改良前外侧小切口全髋关节置换术应用体会

目的 探讨前外侧小切口少创全髋关节置换术的可行性及操作方法.方法 在全麻或连续硬膜外麻醉下,采用前外侧小切口的少创技术,行全髋置换术.结果 全髋关节置换术中小切口的应用,能够减少手术创伤、缩短手术时间、减轻患者对手术的恐惧感,切口长度6～10 cm.结论 前外侧小切口少创全髋关节置换术具有创伤小,手术时间短,出血少,患者易接受,手术切实可行,但应严格掌握手术指征并具有熟练的操作技术.     

股骨颈骨折行微创髋关节置换技术优点分析与体会

目的 回顾总结老年人股骨颈骨折髋关节置换手术要点,探讨选择小切口优点及术中注意事项.方法 采用后外侧小切口对35例患者行髋关节置换术,其中20例行全髋关节置换术,15例行单纯股骨头置换术.结果 患者均获随访,时问6～24个月,未出现严重并发症.结论 后外侧微创小切口髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折可行,具有创伤小、出血少、安全、并发症少、恢复快等优点.随着微创理论的完善和更新,小切口入路行人工髋关节置换成为骨科手术中常用方法.     

不同切口的全髋关节置换在老年股骨颈骨折患者中的应用

目的探讨不同切口的人工全髋关节置换术在老年股骨颈骨折患者中的治疗效果。方法选出22例老年股骨颈骨折患者采用后外侧切口人工全髋关节置换术,与25例同期进行的采取外侧入路及20例后外侧微创小切口入路人工全髋关节置换术进行疗效比较。结果平均随访时间11月(4个月～2年3个月),微创后外侧小切口组手术时间,切口长度、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后深静脉栓塞发生率与外侧切口及后外侧切口差异有显著意义(P<0.01)。结论人工全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折采取后外侧微创小切口具有切口长度小、手术时间短及术中出血量和术后引流量少、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点,疗效满意。     

前外侧微创全髋关节置换术的效果分析

目的 探讨前外侧微创全髋关节置换术的效果。方法 选择我院2012年10月~2015年12月期间收治全髋关节置换术患者60例,根据随机数字表法分为两组,前外侧入路组和传统入路组。传统入路组采取传统后外侧全髋关节置换术治疗;前外侧入路组采取前外侧微创全髋关节置换术治疗。比较两组患者的切口长度、术后下蹲时间、手术平均出血量、术后6个月髋关节功能评分和手术主要并发症发生率、髋关节功能恢复优良率。结果前外侧入路组手术主要并发症发生率明显少于传统入路组,髋关节功能恢复优良率高于传统入路组(P0.05)。前外侧入路组患者切口长度、术后下蹲时间、手术平均出血量、术后6个月髋关节功能评分均优于传统入路组(P0.05)。结论 前外侧微创全髋关节置换术效果确切,手术切口小,创伤小,可减少术中出血,减少术后并发症的发生,能够有效改善髋关节功能,值得推广。     

微创小切口全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折64例

目的:探讨微创小切口全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法:采用后外侧小切口对64例老年股骨颈骨折行全髋关节置换术,观察围手术期的出血量、手术时间、切口长度、术后Harris评分及并发症。结果:本组64髋,手术切口平均9.5cm,平均手术时间为97min,术中平均出血375ml,术后24h引流量260ml,术后12月Harris评分平均91.3分。结论:微创小切口人工全髋关节置换术创伤小、出血少,术后功能恢复快,临床效果满意。     

后外侧入路微创全髋关节置换术体会

目的探讨小切口后外侧入路行全髋关节置换术式可行性、技术要点及临床治疗效果.方法将后外侧入路微创小口及常规后外例入路行全髋关节置换术病人的切口长度、出血量、手术时间、手术并发症、术后早中期恢复情况进行对比分析.结果两组病例术后随访6～48个月,平均随访23个月.微创小切口组切口平均8.9 cm,术中出血及术后引流量230～550 ml,手术时间65～155 min,平均95 min,其中1例强直性脊柱炎及1例股骨头坏死移位、髋臼变形,因关节显露、松解困难延长切口完成手术.多数患者第3天扶拐下地行走,与普通术后对比有明显优势.结论后外侧小切口微创全髋关节置换以最小侵袭和最小的生理干扰达到最佳手术效果,具有创伤小、出血少、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点,但必须严格掌握手术适应证,并在拥有一定技术和相应医疗设备的医院方可开展.     

后路小切口全髋关节置换的临床疗效分析

目的 观察后路小切口人工全髋关节置换术的临床效果.方法 分析2005年1月～2005年12月15例运用后路小切口全髋关节置换术患者与同期16例运用传统后外侧切口全髋关节置换术患者的资料,在切口大小、手术时间、手术出血量、术后输血量,术前术后Harris评分等方面进行比较.结果 小切口组患者在切口长度、手术出血总量、术后输血等方面明显优于传统切口组(P＜0.01);手术时间及术前术后Harris评分两组无统计学意义.结论 后外侧小切口全髋关节置换具有创伤小、出血少、功能恢复好,可选择性的用于部分患者.     

外侧小切口入路微创全髋关节置换术

目的:探讨微创人工全髋关节置换(THA)的优越性、操作要点.方法:2005年3月～2009年6月采用外侧小切口人工全髋关节置换本(微创THA组)20例;同期按常规方法行人工全髋关节置换术(常规THA组)25例.比较两组患者的围置换期的出血量、置换时间、切口长度.置换后早中期功能恢复情况及假体位置.结果:微创小切口明显减少手术失血量,术后恢复快,假体位置良好.结论:微创人工全髋关节置换术具有创伤小,出血少,恢复快等优点,但应严格选择适应证.     

后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术87例临床分析

目的：研究后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术（MIS-THA）的临床应用,同时初步探讨后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术的优越性。方法：对2006年1月～2009年1月87例采用后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术病人进行短期随访并做回顾性总结分析。结果87例病人随访12～36周,平均22周,术后关节功能恢复良好,患者日常生活全部自理,对术后的康复表示满意。结论：小切口THA选择性用于部分患者,它具有创伤小,手术时间短,出血量少,切口相对美观,术后疼痛轻,康复时间短,病人易接受,并发症少等优势。     

前外侧小切口微创全髋置换术

目的探讨前路前外侧小切口微创全髋关节置换的可行性和治疗效果。方法在全麻插管下,采用前外侧小切口微创技术,对28例患者施行33例次全髋置换术(其中有5位为双侧)。结果手术切口长6.5~9.0cm;手术时间单侧60~90min,双侧120~180min;术中出血量150~500mL;术后不放置引流;未发生全身及局部并发症。随访6~12月,患髋均可负重行走。结论前外侧小切口微创全髋置换术具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快等优点,手术切实可行。但应有严格的手术指征和熟练的操作技术。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.