大鼠供肝冷保存时间延长损伤移植肝肝细胞和肝窦内皮细胞

目的 探讨供肝冷保存时间与肝移植后肝细胞和肝窦内皮细胞（SEC）损伤的关系。方法 选取健康雄性SD大鼠作为供、受者，建立原位肝移植（OLT）模型。随机分为3组，冷保存1h组（H=48）：供肝获取后，置于4C的冷保存液中保存1h，再行OLT。冷保存12h组（n=48）：供肝获取后，置于4℃的UW液中保存12h，再行OLT。对照组（H=6）：大鼠只打开腹腔，不进行移植。前2组分别于术后1、6、12、24、48、72、96和168h采取血液及组织标本，对照组仅在开腹时取血液及组织标本，检测各组、各时点血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）及透明质酸（HA）的水平；观察移植肝的病理形态学变化，透射电镜观察其超微结构改变；原位末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶标记法（TUNEL）检测移植肝细胞的凋亡情况；观察术后168h时的大鼠存活率。结果 冷保存1h和冷保存12h组肝移植后各时点血清ALT、AST及HA均较对照组明显升高（P〈0．05），并且冷保存12h组又明显高于冷保存1h组（P〈0．05）。冷保存12h组术后24h移植肝组织出现片状坏死，而冷保存1h组病理学改变不明显。冷保存12h组肝窦内皮细胞凋亡指数（AI）明显高于冷保存1h组（F=63．58，P〈0．01），两组大鼠移植肝组织均于术后6h出现凋亡高峰，且肝窦内皮细胞的凋亡指数明显高于肝细胞。冷保存1h组和冷保存12h组大鼠肝移植后168h时的存活率分别为100％和50％，两组比较，差异有统计学意义（F=6．39，P〈0．05）。结论 肝移植后肝细胞和肝窦内皮细胞的损伤程度与冷保存时间密切相关。肝窦内皮细胞对冷保存及再灌注损伤的敏感性高于肝细胞，其损伤方式以细胞凋亡为主。     

肝窦内皮细胞的研究进展

目的分析并总结肝窦内皮细胞的表型标志以及其在肝脏疾病发生、发展过程中的作用的研究进展情况。方法以＂肝窦内皮细胞＂、＂肝再生＂及＂肝脏疾病＂作为关键词,利用PubMed、万方、CNKI等数据库检索近年来关于肝窦内皮细胞与肝脏疾病研究的相关文献并进行综述。结果肝窦内皮细胞具有特殊的细胞结构及表型标志,在肝脏再生、肝脏免疫耐受、肝脏纤维化及肝脏损伤的过程中最先感受＂损伤信息＂,并且作为第一道屏障既起着保护肝脏的作用,同时也是肝脏损伤的最初改变,在肝脏疾病发生、发展的过程中起着重要的作用。结论肝窦内皮细胞功能复杂,其在肝脏疾病病变过程中具体如何发挥作用及发挥作用的机制尚不明确,有待进一步研究。     

肝再生刺激因子、表皮生长因子对肝细胞的作用

目的：观察肝再生刺激因子(HSS）及表皮生长因子（EGF)对肝细胞增殖再生作用合适剂量及其联合效应，并推测HSS作用时相。方法：以~3HTdR掺入法检测细胞DNA增殖；体外原代大鼠肝细胞培养不同时间加入HSS,MTT法检测细胞生长状况。结果与结论：1.HSS（≤100μg／ml)和EGF（≤100ng／ml）对肝衍生细胞均有显著刺激作用（P＜0.01）,并存在剂量关系，但剂量过大，刺激作用反而下降。2.HSS、EGF存在协同作用，原代肝细胞、肝癌细胞株（SMMC-7721、BEL-7402）体外培养48h后，经(~3H）TdR掺入法检测cpm值分别为各自对照组的5.94、2.98和3.36倍。3.体外培养原代大鼠肝细胞，于贴壁后Oh.20h加入HSS其刺激作用较40h组显著.提示HSS可能主要作用于肝细胞再生G1/S期。     

大鼠淋巴管内皮细胞的原代培养及鉴定

恶性肿瘤淋巴结转移与血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）-C／VEGFR-3信号调控通道的关系已在临床病理组织学上被证实，本实验旨在应用管内酶消化法进行大鼠的淋巴管内皮细胞的原代培养，观察它的形态和免疫组织化学特性。     

肝移植大鼠肝窦内皮细胞的损伤及PGE1对其的保护作用

目的　探讨肝移植大鼠术后早期肝窦内皮细胞功能的改变及前列腺素E1(PGE1)对其的保护作用。方法　用“两袖套法”建立大鼠原位肝移植模型 ,其中A组为正常大鼠空白对照组 ,B组为正常大鼠供体肝移植手术对照组 ,C组为休克性大鼠供体肝移植实验对照组 ,D组为PGE1保护的休克性大鼠供体肝移植实验组 ,每组各 8只。肝移植各组 (无特别说明均指受体 )于术后 6h取血 ,检测其血清中的肝脏酶学 (ALT、LDH )、丙二醛 (MDA)和一氧化氮 (NO) ,以及血浆内皮素 (ET)水平 ,并取肝组织作常规病理学检查 ,比较各组有无差异。结果　各移植组供肝冷保存时间及无肝期均接近 ,分别为 (2± 0 .5 )h和 (15± 3 )min ;B、D组术后 6h全部存活 ,存活率 10 0 % ;C组术后 6h存活 5只 ,存活率 62 .5 %。与C组比较 ,D组ALT、LDH、MDA、ET明显降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,NO明显升高 (P<0 .0 5 )。C组肝脏病理学检查发现有明显的组织学损害 ,而B、D组肝脏组织结构基本完好。结论　肝移植可造成肝窦内皮细胞明显损害 ,血清NO和血浆ET水平可较好地反映肝窦内皮细胞的功能状态。PGE1通过稳定血流动力学和稳定肝窦内皮细胞质膜 ,可减轻移植肝肝窦内皮细胞的损害。     

肝窦内皮细胞的结构及其功能

肝窦内皮细胞是肝脏非实质细胞的主要细胞群，由肝窦内皮细胞构成的肝窦壁是全身毛细血管壁中唯一缺乏基膜的毛细血管窗孔，足肝窦内皮细胞最具特征性的结构。肝窦内皮细胞在调节肝窦血流与周围组织的物质交换中起有效的中枢性的作用，因此肝窦内皮细胞对于维持正常的肝功能起十分重要的作用。同时肝窦内皮细胞在肝脏的生理病理过程中发挥着诸多的重要功能。     

肝脏低温保存时肝窦内皮细胞损伤的研究

利用低温灌注技术，电镜技术和生化检测技术，对低温保存人肝脏肝窦内皮细胞的损伤进行了研究。结果显示：低温保存时不仅肝实质细胞受到损伤，而且肝窦内皮细胞发生更严重的损伤，随着保存时间延长，嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶（ＰＮＰ）逐渐升高。秀射电镜和扫描电镜显示：人肝脏低温保存后，肝窦内皮细胞可出现变性肿胀，肝窦内大泡形成，随着保存延长，肝窦内皮细胞出现变性坏死导致肝窦阻塞。肝窦内皮细胞损伤后可导致肝脏微循环系统连续     

切应力对大鼠肝窦内皮细胞分泌功能的影响

目的了解不同切应力下肝窦内皮细胞分泌肝细胞生长因子（HGF）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、-氧化氮（N0）及-氧化氮合成酶（NOS）的分泌量，探讨切应力对原代培养的大鼠肝窦内皮细胞分泌功能的影响。方法构建血流动力学模型。实验分为对照组（切应力为0 dyn／cm^2）和实验组2组。实验组又按切应力不同分为12、24和48dyn／cm^2 3个亚组。每组分别在4、8、12及24h抽取1ml培养基，利用试剂盒检测培养基中HGF、IL-6、NO和NOS浓度。结果在不同切应力下，肝窦内皮细胞分泌HGF、IL-6、NO和NOS各不相同，在同一时相随着切应力的升高。HGF、IL-6、NO和NOS的分泌量也升高，实验组明显高于对照组（P〈0．01），且48dyn／cm^2组明显高于另两个亚组（P〈0．01）；实验组作用8、12、24h时，HGF、IL-6、No及NOS分泌量明显高于作用4h时。结论体外实验证实，切应力升高时肝窦内皮细胞分泌HGF、IL-6、NO和NOS的量明显增加，提示部分肝切除术后门静脉压力急剧升高能促使肝窦内皮细胞活化。分泌大量促肝细胞再生的细胞因子和介质。     

Separation, culture and identification of SD rat corpus cavernosal endothelial cells

The aim of the study is to investigate the methods of separation, culture and identification of Sprague Dawley (SD) rat corpus cavernosal vascular endothelial cells (CCECs). Cavernosal tissues were isolated from male SD rats. Enzymatic digestion was applied to separate CCECs. Purified cells were obtained using immunomagnetic beads and flow cytometric cell sorting and subcultured in EMG-2 medium. The growth curve of CCECs was measured by the tetrazolium salt 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The cells were identified by von Willebrand factor (vWF) using immunofluorescence, and the positive percentage of vWF expression was detected by flow cytometry. The monomorphic cobblestone-like cells were observed by microscopy. High purification was obtained using immunomagnetic beads. After 2 days of incubation, cells entered the logarithmic growth phase and reached a plateau on the fifth day. The vWF expression in cytoplasm was positive. The purity of cells was 95.8%, which was tested by flow cytometry. SD rat CCECs can be separated and cultured successfully by the method of enzymatic digestion, immunomagnetic beads and flow cytometric cell sorting.     

腺苷A2型受体在肝窦内皮细胞一氧化氮生成中的作用

目的研究腺苷A2型受体在肝窦内皮细胞(HSECs)一氧化氮生成中的作用。方法分别将腺苷、腺苷A1型受体激动剂R鄄PIA和腺苷A2型受体激动剂CGS21680与原代培养的HSEC共培养20min、40min、60min后,用RT鄄PCR测定HSECeNOSmRNA的表达,并测定HSEC内一氧化氮(NO)含量的变化。结果与对照组相比,腺苷和CGS21680都能促使HSEC内eNOSmRNA表达增加,提高HSEC内NO含量(P<0.05),而R鄄PIA却无此作用(P>0.05)。结论HSEC通过腺苷A2型受体的兴奋作用产生大量NO。     

VEGF基因体外转染大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的实验研究

目的:探讨脂质体介导血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)基因转染大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCS)应用于基因治疗的可行性、安全性。方法:体外分离、培养、鉴定MSCs,PcDNA3.1(-)/VEGF165质粒转染MSCs,转染后用免疫荧光和ELISA检测MSCs表达VEGF蛋白的情况,MTT检测MSCs对VEGF质粒转染的敏感性。结果:骨髓中分离得到MSCs,流式细胞检测显示MSCs不表达CD34和CD45,但表达CD90。透射电镜观察可见细胞浆中含大量粗面内质网和分泌颗粒。VEGF基因转染MSCs后第5天抗VEGF免疫荧光染色约90%的MSCs呈阳性,ELISA检测结果显示PcDNA3.1(-)/VEGF165质粒转染组细胞培养上清液中VEGF含量明显高于对照组,并于转染后第5天达到峰值。MTT检测结果显示VEGF质粒转染对MSCs增殖无影响。结论:MSC可作为VEGF基因转染的靶细胞用于基因治疗。     

Glycerol suppresses proliferation of rat hepatocytes and human HepG2 cells

BACKGROUND: In fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), the ability of surviving hepatocytes to proliferate is diminished. Therefore, it is important that medical therapy cause no further impairment of liver regeneration. In FHF, intracranial hypertension secondary to brain edema is the most common cause of brain injury and death and glycerol is used in some countries to treat this complication. Glycerol has been long known to suppress the growth of various cell types. We therefore decided to examine the effect of glycerol on hepatocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo in rats subjected to partial (2/3) hepatectomy. Additionally, we investigated the effect of glycerol on the proliferation of HepG2 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mitogen-induced primary rat hepatocytes were cultured in a hormonally defined Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing increasing amounts of glycerol (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0%). HepG2 cells were cultured in minimal essential medium/10% FBS. After 2 days, HepG2 cells were exposed to glycerol (1.0-2.0-4.0%) and harvested after 48 h. Control dishes contained no glycerol. Cell proliferation was measured by the incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine and/or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). In vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to standard partial 2/3 hepatectomy and assigned to intraportal administration of either 400 microl of glycerol or saline. Rats were killed after 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days. Liver weight/body weight ratio and BrdU uptake were measured. RESULTS: In all cultures tested, glycerol suppressed the growth of cells in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, a single intraportal dose of glycerol slowed the liver regenerative response. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that glycerol has a potent growth-inhibitory effect on hepatocyte proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Remarkably, glycerol inhibited the proliferation of liver cancer cells as well. The results of this study have important clinical implications.     

肝星状细胞对大鼠肝部分切除术后肝再生修复的影响

目的 探讨肝星状细胞（hepatic stellate cells,HSCs）在大鼠肝部分切除术后对肝损伤修复的影响.方法 体外实验部分：将大鼠肝星状细胞（HSCs）与大鼠肝细胞系（BRL-3A）共培养,CCK-8比色法检测细胞增殖情况;ELISA法检测培养肝星状细胞上清液中细胞因子,即肝细胞生长因子（hepatic growth factor,HGF）、胰岛素样生长因子（insulin growth factor,IGF）、表皮细胞生长因子（epidermal growth factor,EGF）、转化生长因子-α（transfactor growth factor-α,TGF-α）含量.体内实验部分;将45只260 ～330 g健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为三组：正常组（生理盐水组）、对照组（肝星状细胞培养液组）、实验组（肝星状细胞培养上清液组）.各组分别于肝大部切除术后第3、7、12天取血清检测肝功能情况并计算肝再生指数;HE染色切片显微镜下观察肝脏病理结构改变情况;免疫组织化学染色法检测增殖细胞核抗原（proliferating cell nucleus antigen,PCNA）、平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA）、甲胎蛋白（a1pha feta1 protein,AFP）及白蛋白（albumin,ALB）的表达情况.结果 ①CCK-8法检测肝星状细胞能促进肝细胞增殖（P＜0.05）;②上清液较培养液中细胞因子HGF、TGF-α含量多,差别有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）;③实验组肝再生指数比对照组大,差别具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;④实验组大鼠AST随着时间的推移,较对照组下降明显,差别有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;⑤实验组PCNA表达量较正常组、对照组增多,差别有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）;⑥平滑肌肌动蛋白、白蛋白、甲胎蛋白三组间差别不显著（P＞ 0.05）.结论 ①体外肝星状细胞能促进肝细胞增殖;②肝星状细胞培养上清液能促进大鼠肝部分切除术后肝再生,其分泌的多种细胞因子在肝损伤再生修复中起了重要作用.     

生长因子缓释微球的制备及其对内皮细胞的影响

目的:制备碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)可降解缓释微球,考察其生物活性的保存情况及它们对内皮细胞的作用。方法:采用改良的乳化冷凝法交联制备复合bFGF、VEGF的明胶缓释微球,将它们加入内皮细胞的培养液中,用细胞计数法、四甲基偶氮唑盐微量反应比色法(MTT法)测定细胞增殖情况。结果:复合bFGF、VEGF的缓释微球平均粒径(11.32±3.64)μm;培养1天后各组细胞计数、吸光度(A)值差异均无显著性;5天后两种生长因子缓释微球组细胞计数、吸光度(A)值明显高于对照组;7天后两种生长因子缓释微球组值仍高于其它组。结论:复合bFGF、VEGF的缓释微球制备工艺简便,具有良好的缓释活性能较长时间地持续释放活性bFGF、VEGF,可明显促进内皮细胞的增殖。     

Synergistic effect of estrogen and VEGF on the proliferation of hemangioma vascular endothelial cells

Purpose

The aim of this study was to observe the influences of estradiol (E₂), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and 4OH-tamoxifen (TAM) on the proliferation of hemangioma vascular endothelial cells (HVECs).

Methods

Two strawberry hemangiomas with positive estrogen receptor staining from 2 infants (cases 1 & 2) were used for HVECs culture. The HVECs of passage 3 were cultured in estrogen-free improved minimum essential medium and divided into 5 groups based on different treatments: group 1, no treatment; group 2, treated with E₂; group 3, treated with VEGF; group 4, treated with both E₂ and VEGF; group 5, treated with E₂, VEGF, and TAM. Cell count (CC) and DNA proliferation index (PI) were determined on culture days 0, 3, 6, and 9.

Results

On day 9 in case 1, CC and PI were the following: in group 1, 1.15 ± 0.18 × 10⁵ mL and 19.96% ± 1.45%, respectively, presenting no statistically significant changes; in group 2, 1.38 and 1.61 times those of group 1, respectively (P < .01); in group 3, 2.10 and 1.61 times those of group 2, respectively (P < .01); in group 4, 1.62 and 1.40 times as high as with group 3, respectively (P < .01); in group 5, down to the levels of group 1. The results in case 2 were similar to those in case 1.

Conclusions

In vitro, the promoting effect of VEGF on HVECs proliferation is stronger than that of estrogen. Estrogen and VEGF enhance this proliferation in a synergistic fashion, which can be inhibited by tamoxifen.     

血管内皮生长因子在原发性肾小球肾炎患者肾组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨几种常见病理类型的原发性肾小球肾炎（PGN）患者肾组织中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测PGN患者81例及正常对照组10例肾组织中Ⅵ1GF的水平,并对VEGF水平与各项临床指标进行相关性分析。结果所有PGN患者肾组织中VEGF表达均较对照组增强;与血尿素氮及肌酐水平呈正相关（r=0．267,r=0．278,P〈0．05）;与24h尿蛋白定量无相关性（r=0．201,P〉0．05）。结论PGN患者肾组织中VEGF表达增强,可能在PGN患者肾功能进展过程中起作用,与蛋白尿的关系还需进一步深入研究。     

兔骨髓单个核细胞体外向内皮细胞诱导的实验研究

[目的]研究兔骨髓单个核细胞(marrowmononuclearcells,MNCs)向内皮方向诱导的简捷有效方法,进行科学的计量分析并观察体外传代培养条件下的主要生物学特点。[方法]梯度离心分离兔MNCs,直接诱导培养,以每106个MNCs收获第1、2代内皮细胞的数量计量内皮细胞的收获效率;传代培养,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态及生长特点,免疫组化及内皮细胞功能鉴定。[结果]以1×106/cm2的密度接种MNCs,经7~8d培养可收获第1代内皮细胞;第1、2代内皮细胞的收获总量和MNCs的收获量呈显著的正相关,每106个MNCs平均可收获第1代内皮细胞约(7·086±0·75)×104个,平均收获第2代细胞(53·20±6·47)×104个。诱导的内皮细胞为铺路石样,呈单层生长,第2代细胞CD31、八因子相关抗原免疫组化均为阳性,摄取低密度脂蛋白和结合凝集素实验均阳性。[结论]以1×106/cm2的MNCs接种密度,收获第1、2代内皮细胞所需时间较短,收获效率高,在体外培养条件下生物学特性稳定,有望作为骨组织工程血管化的种子细胞。     

Up-regulation of hepatocyte growth factor caused by an over-expression of transforming growth factor beta, in the rat model of fulminant hepatic failure

BACKGROUND: The role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), a potent regulator of cellular growth, was investigated in the rat model of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rat FHF model was created by a combination of a 68% partial hepatectomy (PH) and 7% of necrosis (each n = 25 in Groups 1, 2 and 3). Adenovirus mediated gene transfer of mature human TGF-beta1 gene was performed by the systemic injection of AxCAhTGFb1 (1 x 10(9) pfu) in Group 1, 3 days before FHF. In control Groups 2 and 3, recombinant lacZ adenovirus (AxCAlacZ, Group 2) and normal saline (1 ml, Group 3) were used, instead of AxCAhTGFb1. RESULTS: An excessive expression of TGF-beta1 in Group 1 resulted in an inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation (24-48 h after FHF) and gaining of liver weight (24-48 h), increased expression of HGF in liver tissue (24 h), and decreased expression of TGF-alpha (24 h), compared to those in control Groups 2 and 3. Serum IL-6 levels were also elevated by a TGF-beta1 over-expression at 24 hrs after FHF in Group 1. CONCLUSIONS: The forced expression of TGF-beta1 in the FHF liver yields both a secondary increase of HGF production and a suppression of liver regeneration, which might explain the mechanism of increased serum HGF observed in a clinical FHF. TGF-beta1 is thus thought to have an important role in inhibiting liver regeneration after FHF.