjects underwent standard echo and tissue Doppler imaging(TDI)examination.T-test and Pearson's analysis were used.Results Both left and right atrial and ventricular diameters,left ventricular eiection fraction and right ventricular fraction of area change were comparable between the two groups.Mitral and tricuspid inflow E/A ratio was almost the same in both groups,while systolic pulmoHary pressure was increased in SSc [(38±16)vs (23.9±4.8)mm Hg,P=0.008].TDI detected impaired right ventricular myocardial function in SSc:eartydiastolic peak velocity Em [(10.7±4.8)vs(15.0±2.1)cm/s,P=0.01],peak systolic strain[(-16.3±3.9)%vs (-20.9±2.0)%,P=0.001]and strain rate[(-1.4±0.4) vs(-2.4±0.5)/s,P<0.01] were reduced significantly.Left ventricular myocardial function was not impaired in SSc patients.Conclusion TDI iS a valuable noninvasive tool for early detecting of ventricular myocardial involvement caused by SSc.     

特异性抗膜突蛋白抗体在结缔组织病肺部受累早期诊断中的意义

目的 探讨特异性的自身抗体对结缔组织病(CTD)相关肺部损伤的临床意义.方法 以重组膜突蛋白作为抗原,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和免疫印迹法检测40例系统性硬化症(SSc)患者和38例混合性结缔组织病(MCTD)患者外周血抗膜突蛋白抗体.比较不同肺脏受累的CTD患者之间抗膜突蛋白抗体的差异.结果 ELISA和免疫印迹法检测发现21例(52%)SSc患者和15例(39%)MCTD患者抗膜突蛋白抗体阳性.CTD合并肺脏受累组抗膜突蛋白抗体的滴度均显著高于无肺脏受累组(0.23±0.14与0.12±0.35,P=0.001).在肺功能检查方面,抗膜突蛋白抗体阳性患者组与阴性患者组比较,肺总量[(82±10)%与(90±14)%,P=0.027],用力肺活量[(76±13)%与(85±17)%,P=0.040],一氧化碳弥散量[(58±16)%与(72±23)%,P=0.014]均显现显著降低.结论 抗膜突蛋白抗体在SSc和MCTD患者中具有较高的阳性率,并与CTD合并肺脏受累显著相关,可能早期提示结缔组织病肺脏损害.     

血液透析患者骨保护素细胞核因子кB受体活化因子配体与动脉僵硬度的关系

目的探讨血液透析患者颈-股脉搏波速度(CFPWV)和颈-桡脉搏波速度(CRPWV)的变化及与骨保护素(OPG)、细胞核因子кB受体活化因子配体(sRANKL)系统的关系。方法对北京大学人民医院血液净化中心2006年6—10月40例血液透析患者采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清OPG、sRANKL,PWV测定仪测定外周动脉僵硬度,X线平片检测腹主动脉、股动脉及桡动脉部位血管钙化,计算血管钙化积分。结果 25例(64.1%)患者存在不同程度的血管钙化,中重度钙化者较轻度钙化者血清OPG高[(342.50±171.53)ng/L对(206.21±137.88)ng/L,P=0.025]、OPG/sRANKL比值高(454.65±455.63比135.31±136.81,P=0.035),sRANKL比较差异无统计学意义[(0.10±0.08)pmol/L对(0.12±0.08)pmol/L]。血液透析患者CRPWV及CFPWV均较对照组增高,差异有统计学意义[(9.48±1.80)m/s对(8.58±1.29)m/s,P=0.043]和[(13.42±3.26)m/s对(10.07±1.76)m/s,P<0.01]。血OPG较对照组高[(235.12±154.33)ng/L对(93.00±44.10)ng/L,P=0.01],sRANKL两组比较,差异无统计学意义[(0.12±0.08)pmol/L对(0.16±0.08)pmol/L]。相关分析发现CRPWV与舒张压、sRANKL呈正相关(r=0.389、0.349,P=0.025、0.040),控制年龄、血压因素后CRPWV仍然与sRANKL呈正相关(r=0.381,P=0.029)。多元线性回归分析显示血磷、sRANKL及钙磷乘积是CRPWV的独立影响因素,年龄是CFPWV的独立影响因素。结论血液透析患者外周动脉僵硬度增加,sRANKL独立于年龄和血压影响血液透析患者动脉僵硬度。     

Impaired myocardial function in newly onset type 2 diabetes associates with arterial stiffness.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate myocardial function using pulsed and color-coded tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and vascular wall elasticity using whole-body impedance cardiography (ICG) in patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), and to compare the measurements with those of healthy controls. METHODS: Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured in 49 men (mean age 52.3+/-5.6 years, duration of DM2 1.8 years), and 15 healthy male control subjects (48.3+/-7.4 years). Mitral annular peak systolic (Svm), early (Evm), and late (Avm) diastolic velocities as well as myocardial peak systolic (Sv), early (Ev) and late diastolic (Av) velocity from middle segments of the anterior, inferior and lateral wall and the inferior septum were measured by TDI. ICG at rest was used to measure cardiac index (CI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). RESULTS: The patients had higher body mass index (BMI 29.1+/-3.7 vs. 25.2+/-2.4 kg/m(2), p=0.000) and SBP (142+/-15 vs. 120+/-7 mmHg, p=0.005) than the controls, CI was comparable (2.8+/-0.5 vs. 2.8+/-0.6l/min/m(2)). The patients had lower age adjusted myocardial Sv (3.8+/-1.1 vs. 4.8+/-1.1cm/s, p=0.002) and Ev (4.6+/-1.6 vs. 6.2+/-1.7 cm/s, p=0.011), and also mitral annulus peak early diastolic velocity (Evm 7.8+/-1.9 vs. 10.4+/-2.6 cm/s, p=0.001). In diabetic patients PWV (14.2+/-2.7 vs. 10.0+/-1.7 m/s, p=0.002) was higher. Age (r=-0.39, p=0.001), BMI (r=-0.44, p=0.000) and PWV (r=-0.52, p=0.000) correlated significantly with Evm. PWV correlated with age (r=0.50, p=0.000), SBP (r=0.67, p=0.000), and HBA1c (r=0.36, p=0.010). In stepwise regression analysis, PWV (beta=-0.39, p=0.000) was the major determinant of Evm. CONCLUSION: Myocardial function is impaired in asymptomatic patients with newly detected DM2 consistent with diabetic heart muscle disease. Arterial stiffness is strongly related to myocardial dynamics, and both may have the same pathophysiologic background.     

Right heart function and scleroderma: insights from tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of echocardiographic parameters as predictors of rehospitalization in scleroderma patients. METHODS: Echocardiographic studies were conducted in 38 patients with systolic scleroderma (SSc) to assess cardiopulmonary function. Forty-five age-matched volunteers without any sign of heart failure served as the control group. Transmitral flow pattern, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) were evaluated. All patients were subsequently followed for one year. RESULTS: Peak transmitral early-diastolic velocity (mitral E) and TAPSE measurements were significantly different between SSc and control patients (mitral E: 74.1 +/- 16.3 vs. 83.5 +/- 17.0 cm/s with P = 0.012; TAPSE: 2.4 +/- 0.43 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.39 cm with P < 0.0001). LVEF was similar, but RVEF was lower in the SSc group (LVEF: 61.7 +/- 9.7 vs. 61.7 +/- 5.8% with P = 0.962; RVEF: 49.6 +/- 6.8 vs. 39.2 +/- 6.7% with P < 0.0001). A strong correlation was found between TAPSE and RVEF. A TAPSE less than 1.96 cm indicted a RVEF less than 40% with a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 78%. Contrary to expectation, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) did not correlate well with RV function (r = 0.261, r2= 0.068, P = 0.016). Finally, the frequency of rehospitalization was inversely correlated with RVEF and TAPSE in SSc patients. CONCLUSIONS: We can predict the rehospitalization rate of SSc patients by TAPSE and RVEF, suggesting the involvement of heart, skin, lung, and other organs in scleroderma patients.     

Detection of subclinical cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis by echocardiographic strain imaging

BACKGROUND: Cardiac involvement is one of the major problems in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Subclinical cardiac involvement has a higher frequency than thought previously. In this study we investigated whether subclinical cardiac involvement can be detected by using echocardiographic strain imaging in SSc patients without pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: Echocardiographic examinations were performed to 27 SSc patients and 26 healthy controls. Left ventricular strain parameters were obtained from apical views and average strain value was calculated from these measurements. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between patients and controls regarding two-dimensional (2D), conventional Doppler and tissue Doppler velocity measurements. Strain was reduced in 6 of 12 segments of the left ventricle (LV) and in 1 of 2 segments of the right ventricle (RV). Strain rate (SR) was reduced in 2 of 12 segments of the LV and 1 of 2 segments of the RV in SSc patients as compared to controls (P < 0.05 for all). These involvements did not match any particular coronary artery distribution. More important differences were detected by average strain and SR values of the LV between patients and controls (19.78 +/- 3.00% vs 23.41 +/- 2.73%, P < 0.001; 2.01 +/- 0.41 vs 2.23 +/- 0.27/sec, P = 0.026, respectively). Furthermore, carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) in scleroderma patients significantly correlated with LV average strain (r = 0.59; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Evaluation of ventricular function by using echocardiographic strain imaging appears to be useful to detect subclinical cardiac involvement in SSc patients with normal standard echocardiographic and tissue Doppler velocity findings.     

Reduced exercise capacity in systemic sclerosis patients without pulmonary involvement

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the exercise capacity of women with systemic sclerosis (SSc) without pulmonary involvement using a cardiopulmonary stress test. METHODS: Thirteen consecutive female SSc patients [mean age 40.8+/-14 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 25.5+/-3.7 kg/m2] without pulmonary and cardiac involvement and 13 healthy sedentary female controls (mean age 41.6+/-9.1 years, mean BMI 23.7+/-3.8 kg/m2) matched by age and BMI underwent a maximum cardiopulmonary stress test (Bruce protocol). The following parameters were analysed: peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), anaerobic threshold (AT), respiratory compensation point (RCP) and metabolic equivalent (MET) of the VO2peak. Comparisons between groups were analysed using the Student t-test. RESULTS: Forced vital capacity (FVC; 92.2+/-14.2% predicted) and carbon monoxide diffusion lung capacity (DL CO; 85.8+/-5.8% predicted) were within the normal range in SSc patients. VO2peak of SSc patients was significantly reduced in comparison to the control group (19.8+/-4.6 vs. 23.7+/-4.5 mL/kg/min, p = 0.04). SSc patients also had a significant reduction in MET at peak exercise (5.6+/-1.3 vs. 6.7+/-1.3 MET, p = 0.04) and a significant shorter time interval between AT and RCP compared to the control group (112.6+/-95.6 vs. 164.0+/-65.3 s, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: SSc patients without pulmonary impairment have reduced exercise capacity. Abnormal vascular response to exercise may account for this finding, as the vascular system is one of the major target organs in this pathological condition.     

多种无创检测方法评价糖尿病患者早期动脉硬化

目的多种无创检测方法联合评价2型糖尿病(DM)患者早期动脉硬化情况。方法无并发症的DM患者30例,对照组27例,行颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、踝臂指数(ABI)、肱踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)、压力波增强指数(AI)及血管回声跟踪技术(ET技术)检查,比较两组动脉硬化参数及其相关性。结果 DM组及对照组IMT、ABI均在正常范围,且差异无统计学意义(均为P0.05);左右两侧baPWV[(1449±232)cm/s比(1291±171)cm/s,(1452±222)cm/s比(1280±178)cm/s;P0.01]及ET技术中压力-应变弹性系数(Ep)[(137±51)kPa比(101±34)kPa,P0.01]、硬化参数(β)[(10.6±4.2)比(8.2±2.7),P0.05]、单点脉搏波传导速度(PWVβ)[(7.0±1.2)m/s比(6.1±1.0)m/s,P0.01]在DM组均明显高于对照组。DM组动脉硬化的发生率较对照组升高[67%(20/30)比26%(7/27),P0.01];Ep、PWVβ分别与左右两侧baPWV呈正相关。结论 DM患者动脉硬化发生率较对照组明显增加;ET技术中Ep、β、PWVβ与baPWV均可敏感地反映糖尿病患者早期动脉硬化。     

Bone density in Moroccan women with systemic scleroderma and its relationships with disease-related parameters and vitamin D status

In this case-control study, our first aim was to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) in women with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and its correlates. Secondarily, we aimed to evaluate 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 status and its relationships with disease parameters and BMD. Sixty patients with SSc and 60 age-and gender-matched controls were included in the absence of confounding factors that interfere with bone metabolism. Body mass index, menopausal status, familial history of osteoporosis and/or fractures; personal fracture history; exercise activity and laboratory parameters of bone metabolism were assessed in patients and controls. BMD was measured by using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was measured in a subgroup of 30 patients and in a subgroup of 30 matched controls. Systemic manifestations of SSc, biological inflammatory parameters, functional disability (scleroderma health assessment questionnaire (S-HAQ)) and immunological status of disease were collected in patients' group. The mean age of patients was 49.44?±?13.07?years versus 49.55?±?12.11 in controls. The mean disease duration was 9.63?±?5.9?years. SSc patients had a significantly earlier age and longer duration of menopause than controls (P?=?0.003). Phosphocalcic metabolism parameters were within normal ranges in both groups. BMD was significantly lower in SSc patients than in controls both in lumbar spine (-2.97?±?0.25 in patients vs. 0.46?±?0.11 in controls) and femoral neck (-1.93?±?0.32 in patients vs. -0.81?±?0.69 in controls) (P?相似文献   

Arterial stiffness is related to insulin resistance in nondiabetic hypertensive older adults

Hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and aging are associated with increased arterial stiffness. Both insulin resistance and hyperglycemia may contribute to the development of arterial stiffness. Older nondiabetic hypertensive adults were recruited to test the following hypotheses: (1) insulin resistance is associated with arterial stiffness, and (2) this relationship is independent of glucose tolerance status. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), pulse pressure (PP), insulin sensitivity index (S(I), measured by insulin-assisted frequently sampled iv glucose test), glucose tolerance status, and abdominal fat mass were assessed in 37 older (23 male, 14 female, mean age 69.4 +/- 5.9 yr), nondiabetic, hypertensive adults after a 4-wk antihypertensive medication withdrawal. Both PWV and PP were negatively correlated with S(I) (r = -0.49, P = 0.002, and r = -0.38, P = 0.02, respectively). The mean PWV and PP in those with normal glucose tolerance were not significantly different from those with impaired glucose tolerance (9.8 +/- 2.4 vs. 10.0 +/- 3.1 m/sec, P = 0.79 and 71 +/- 17 vs. 72 +/- 18 mm Hg, P = 0.80, respectively). In multiple regression analysis, PWV and PP remained independently correlated with S(I) (P < 0.05) after adjusting for age, gender, fasting glucose, glucose tolerance status, body mass index, or abdominal fat mass. These results suggest that in hypertensive, nondiabetic, older adults, insulin resistance is associated with arterial stiffness independent of glucose tolerance status.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者动脉粥样硬化无创检测指标分析

目的检测血流介导的血管扩张(FMD)、脉搏波传导速度(PWV)和颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CIMT),探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)与动脉粥样硬化之间的关系。方法对76例OSAHS患者(OSAHS组)及76例年龄、性别、体重指数与之相匹配患者(对照组)进行FMD、PWV和CIMT检测,对两组间FMD、PWV和CIMT值进行比较,对OSAHS组睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)与FMD、PWV和CIMT之间关系进行相关性分析。结果OSAHS组PWV[(1720±247)cm/s]、CIMT[(1.10±0.34)mm]显著高于对照组[(1469±172)cm/s、(0.80±0.18)mm],FMD[(5.8±1.7)%]显著低于对照组[(8.9±1.4)%,P均<0.01];比较两组中所有伴高血压者,OSAHS组PWV、CIMT[(1850±244)cm/s、(1.24±0.35)mm]仍显著高于对照组[(1655±161)cm/s、(0.99±0.18)mm,P=0.001、0.003],FMD[(5.2±1.7)%]显著低于对照组[(7.5±1.1)%,P<0.01];OSAHS组AHI值与PWV、CIMT值呈正相关(r=0.883、0.698,P均<0.01),与FMD值呈负相关(r=-0.711,P<0.01)。结论OSAHS患者存在更为明显的内皮功能障碍及动脉粥样硬化,且与OSAHS严重程度有关。     

Relation between renal function within the normal range and central and peripheral arterial stiffness in hypertension

Chronic kidney disease is accompanied by increased large-artery stiffness, but the relation between glomerular filtration rate within the reference range and central or peripheral arterial stiffness has been understudied. The link between renal function and arterial stiffness was assessed in 305 patients with never-treated essential hypertension (men: 58%; age: 48+/-11 years, blood pressure: 151/95+/-20/11 mm Hg), free from overt cardiovascular disease and with serum creatinine values <1.4 mg/dL (men) and <1.2 mg/dL (women), who underwent noninvasive aortic and upper-limb pulse wave velocity (PWV) determination. Aortic PWV was strongly related to age (r=0.55; P<0.001), whereas upper-limb PWV had a weaker nonlinear relation with age (beta=1.392; P<0.001 for age; beta=-1.312; P<0.001 for age squared) and a weak relation with aortic PWV (r=0.22; P<0.001). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), estimated according to the Mayo clinic equation for healthy subjects, was inversely correlated with large-artery stiffness, as assessed by aortic PWV (r=-0.34; P<0.001), and with peripheral artery stiffness, as assessed by upper-limb PWV (r=-0.25; P<0.001). In a multivariate linear regression, aortic PWV was independently predicted by age (beta=0.48; P<0.001), mean arterial pressure (beta=0.14; P=0.013), and GFR (beta=-0.13, P=0.029). Upper-limb PWV was predicted by GFR (beta=-0.24; P<0.001) and mean arterial pressure (beta=0.20; P<0.001). We conclude that, in hypertensive patients with normal renal function, an inverse relationship exists between GFR and stiffness of both central elastic and peripheral muscular arteries. These relations are in part independent from the effect of several confounders, including age, sex, and blood pressure values.     

高血压患者和健康人动态动脉硬化指数与脉搏波传导速度比较

目的:比较不同年龄、血压水平的健康人和高血压患者动态动脉硬化指数(AASI)与脉搏波传导速度(PWV)的差异,分析其相关性,探讨AASI作为评价动脉弹性指标的可行性。方法:选取健康体检者167例和高血压患者148例,分别按年龄和血压分级标准分组,进行PWV测量及24h动态血压监测,根据24h动态舒张压与动态收缩压之间的关系,计算出回归斜率,AASI定义为1减去该斜率,对AASI与PWV进行比较研究。结果:随着年龄不断增长,两组的PWV和AASI值逐渐升高(P0.05～0.01),两组女性AASI明显高于男性[健康对照组(0.55±0.18)∶(0.48±0.15),高血压组(0.61±0.16)∶(0.55±0.17),P均0.01]。PWV在性别上无显著差异(P0.05);校正年龄因素影响后,高血压组PWV、AASI明显比健康对照组高,并随着血压水平的升高,PWV、AASI逐渐升高(P0.05～0.01);Pearson相关性分析表明:AASI与年龄、体重指数、24h平均收缩压、24h脉压、PWV呈正相关(r=0.106～0.573,P0.05～0.001),与24h平均舒张压呈负相关,其中以PWV相关性最显著(r=0.573,P0.001)。结论:年龄、血压、脉压和PWV都与AASI呈正相关;AASI作为评价动脉弹性指标,可能比测量血压更能准确反映血管功能状态,有助于筛选出处于亚临床状态的心血管病人。     

Relationship between low serum endogenous androgen concentrations and arterial stiffness in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between arterial stiffness determined by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and serum endogenous androgen concentrations as well as major cardiovascular risk factors in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Serum free testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) concentrations were measured in 268 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Relationships between PWV and serum endogenous androgen concentrations as well as major cardiovascular risk factors, including age, blood pressure, serum lipid concentration, glycemic control (hemoglobin A(1c)), body mass index, and degree of albuminuria, were evaluated. Positive correlations were found between PWV and age (r = 0.491, P < .0001), duration of diabetes (r = 0.320, P < .0001), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.292, P < .0001), and log (urinary albumin excretion) (r = 0.269, P < .0001). Inverse correlations were found between serum free testosterone concentration and PWV (r = -0.228, P = .0003) and between serum DHEA-S concentration and PWV (r = -0.252, P = .0002) in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pulse wave velocity was significantly greater in patients with lower concentrations of free testosterone (<10 pg/mL) than in patients with higher concentrations of free testosterone (1864 +/- 359 vs 1736 +/- 327 cm/s; P = .0053). Pulse wave velocity also was significantly greater in patients with lower concentrations of DHEA-S (<1000 ng/mL) than in patients with higher concentrations of DHEA-S (1843 +/- 371 vs 1686 +/- 298 cm/s; P = .0008). Multiple regression analysis identified both serum free testosterone concentration (beta = -.151, P = .0150) and serum DHEA-S concentration (beta = -.200, P = .0017) as independent determinants of PWV. In conclusion, serum endogenous androgen concentrations are inversely associated with arterial stiffness determined by PWV in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is true for men in general based on other works.     

血管回声跟踪技术定量评价系统性红斑狼疮患者颈动脉弹性功能

目的 应用血管回声跟踪技术定量检测系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者颈动脉弹性功能改变情况,探讨该技术在早期诊断SLE动脉粥样硬化方而的临床价值.方法 根据病程将50例SLE患者分为SLEI组(病史≤1年)和SLE2组(病史>1年),分别对SLE1组、SLE2组和25名健康对照组,应用血管回声跟踪技术检测双侧颈总动脉的压力应变弹性系数(Ep)、硬度指数(β)、顺应性(AC)、增大指数(AI)、脉搏波传导速度(PWVβ)及内-中膜厚度(IMT).结果 3组颈动脉弹性指标比较,表现为各组间AI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),SLE1组、SLE2组较对照组右侧颈总动脉Ep、β、PWVβ指数增高[SLE1组、SLE2组、对照组右侧颈总动脉的Ep值分别为(69±20)、(103±40)、(48±18)kPa;β值分别为5.2±1.9、8.0±3.1,4.2±1.3;PWVβ值分别为5.2±0.7、6.3±1.1、4.5±0.7,AC指数降低(SLE1组、SLE2组、对照组右侧颈总动脉的AC值分别为(1.1±0.3)、(0.8±0.3)、(1.2±0.6)mm2/kPa],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);SLE2组较SLE1组ED、β、PWVβ指数增高,AC指数降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 应用血管回声跟踪技术可诊断早期动脉粥样硬化并定量化,为早期诊断SLE心血管并发症提供依据,具有较高的临床价值.     

Relationship between albumin excretion rate and aortic stiffness in untreated essential hypertensive patients

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate, in a group of nondiabetic essential hypertensive patients with normal renal function, the relationship between albumin excretion rate (AER) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), as an index of aortic stiffness. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Outpatient hypertension clinic. SUBJECTS: Seventy patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension, aged 42 +/- 8 years, never pharmacologically treated. All subjects underwent routine laboratory tests, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring, measurement of carotid-femoral PWV, by means of a computerized method, and AER. RESULTS: Microalbuminuric patients (AER > or = 20 microg min(-1); n = 19), when compared with normoalbuminuric subjects, showed more elevated 24-h BP (136/88 +/- 10/10 vs. 128/83 +/- 7/6 mmHg; P < 0.001 and P = 0.013, for systolic and diastolic BP respectively) and higher values of carotid-femoral PWV (10.4 +/- 2 m s(-1) vs. 9.2 +/- 1.3; P = 0.006). This latter difference remained statistically significant, even after correction by ancova for 24-h systolic and diastolic BP, and body mass index (BMI, P = 0.016). Univariate regression analysis disclosed a tight correlation between AER and carotid-femoral PWV (r = 0.42; P = 0.0003). This association was confirmed in a multiple regression model (beta = 0.35; P = 0.009) in which, as independent variables, besides PWV, 24-h BP, age, serum glucose values, smoking status, gender and BMI, were added. CONCLUSIONS: Our results seem to confirm that microalbuminuria may represent the early renal manifestation of a widespread vascular dysfunction, and therefore it is an integrated marker of cardiovascular risk.     

Lack of circadian variation of pulse wave velocity measurements in healthy volunteers

Arterial stiffness is an independent marker of cardiovascular events. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a validated method to detect arterial stiffness that can be influenced by several factors including age and blood pressure. However, it is not clear whether PWV could be influenced by circadian variations. In the present study, the authors measured blood pressure and carotid-femoral PWV measurements in 15 young healthy volunteers in 4 distinct periods: 8 am, noon, 4 pm, and 8 pm. No significant variations of systolic (P=.92), mean (P=.77), and diastolic (P=.66) blood pressure among 8 am (113±15, 84±8, 69±6 mm Hg), noon (114±13, 83±8, 68±6 mm Hg), 4 pm (114±13, 85±8, 70±7 mm Hg), and 8 pm (113±7, 83±10, 68±7 mm Hg), respectively, were observed. Similarly, carotid-femoral PWV did not change among the periods (8 am: 7.6 ± 1.4 m/s, noon: 7.4±1.1 m/s, 4 pm: 7.6±1.0 m/s, 8 pm, 7.6±1.3 m/s; P=.85). Considering all measurements, mean blood pressure significantly correlated with PWV (r=.31; P=.016). In young healthy volunteers, there is no significant circadian variation of carotid-femoral PWV. These findings support the concept that it does not appear mandatory to perform PWV measurements at exactly the same period of the day.     

桡动脉增强指数与心血管病危险及动脉僵硬度相关分析

目的 探讨桡动脉增强指数(rAI)与心血管病危险及动脉僵硬度相关性。方法 北京地区4985例(男2417例,女2568例),年龄18 ～96(50.9±14.7)岁,测量左侧rAI;应用脉搏波传播速度(PWV)自动测量系统测定颈-股动脉PWV(CFPWV)和颈-桡动脉PWV(CRPWV)。并对其中没有心血管病的人群应用Framingham危险评分和中国缺血性心血管病危险评分分别计算个体心血管病风险。结果 女性的rAI显著高于男性[(83.18±12.36)％比(71.93±15.22)％,P＜0.01]。相关分析rAI无论与两种心血管评分还是与CFPWV、CRPWV均有显著相关性;当校正了年龄、舒张压、吸烟、心率、身高、腰围及空腹血糖后rAI仍与Framingham评分及中国心血管评分有相关性,其中男、女性相关系数r分别为0.17、0.09和0.12、0.08(P值均＜0.05),rAI仅与CFPWV有相关性(男女分别为r=0.14、0.10,P＜0.01),而与CRPWV无相关性。在相对年老的人群中(＞50岁)rAI与心血管病危险评分及PWV的相关性减弱。结论 rAI可能是一种预测心血管病风险及评估动脉僵硬度的有价值工具;作为危险分层的工具,rAI可能更适用于相对年轻的人群。