跨肾动脉放置覆膜内支架治疗腹主动脉瘤对肾动脉开放的影响

目的 :血管内覆膜内支架放置修补术治疗腹主动脉瘤要求近端瘤颈长度 15～ 2 0mm。通过比较术前术后DSA和CT结果 ,探讨跨肾动脉放置支架治疗短瘤颈的腹主动脉瘤对肾动脉的影响。方法 :13例腹主动脉瘤患者行经皮血管内覆膜内支架修补术 ,支架的裸露部分跨过肾动脉开口位置。术前 1周内DSA 13例 ,术后DSA 2 0例。采用多层面螺旋CT或双螺旋CT ,增强扫描图像采用MIP重建腹主动脉和肾动脉。结果 :近端瘤颈长度 5 .0～ 3 0 .3mm (平均 18.5mm )。术前DSA示 2例患者 3支肾动脉狭窄 ,其中左侧 1支 ,右侧 2支 ,狭窄程度约 5 0 %。术后DSA显示 2 5支肾动脉开口均为支架裸露部分遮盖 ,2例共 3支肾动脉狭窄 ,与术前比较 ,狭窄的部位与程度均无明显变化。术前CTMIP显示4支肾动脉狭窄 ,管腔直径狭窄程度约 5 0 %。术后 1个月CTMIP显示 3例出现内漏 ,4支肾动脉狭窄 ,狭窄程度无明显变化。 3个月后 ,12例CT检查未出现新的狭窄。结论 :跨肾动脉放置覆膜内支架治疗腹主动脉瘤对肾动脉形态学无明显影响 ,对具有一种以上外科手术高危因素的患者是一种有效的介入治疗方法     

肾动脉狭窄支架术对肾功能和血压的作用

目的　评估经皮肾动脉支架术对肾动脉狭窄患者肾功能和血压的改善作用。方法　入选 87例单侧或双侧肾动脉明显狭窄 (管腔内径减少 >70 % )行经皮腔内肾动脉支架术患者。比较各例术前、术后4 8h及随访期血清肌酐、肾小球滤过率 (GFR)及血压变化。结果　 87例患者 (98处病变 )均成功植入肾动脉支架。术后 4 8h平均血清肌酐较术前轻微升高 [术前 (176± 2 1) μmol/L和术后 (179± 11) μmol/L ,P =0 .15 ) ,但术后 6个月随访平均血清肌酐较术前显著降低 [(14 9± 15 ) μmol/L ,比较术前P <0 .0 0 1]。术后 6个月 ,GFR显著增加 [(5 1± 8)ml/min和 (37± 11)mL/min ,P <0 .0 0 1],且 6 1%患者血清肌酐测值恢复正常。收缩压及舒张压显著降低 [术前 :(16 3± 2 3/ 96± 13)mmHg ,术后 6个月 :(14 8± 12 / 79± 15 )mmHg ,P均 <0 .0 0 1) ,6 7%患者术后 6个月血压控制良好。结论　经皮肾动脉支架术手术成功率高 ,其对患者肾功能及控制血压具明显改善作用。     

局部麻醉穿刺下完全无对比剂腔内修复腹主动脉瘤1例

目的 探讨对比剂过敏高危腹主动脉瘤患者接受局部麻醉穿刺下完全无对比剂主动脉腔内修复术(EVAR)的可行性.方法 对1例对比剂过敏腹主动脉瘤患者,在不使用对比剂、局部麻醉穿刺条件下实施EVAR术.结果 手术获成功.术后MRI随访结果显示,患者腹主动脉瘤完全隔绝,无内漏,覆膜支架内血流通畅,双侧肾动脉显影良好.结论 局部麻醉穿刺下完全无对比剂EVAR术治疗对比剂过敏伴全身麻醉禁忌高危腹主动脉瘤患者安全有效,但严格掌握适应证、术前充分评估是手术成功的关键.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后的瘤腔压

本文通过对腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术前后动脉瘤腔内动脉压的测量 ,评估术后动脉瘤壁所受负荷的减轻程度 ,并进一步讨论腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术的成功标准。1　资料与方法　　肾下型腹主动脉瘤 ,成功放置“人”字型内置人造血管 ,进行腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术患者 10例。术前测压导管探头在Ｘ线透视下定位于动脉瘤腔内 ,术后则定位于人造血管和动脉瘤壁之间 (即隔绝后的动脉瘤腔内 )。外接传感器及测压机 ,测量收缩压、舒张压、平均压和脉压差。2　结　果　　腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后 ,动脉瘤腔内收缩压下降(6 2 6± 4 7) %、舒张压下降 (4 4 9± 4 8…     

血管内支架置入治疗高危颈动脉狭窄

目的　评价伴对侧颈内动脉闭塞的高危颈内动脉狭窄病人血管内支架治疗的疗效和安全性。方法　 8例不适合颈动脉内膜剥脱的高危颈内动脉狭窄病人接受了血管内支架置入治疗。术前颈内动脉平均狭窄程度为 (85 2± 9 4) % (70 %～ 98% )。术前和术后 2 4h采用NIHSS评分 ,术前和术后 3个月采用改良Rakin评分标准对这些病人进行神经功能评分。术后随访 6～ 1 4个月。结果　术中造影证实 8枚支架均放置成功 ,残余狭窄程度 (5 3± 2 2 ) % (5 %～ 9% ) ,管腔狭窄程度较术前明显改善 (t=4 79,P <0 0 0 1 )。术中没有发生与手术相关的并发症 ,术后 2 4h病人的NIHSS神经功能评分保持在术前水平 [(2 5± 2 4)分 ] ;术后 3个月 ,改良Rakin神经功能评分为 (1 1 3± 0 99)分 ,同术前 (1 2 5± 1 2 8)分比较差异无显著性意义 (T =1 89,P >0 0 5)。术后随访 6～ 1 4个月 ,除 1例偶发一过性脑缺血发作 (TIA)外 ,其他病人未再出现TIA和新的中风。结论　血管内支架置入术是治疗高危颈内动脉狭窄安全、有效的治疗手段     

支架成形术治疗肾动脉狭窄

目的　分析支架成形术治疗肾动脉狭窄临床疗效。方法　本组肾血管性高血压患者 15例 ,肾动脉狭窄病变血管 15支 (13例 ,89% ) ,闭塞病变血管 2支 (11% )并肾功能衰竭。其中 ,双侧肾动脉受累 2例。狭窄病例中 ,治疗前狭窄程度为 6 0 %～ 90 %。共植入支架 16枚。术后观察患者状况及血管造影随访结果。结果　技术成功率 10 0 % ,未发生严重并发症。随访 6～ 15个月 ,显示临床治愈 4例(2 6 % ) ,改善 9例 (6 0 % ) ,无效 2例 (13% ) ,临床总有效率 86 %。收缩压由术前平均 (2 7.12± 3.0 9)kPa降至术后随访平均 (18.6 2± 3.12 )kPa ,舒张压由术前平均 (17.73± 1.92 )kPa降为术后平均 (11.12± 2 .4 3)kPa(P <0 .0 5 )。术后肾功能保持稳定者 9例 (6 0 % ) ,明显好转者 5例 (33% ) ,继续恶化者 1例 (6 % )。造影复查 1例 (6 .7% ) ,于术后 6个月出现支架内再狭窄 (约狭窄 70 % ) ,经支架内球囊扩张后 ,随访 2次血管造影其再狭窄程度稳定在 2 0 %左右。结论　内支架成形术治疗肾动脉狭窄 ,临床疗效显著 ;闭塞病例支架成形治疗的成功 ,为介入治疗此病的进一步发展开辟了广阔的前景     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术22例围手术期处理回顾性总结

目的 总结腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术(EVAR)围手术期处理的临床经验.方法 回顾分析22例腹主动脉瘤患者EVAR临床经过,通过术前对主要脏器功能进行评估和保护,CTA测量近远侧瘤颈长度、直径、角度和构型,瘤体与分支动脉的关系,最低肾动脉开口至腹主动脉分叉的距离,导入途径的直径、扭曲和钙化程度.根据CTA测量结果,选择覆膜支架和手术方式.术时采用局麻20例,中转全麻l例,1例通过髂总动脉重建导人途径采用硬膜外麻醉,1例合并Stanf.0rd A型主动脉夹层,术时采用全麻.在支架释放前准确定位最低肾动脉位置,至少保留一侧通畅的髂内动脉,若双侧需要覆盖,分期覆盖或髂内动脉重建.支架植入后复查造影,有无内漏.正确判断内漏类型并进行相应处理.支架近端Ⅰ内漏2例,球囊扩张1例,植入Cuff 1例;支架远端Ⅰ内漏1例,球囊扩张时,动脉破裂,行人工血管补片修补术;Ⅲ型内漏3例,球囊扩张后支架植入1例.1例合并Starford A型主动脉夹层先行胸主动脉腔内修复术,后行EVAR.术后7一10 d复查CTA,以后每年复查1次.结果 EVAR手术全获成功.主要并发症为单侧髂肢扭结继发血栓形成,Fogarty导管取栓并支架植人1例;腹壁切口裂开1例,清创缝合;无手术死亡,随访6个月～5年,患者均存活.结论 CTA图像质量高、测量准确,是EVAR术前评估和术后随访的金标准.EVAR是高危、高龄腹主动脉瘤患者有效的治疗方法.     

Zenith腔内支架移植物治疗腹主动脉瘤

目的 评价Zenith跨肾动脉内支架移植物置入术治疗腹主动脉瘤的有效性及安全性。方法 5例腹主动脉瘤患者，均为男性，年龄52～73岁。三维CT造影示4例为Blum B型，1例为Blum C型，瘤颈直径21．0～25、0mm(平均22、8mm)，瘤颈长度16．5～32．8mm(平均25．6mm)。于全麻下穿刺股动脉后，在透视下置入内支架移植物，5例均为Zenith分叉型内支架。结果 5例内支架移植物置入均获成功。手术操作时间1、8～3、0h。术后住院7～14d。术后1周行增强CT复查，均无内漏发生。术后2个月及11个月CT复查各1例，均无内漏及内支架移位。5例随诊6．0～55．0个月(平均26．6个月)均无再发。结论 Zenith腔内支架移植物置入术是治疗腹主动脉瘤的一种安全有效的方法。     

肾功能正常患者肾动脉狭窄支架置入术中栓子保护装置的作用

目的 研究肾功能正常时栓子保护装置(EPD)在肾动脉支架置入术中的应用价值.方法 将24例肾动脉狭窄(共26支肾动脉)接受肾动脉支架置入术患者(术前血清肌酐水平均在正常范围内)随机分为两组:EPD组(n=12,共13支肾动脉)和非EPD组(n=12,共13支肾动脉).所有患者于支架置入术前、术后1、6个月检测血清肌酐值,分别于组内手术前后及组间进行比较.结果 EPD组:支架置入术前、术后1、6个月的血清肌酐平均值分别为(99.18±18.26)μmol/L、(101.73±12.65)μmol/L、(96.82±15.81)μmol/L,相互间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).非EPD组支架置入术前、术后1、6个月的血清肌酐平均值分别为(100.18±19.81)μmol/L、(107.36±29.49)μmoL/L、(127.64±88.05)μmol/L,相互间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).两组间术前、术后1、6个月的血清肌酐平均值差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 术前血清肌酐水平正常患者接受肾动脉支架置入术时,是否应用.肾动脉栓子保护装置对术后血清肌酐无明显影响.     

国产前列腺内支架的临床应用及并发症探讨

目的 :探讨国产前列腺内支架治疗前列腺增生引起的排尿困难的临床疗效及并发症。方法 :42例前列腺增生引起的排尿困难的患者 ,植入 46枚前列腺内支架。支架均为国产镍钛记忆合金编织而成。结果 :42例均一次植入成功 ,36例植入支架后立即自行排尿 ,5例因前列腺增生过大前列腺尿道部过长或支架位置不理想 ,植入一个支架后 ,排尿仍有困难 ,再次植入第二个支架后 ,立即自行排尿 ,但 2例出现长期尿失禁 ;1例伴有糖尿病的患者 ,植入支架 1周后排尿困难未改善 ,而进行外科手术治疗。 36例生活质量评估 (QOL)从术前 6min降到术后 0～ 3min ,其中 2 9例术后随访6～ 2 1个月 ,国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)术前 (2 7.49± 4 .2 1 )ml/s,术后 (6 .89± 3 .76)ml/s(P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,最大尿流率术前(1 .78± 3 .89)ml/s,术后 (1 3 .91± 3 .56)ml/s(P <0 .0 0 1 )。结论 :国产前列腺内支架治疗良性前列腺增生引起的排尿困难 ,是一种安全、可靠的治疗方法     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.