冠状动脉钙化对320排容积CT冠状动脉血管成像的影响

目的 探讨320排容积CT（DVCT）冠状动脉钙化（CAC）对冠状动脉图像质量及诊断准确性的影响.方法 回顾性分析济南军区总医院2011年12月至2012年3月行DVCT扫描及常规冠状动脉造影检查（ICA）的患者60例,计算每例患者总的钙化积分（CS）及四大分支的CS,以图像质量4级（优）至1级（差）对每支血管图像质量进行评价,分析患者每支血管的CS与图像质量的相关性.对患者及每支冠状动脉血管的明显狭窄（狭窄≥50%）进行判断,以ICA为金标准,作出该60例患者冠状动脉狭窄≥50%的ROC曲线,获得患者总CS的最佳截断点.以最佳截断点为界,将60例患者分为高CS组和低CS组,以每支冠状动脉为研究对象,不可评价的血管作为假阳性处理,对高、低CS组的诊断准确性进行比较,同时比较两组DVCT冠状动脉成像结果 与ICA结果 的差异性,分析CS对冠心病诊断准确性的影响.结果 冠状动脉钙化积分（CACS）与图像质量呈负相关,CS越高,图像质量越差.该60例患者的冠状动脉狭窄≥50%的ROC曲线的CS最佳截断点为381.5分（灵敏度为81.5%,特异度为78.8%）.高CS组的诊断准确性低于低CS组（P=0.009）,而两组DVCT结果 与ICA结果 的差异均无统计学意义（P=0.134,0.607）.结论 CAC仍是320排容积CT图像质量及诊断准确性下降的重要原因.     

320排CT血管造影诊断主动脉夹层

目的探讨320排CTA在主动脉夹层(AD)诊断中的价值。方法回顾分析59例临床诊断AD患者的320排CTA检查资料,对比其与16排CTA、MRA及DSA的差异。结果 59例AD患者中,3种方法共诊断AD 43例,胸主动脉瘤4例,真性腹主动脉瘤9例,假性腹主动脉瘤3例。320排CTA诊断AD破口位置的准确率(75/77,97.40%)高于16排CTA(47/53,88.68%,χ2=4.14,P<0.05)及MRA(40/46,86.96%,χ2=5.17,P<0.05);其电离辐射剂量[(849.62±44.73)mGy]低于16排CTA[(927.11±39.47)mGy,t=2.84,P<0.05]及DSA[(976.85±54.21)mGy](t=2.51,P<0.05),并可清晰显示内膜片、真假腔、血栓形成及主要内脏动脉分支受累情况。结论 320排CTA是诊断AD的安全、快捷、有效且无创的方法,对临床制定治疗方案有重要应用价值。     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影评价心血管支架置入后血管再狭窄

文章阐述了随心血管支架在临床的广泛应用,其并发症以及支架再狭窄等问题不断出现,利用多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影对支架术后的随访,对不同的心血管支架进行评估、并分析其生物相容性特点,对心血管支架发展提出意见.     

320排CT评价冠状动脉支架通畅性及再狭窄的初步探讨

目的初步探讨320排CT冠状动脉成像评价支架通畅性及再狭窄的临床价值及优势。方法对32例冠状动脉支架植入术后患者的48枚支架行320排CT冠状动脉成像及常规冠状动脉造影;应用3分法评价320排CT冠状动脉支架的图像质量;以常规冠状动脉造影为参照,评价320排CT诊断支架通畅性及再狭窄的准确性。结果所有48枚支架及支架内管腔均可以显示并满足诊断要求。以常规X线冠状动脉造影为标准,320排CT冠状动脉成像诊断支架内再狭窄的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确度分别为92.31%(12/13)、97.14%(34/35)、92.31%(12/13)、97.14%(34/35)及95.83%(46/48)。结论 320排CT冠状动脉成像在支架再狭窄评价方面有较高的准确度及应用价值,可以作为冠状动脉支架植入术后常规随访的首选影像学方法。     

冠状动脉造影及冠脉内支架植入术后并发症护理措施研究

目的探讨冠状动脉造影及冠脉内支架植入术后并发症的护理措施。方法选取行冠状动脉造影及支架植入术的冠心病患者400例,随机分为实验组和对照组各200例。对照组应用常规护理方案,实验组在常规护理基础上针对并发症特点及诱因,行相应的预防和护理干预。比较2组患者并发症情况及生活质量。结果实验组皮下血肿、出血的发生率为4.00%,冠状动脉痉挛为3.50%,血栓栓塞为0.50%,低血压为2.50%,未发生造影剂反应;对照组则分别为14.50%,10.50%,5.50%,11.00%,造影剂反应为4.50%;护理后,实验组生活质量显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论术前进行良好的健康教育与心理疏导,术中密切观察病情变化并及时对症治疗,术后密切检查并发症并做好护理工作,可显著降低冠状动脉造影及冠脉内支架植入术并发症的发生率并提高患者的生活质量。     

16层CT冠状动脉成像的护理配合与体会

采用16层螺旋CT对69例疑诊冠心病患者进行冠状动脉CT血管造影检查,回顾分析心率变化与检查成功率的关系,探讨冠状动脉多层螺旋CT检查中护理配合的方法及其对检查成功率的影响。     

16层螺旋CT冠脉造影应用初探

目的 探索16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影在不同心率下不同方法的显示能力。方法 40例行16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影后，用Half和Segement两种重建，Vitreal Ⅱ图形工作站的VitrealⅡ软件，应用表面遮蔽显示(SSD)、容积显示(VR)、多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CVR)等多种方法重建后处理。结果 心率小于70次／min，进行Half和Segement两种方法重，冠脉各支均显示清晰，以R—R间期70％～80％的Half更满意。同样心率70—90次／min，冠脉各支显示均优，以R—R间期的50％～60％的Segement重建更优。心率大于90次／min，Segement重建以R—R间期的50％～60％的Segement重建更优，冠脉各支可显示，右冠较左冠脉显示差，Half重建见锯齿状伪影。结论 不同心率采用不同的重建方法、适当选择扫描参数及应用高浓度对比剂16层螺旋CT冠脉造影可获得满意的冠状动脉主干及分支的图像，作为一种冠心病筛选、随访的无创检查方法，具有广阔的前景。     

Narrowing the phase window width in prospectively ECG-gated single heart beat 320-detector row coronary CT angiography

Purpose To evaluate the relationship between the phase window width and image quality in prospectively ECG-gated 320-detector row coronary CTA, and to evaluate the relationship between heart rate and the number of cardiac phases with diagnostic quality images. Methods Thirty-six phases (60–95% R-R, 1% increments) were reconstructed in 41 consecutive prospectively gated single R-R 320 × 0.5 mm detector row coronary CTA patients. For each phase, two cardiovascular imagers retrospectively documented the phases considered diagnostic for the left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCx), and right coronary artery (RCA). The smallest phase window width including at least one diagnostic phase for 95% of coronary arteries was determined, and after accounting for sampling variation, the same smallest window width was estimated for the general population. Inter-rater agreement was determined. A linear regression model evaluated the relationship between heart rate and width of diagnostic phase windows. Results Widening the phase window width increases the proportion of coronary arteries with at least one diagnostic phase. Among the 41 patients, 95% of vessels had a diagnostic phase in the 72–77% phase window. Accounting for sampling variation, the 72–81% phase window has a 0.95 probability of including a diagnostic phase for 95% of coronary arteries in the general population. Interobserver agreement was 0.959 with 0.95 confidence interval [0.908, 0.987]. Patients with a lower heart rate had significantly more diagnostic phases. Conclusions For prospectively ECG-gated single heart beat coronary CTA, a phase window width of 10% will reduce patient radiation and yield diagnostic images in >90% of patients. Heart rate control is an important component of 320-detector row prospectively gated CT dose reduction.     

冠状动脉造影及支架植入术在冠状动脉狭窄中的应用

目的：探讨冠状动脉造影术对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断价值和FTCA、支架植入术对冠状动脉狭窄病人的治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析冠状动脉造影143例，其中的54例76支病变冠状动脉植入支架59枚，包括前降支25枚、回旋支12枚和右冠状动脉22枚。结果：冠状动脉狭窄发生率依次为前降支、右冠、回旋支及其他分支。老年人冠状动脉狭窄的严重程度及多支病变狭窄的发生率较中青年明显增加。狭窄血管经PTCA及支架植入后血供明显改善，但仍有可能发生再狭窄。结论：冠状动脉造影术是诊断冠状动脉狭窄的金标准，经皮冠状动脉内支架植入术是治疗冠心病的有效方法。     

320排CTA诊断脑动静脉畸形破裂出血

目的 探讨320排CTA在脑动静脉畸形(AVM)破裂出血诊断中的价值。 方法 收集接受颅脑CTA检查并经病理和(或)DSA证实的脑AVM破裂出血患者45例,均接受增强动态容积多期CT扫描;利用sub/add软件得到动脉期和静脉期减影数据,对其进行VR、MIP,获得仿真脑动脉、静脉减影图像;回顾性分析原始及重建图像。21例同时接受CTA与DSA检查,对CTA与DSA显示的供血动脉与引流静脉的数目进行统计学分析。 结果 CTA 检出44例脑AVM,其中幕上39例(颞叶最多,8例,顶叶次之,7例),幕下5例,均位于小脑;漏诊1例。AVM破裂出血表现为脑实质血肿41例,蛛网膜下腔出血4例;单条动脉供血37例,2条动脉供血7例;引流至浅表静脉窦29例,引流至深静脉15例。CTA与DSA对AVM供血动脉、引流静脉的显示差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 320排CTA可作为诊断脑AVM破裂出血安全、准确的首选影像学检查方式。     

多层螺旋CT对冠状动脉支架通畅性的评价

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像评价冠状动脉支架通畅性的临床效果.方法 对26例冠状动脉支架植入术后患者的40枚支架行多层螺旋CT性心电门控增强扫描,所有患者均在CTA之后3个月内再次行CAG检查.评价支架的轴位,多平面重组（MPR） 图像及通过支架内腔中心的曲面重组（CPR） 图像,计算支架内管腔面积与支架标定的管腔面积的比值以评价支架内腔狭窄程度.CTA结果与CAG判定的结果相比较.结果 全部40枚支架腔内狭窄程度的评估,支架腔＞50%狭窄的敏感性和特异性分别为71.4%和100%,诊断支架腔＜50%狭窄的敏感性和特异性分别为77.8%和93.9%,诊断支架腔内无狭窄的敏感性和特异性分别为87.5%和100%.在一定条件下,16层与64层螺旋CT诊断冠状动脉支架管腔狭窄程度的结果间差异没有显著性（P＞0.05）.结论 以传统冠状动脉造影（CAG）为金标准,MSCT判断冠状动脉支架再狭窄病变中对于阴性病例及＞50%的严重病例具有较高的特异性.     

Relationship between beat to beat coronary artery motion and image quality in prospectively ECG-gated two heart beat 320-detector row coronary CT angiography

The objective was to investigate the influence of the beat-to-beat movement of the coronary arteries on image quality of multi-segment reconstruction (MSR) images. Although MSR improves temporal resolution, image quality would be degraded by beat-to-beat movement of the coronary arteries. In a retrospectively review, 18 patients (mean age, 67.0 years) who underwent coronary CT angiography using a 320-detector row CT were included. The displacement and diameter of coronary artery segments for each of the identified nine landmarks was recorded. The motion ratio was calculated as the division of displacement by diameter. Image quality (IQ) was graded by a four-point scale. The correlation between MSR IQ score and the motion ratio showed stronger negative correlation than that between MSR IQ score and the displacement (r = −0.54 vs. r = −0.36). The average motion ratio for segments in which half-scan reconstruction (HSR) IQ was better than MSR IQ (29.1%, group A) was higher than that for segments in which MSR IQ was better than HSR IQ (16.0%, group C). The motion ratio in group C was lower than 25%. Difference in IQ scores of the HSR images was more frequent in group A than in the remaining segments in which the motion ratio was lower than 25% (16.7% vs. 66.0%; P < 0.0002). The motion ratio could be a better index than the displacement to evaluate the influence of the motion of coronary arteries on image quality. MSR images would be impaired by a motion ratio larger than 25%. Image impairment of one of the HSR images might also impair MSR images.     

320排CT前瞻性和回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像:放射剂量、图像质量及诊断结果的对照观察

目的 比较前瞻性心电门控及回顾性心电门控320排CT冠状动脉成像的放射剂量、图像质量及诊断结果.方法 对临床拟诊冠心病、心率<65次/分的500例患者依次分别采用前瞻性及回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像扫描方案,分为P组(前瞻组)和R组(回顾组),评价两组的辐射剂量、图像质量及诊断结果.结果 P组和R组各有3750(15×250)个冠状动脉节段,P组和R组冠状动脉节段管径太小(<1.5 mm)难于评估分别占3.49%(131/3750)、3.78%(142/3750),可评估节段占96.51%(3619/3750)、96.12%(3608/3750),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);P组和R组的图像评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).P组和R组平均辐射剂量为(3.36±1.00)mSv、(13.46±2.30)mSv,P组平均射线剂量较R组降低75.04%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).P组的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值为93.22%、99.21%、91.64%、99.05%,R组的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值为94.55%、98.80%、95.86%、98.54%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 320排CT前瞻性心电门控扫描方案较回顾性辐射剂量明显降低,但冠状动脉图像质量及诊断结果与回顾性心电门控扫描无明显差异.     

Randomized comparison of early inflammatory response after sirolimus-eluting stent vs bare metal stent implantation in native coronary lesions

BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of early inflammatory response after coronary stent implantation has been controversial. Sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) has been shown to be better outcomes compared with bare metal stent (BMS). We prospectively investigated the early inflammatory response after SES or BMS implantation in patients with single-vessel lesion, and evaluated the relationship between inflammation and late clinical outcomes in a randomized design. METHODS: Forty-eight patients with single-vessel disease were randomized into SES or BMS implantation group (n=24 respectively). Blood samples were taken before stenting, 1 h, 24 h and 8 months afterward. The plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by ELISA. The clinical and angiographic follow-up were performed at 8 months after stenting. RESULTS: There was no difference in baseline characteristics, plasma CRP and IL-6 concentrations between the 2 groups. However, plasma IL-6 concentrations at 1 h after stenting were higher in both groups than in baseline (p<0.01). In addition, the plasma CRP and IL-6 concentrations at 24 h after stenting were significantly higher in both groups compared with baseline (p<0.01 respectively). Likewise, plasma CRP and IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher in BMS group compared with SES group at 24 h after stenting (p<0.05 respectively). At the follow-up (mean 8 months after stenting), the rate of in-stent restenosis (ISR) and target lesion revascularization (TLR) were higher in BMS group than in SES group (p<0.05 respectively) although the plasma CRP and IL-6 concentrations are similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Single coronary stenting could trigger an early inflammatory response. However, patients undergoing SES implantation has less augmentation of early inflammatory markers after stenting compared to patients treated with BMS, which was positively related the incidence of ISR and TLR at follow-up. This may reflect the potential impact of SES implantation on the early inflammatory response and late clinical outcomes.     

Prognostic value of dual-source multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with stent implantation

We aim to evaluate the prognostic value of dual-source 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in patients with coronary stents. The study included 173 patients [mean age 59.9 ± 10.1 years, 76.7 % male] with previous stent implantation who underwent MDCT for evaluation of CAD and stent patency. Coronary imaging was performed via dual-source MDCT scanner. Stented vessel segment was evaluated as patent without neointimal hyperplasia (NIH), nonobstructive NIH (<50 % luminal narrowing), or obstructive NIH (>50 % luminal narrowing). Patients were evaluated for major cardiovascular events (MACEs) to demonstrate association between stent patency and clinical outcome. MACEs that were originating from non-stented segments were excluded. A total of 213 coronary stents were evaluated in our study. During mean of 21.2 ± 13.6 months’ follow-up, 25 patients experienced MACEs [1 (4.0 %) cardiac death, 5 (20.0 %) nonfatal MI, and 19 (76.0 %) unstable angina pectoris requiring hospitalization and target vessel revascularization] associated with stented segment of coronary arteries. One hundred of 105 patients (95.2 %) with a patent stent without NIH detected by MDCT had no cardiac event associated with stented segments during mean 2 years’ follow-up period. These data indicate that patients with a patent stent without NIH as determined by MDCT have a good prognosis as opposed to an increased rate of events among patients with either nonobstructive or obstructive NIH as determined with MDCT, supporting MDCT as a reliable tool to evaluate patients after coronary stenting.     

冠脉支架术后氯吡格雷和噻氯匹定应用的临床观察

目的 探讨冠脉支架术后应用氯吡格雷和噻氯匹定加阿司匹林的抗血小板聚集作用及其安全性。方法对158例冠脉内支架随机分别应用氯吡格雷75mg/d和阿司匹林300mg/d加低分子肝紊0．5mL／d(CA组n=32)、噻氯匹定500mg/d和阿司匹林300mg/d加低令子肝素0．5mL／d(TA组n=126)，测定血栓与止血功能及观察心脏事件、药物的副作用。结果 两组患者抗血小板聚集作用的效果和心脏事件发生率相似。药物副作用：噻氯匹定中性粒细胞减少(1．5％比0)、腹泻(5．6％比3．1％)、皮疹(8．6％比3．1％)均高于氯吡格雷(P(O．05)。结论 氯吡格雷在支架置入后是一种有效的抗血小板聚集药物，其副作用少，且优于噻氯匹定。     

The effect of heart rate on coronary plaque measurements in 320-row coronary CT angiography

Repeatability of quantitative assessment of atherosclerotic plaques is important for the accurate detection of high-risk plaques in coronary CT angiography (CTA). We assessed the effect of heart rate (HR) on plaque CT number using a coronary artery model and a cardiac phantom capable of simulating cardiac motion. The coronary artery model with luminal stenosis on a cardiac phantom was imaged with a simulated HR of 0, 50, 60, and 70 beats per minute using a 320-row CT scanner. We reconstructed CT images for cardiac diastolic phases (for 75% R–R interval) using filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction (AIDR3D), and model-based iterative reconstruction (FIRST). Two observers measured plaque attenuation in the lesion with 75% stenosis. The coefficient of determination (R²) was obtained to evaluate interobserver agreement. At HR 70, FIRST improved the correlation between two observers compared with FBP and AIDR3D (FIRST: R²?=?0.68, p?<?0.05; FBP: R²?=?0.29, p?=?0.31; AIDR3D: R²?=?0.22, p?=?0.18). These R² at HR 70 were lower compared with at HR 50 (FIRST: R²?=?0.92, p?<?0.05; FBP: R²?=?0.83, p?<?0.05; AIDR3D: R²?=?0.87, p?<?0.05) and HR 0 (FIRST: R²?=?0.97, p?<?0.05; FBP: R²?=?0.89, p?<?0.05; AIDR3D: R²?=?0.95, p?<?0.05). Higher HR affected plaque measurement repeatability in coronary CTA. FIRST may improve plaque measurement repeatability at the higher HR compared with FBP and AIDR3D.     

前瞻性心电门控320排容积CT对全主动脉和冠状动脉的一站式成像

目的 探讨前瞻性心电门控320排容积CT在高心率患者全主动脉及冠状动脉一站式成像中的可行性.方法 对38例急诊疑似主动脉病变且心率＞70次/分的患者(前瞻性心电门控组)行前瞻性心电门控Wide-Volume模式扫描,强制一个心动周期扫描,曝光时间窗预设在40%～50%R-R间期,45%R-R间期重建,并与45例主动脉病变治疗后复查接受全主动脉非心电门控大螺距螺旋扫描的患者(对照组)进行对比.测定主动脉不同部位的强化程度,并对全主动脉、主动脉窦/瓣、冠状动脉图像质量进行评价.记录两组的有效辐射剂量、对比剂用量并进行统计学分析.结果 所有患者的主动脉全程平均CT值均＞370 HU.主动脉瓣及主动脉根部:前瞻性心电门控组的图像可诊断率达100%(38/38),明显高于对照组(17/45,37.78%).冠状动脉:对照组均不能对冠状动脉图像进行评价,前瞻性心电门控组的冠状动脉总节段数为538,图像可诊断率达98.88%.前瞻性心电门控组平均有效辐射剂量为(21.14±6.15)mSv,对照组为(18.00±4.36)mSv,两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).前瞻性心电门控组的对比剂总量高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 320排容积CT前瞻性心电门控Wide-Volume扫描模式在不增加辐射剂量的基础上可最大限度地减少主动脉根部运动伪影,一次检查可获得全主动脉及冠状动脉的详细信息.     

经皮冠状动脉支架植入术后患者自我管理行为及其影响因素

目的调查经皮冠状动脉支架植入术后患者自我管理行为现状及其影响因素。方法采用冠心病自我管理行为量表、心理问题筛查问卷、自我管理知识问卷和一般资料调查表,对200例支架植入术后6～12个月的患者进行调查。结果经皮冠状动脉支架植入术后患者自我管理行为量表得分为(80.48±12.08)分,得分率为59.61%,且受自我管理知识、年龄、文化程度、收入水平和心理因素的影响。结论经皮冠状动脉支架植入术后患者的自我管理行为处于较低水平,且受多方面因素影响,这为制订自我管理干预方案提供了依据。