神经内窥镜辅助微血管减压治疗面肌痉挛

目的探讨在神经内窥镜辅助下对原发性面肌痉挛病人行微血管减压术的疗效和优点.方法我院1999年4月～2001年10月间采用枕下乙状窦后入路,在神经内窥镜的辅助下对16例原发性面肌痉挛病人行微血管减压术.结果 16例病人术后症状均消失;无听力障碍,面瘫和脑脊液漏等并发症;随访1年无复发.结论神经内窥镜辅助下的微血管减压术能清晰显示神经血管的解剖关系,可减少对脑干、各颅神经的牵拉和重要血管的损伤,对提高手术疗效、减少复发率和术后并发症有重要价值.     

神经内镜在面肌痉挛微血管减压术中的应用研究

目的 探讨神经内镜在显微血管减压术(MVD)治疗面肌痉挛(HFS)的应用价值.方法 济宁市第一人民医院神经外二科自2006年12月至2009年12月应用神经内窥镜辅助下MVD治疗HFS患者118例,回顾性分析患者的临床资料和疗效.结果 术中单纯经显微镜下发现责任血管的共106例(89.83%),其中有7例患者在神经内镜辅助下再次发现其它责任血管压迫;8例(6.78%)在显微镜下未见明显血管压迫,但经神经内镜发现有责任血管的存在.显微镜下减压完成后再用神经内镜观察,发现Teflon棉片未减压完全,需再次调整的17例(14.41%);术后102例(86.44%)痉挛立即消失,11例(9.32%)逐渐消失,3例(2.54%)部分缓解,2例(1.70%)无明显减轻,轻度复发.无脑脊液漏、偏瘫、死亡等严重并发症发生.结论 神经内窥镜辅助下的MVD能清晰显示神经血管的解剖关系,减少对脑干、各颅神经的牵拉和重要血管的损伤,对提高手术疗效、减少复发率和术后并发症有重要价值.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the value ofneuroendoscope in microvascular decompression for treatment of primary hemifacial spasm. Methods One hundred and eighteen patients with hemifacial spasm, admitted to our hospital from December 2006 to December 2009, underwent endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach; their clinical data and treatment efficacy were retrospectively analyzed. Results The offending vessels were found in 106 patients (89.83%) under microscope, of which 7 (5.93%) were again found other offending vessels under neuroendoscope. Eight patients (6.78%) were noted as no significant vascular compression under microscope, but the offending vessels of these patients existed under endoscope. Seventeen patients performed decompression with Teflon cotton under microscope needed modification when they were checked under endoscope. The symptoms of 102 patients (86.44%) disappeared immediately after the operation; 11 (9.32%) disappeared gradually; 3 (2.54%) had partial remission and 2 (1.70%) had no significantly remission. No serious complications, including cerebrospinal leakage, paralysis and death, were noted. Conclusion Endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression, by improving the observation of the anatomic neurovascular relation, decreasing the damage to the brain stem, nerves and important vessels, can improve the surgical treatment, and reduce the recurrence rate and postoperative complications.     

微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的疗效分析

目的 探讨微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛266例患者的疗效和术后并发症的分析.方法 回顾性分析采用微血管减压术治疗的266例原发性面肌痉挛患者的基本资料、术中情况、术后疗效以及术后并发症.结果 对266例患者进行平均2.2年的随访(最短13个月,最长2.5年),术后有效率为88.7％,其中8例患者在术后6个月症状消失,2例患者在术后1年左右症状消失.266例患者中出现永久性听力障碍26例,而术后曾出现面瘫、展神经麻痹和脑脊液漏这些并发症的患者,在术后的随访中上述并发症均得到治愈.其次术中提示责任动脉有椎动脉参与的43例患者中,术后出现听力障碍比例较大,而治疗效果也相对欠佳.结论 微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的疗效确切,术后听力障碍为主要的并发症,对责任动脉的仔细操作和分离可以提高手术有效率并降低术后并发症发生的几率.     

Hearing outcomes following microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm

Purpose

Facial nerve microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS) provides relief to most patients. Due to the proximity of the cochlear and facial nerves, hearing loss is a potential MVD complication, however, there is a wide range in the reported incidence of hearing loss (HL) in the literature. In order to better understand the HL incidence in our MVD population, we utilized the combination of speech discrimination scores (SDS) and air and bone pure tone threshold averages (PTA) to identify patients with no hearing change, sensorineural hearing loss, or conductive hearing loss. We also assessed the predictive value of patient-reported hearing deficits on the ultimate audiometric diagnosis of hearing loss.

Methods

One hundred and fifty one patients underwent facial nerve MVD at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center between January 2000 and December 2007. Peri-operative audiometric data, including changes in air and bone pure tone thresholds and speech discrimination scores, were analyzed retrospectively. Criteria from the 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium consensus were used to analyze post-operative hearing loss. Patient-reported hearing disturbances obtained in the immediate post-operative period were compared to seven-day post-operative conductive and sensorineural HL status.

Results

Non-functional, non-serviceable HL (Class D) occurred in 6.6% of patients, while 10.6% developed cumulative non-functional HL (Class C and D). Twenty-nine patients (18.7%) exhibited conductive HL. While patient-reported complaints were predictive of Class C/D HL (<0.0001) with a 56.3% sensitivity and 92.6% specificity, patient-reported complaints were not strongly associated with conductive HL status (p = 0.369) with 17.2% sensitivity and 88.5% specificity.

Conclusions

Perioperative hearing evaluations, in conjunction with careful scrutiny of patient complaints and air-bone pure tone testing enables the physician to more precisely quote complication rates and rapidly distinguish potentially reversible conductive hearing pathologies from permanent sensorineural disorders.     

面肌痉挛微血管减压术的学习曲线

目的探讨面肌痉挛微血管减压(MVD)手术技术达到熟练的学习曲线规律,为更好开展这类手术提供参考.方法回顾性分析第一作者主刀的我院面肌痉挛微血管减压手术从初期到成熟不同阶段的前200例临床资料,以每40例作为一个学习曲线阶段,比较5个阶段手术病例在显微操作时间、手术疗效和并发症发生率的差异. 结果 5个阶段手术病例在年龄、性别和病程上均无明显差别(P>0.05).早期80例MVD手术显微镜下操作平均时间为108 (108±29) min,后期120例镜下操作平均时间缩短为65(65±25) min, t=11.17,P<0.001);早期手术并发症发生率为12.5%,后期下降至8.3%;而手术满意疗效则从早期的75%大辐上升至后期的90%(χ2=8.0357,P<0.01). 结论面肌痉挛微血管减压手术的前80例为学习阶段,此阶段内施行手术应在经验丰富的上级医师指导下进行,才能保证手术的高效和最低限度并发症的发生.     

微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的手术技术

微血管减压术(microvascular decompression, MVD)是目前治疗面肌痉挛(hemifacial spasm, HFS)最有效的方法,也是唯一一种针对病因的治疗手段.由于血管压迫情况在不同患者之间差异很大,因此微血管减压治疗HFS的手术难度和手术疗效在不同患者中也明显不同.了解MVD的原则和掌握规范的手术操作技术能够显著提高手术疗效和降低手术并发症.这里介绍新华医院神经外科在采用MVD治疗HFS时的主要原则和手术技术.     

Intra-operative neurophysiology during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm

There is evidence that primary hemifacial spasm (HFS) in the majority of patients is related to a vascular compression of the facial nerve at its root exit zone (REZ). As a consequence, the hyperexcitability of facial nerve generates spasms of the facial muscles. Microvascular decompression (MVD) of the facial nerve near its REZ has been established as an effective treatment of HFS. Intra-operative disappearance of abnormal muscle responses (lateral spread) elicited by stimulating one of the facial nerve branches has been used as a method to predict MVD effectiveness. Other neurophysiologic techniques, such as facial F-wave, blink reflex and facial corticobulbar motor evoked potentials (FCoMEP), are feasible to intra-operatively study changes in excitability of the facial nerve and its nucleus during MVDs. Intra-operative neuromonitoring with the mentioned techniques allows a better understanding of HFS pathophysiology and helps to optimise the MVD.     

微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的预后因素分析

目的 探讨影响面肌痉挛微血管减压术的预后因素.方法 回顾性分析2009年6月至2010年10月间我科收治的852例面肌痉挛患者的临床资料、术中所见、电生理监测及疗效情况.通过Logistic回归模型分析影响面肌痉挛患者手术的预后因素.结果 分析结果表明,患者病程长短(P=0.034)、术中发现明确的责任血管(P=0.029)、面神经表面有血管压迹(P=0.000)以及术后异常肌反应(AMR)完全消失(P=0.013)是影响面肌痉挛术后完全缓解的独立预后因素.结论 面神经微血管减压术中应全程探查面神经,寻找是否有神经压迹,对责任血管的准确判断及电生理监测是提高手术疗效的关键.     

面肌痉挛显微血管减压术后迟发性面瘫

目的 探讨面肌痉挛显微血管减压术(MVD)后迟发性面瘫的病因、治疗及预后.方法 随访我院同一个术者自2007年1月至2009年11月行MVD治疗的415例面肌痉挛患者中术后出现迟发性面瘫者,研究面瘫的发生时间、持续时间及预后情况.结果 415例患者中20例术后出现迟发性面瘫,发病率4.8%.面瘫发生时间为术后5～14 d(平均10.7 d),持续时间为14～150 d(平均49.7 d);不论是否经过治疗,所有出现迟发性面瘫的患者均能够临床治愈.结论 MVD术后迟发性面瘫并不少见,发病原因尚不明确,可能与疱疹病毒感染有关,具有临床自愈性,预后佳.     

显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛51例临床分析

目的 探讨显微血管减压术治疗特发性面肌痉挛疗效.方法 回顾分析显微血管减压术治疗51例面肌痉挛的临床资料,术中确认责任血管并减压.结果 本组均能见到面神经出脑干处有动脉血管压迫,其中AICA26例(51.0%),PICA16例(31.3%),VA4例(7.8%),复合型5例(9.8%).43例(84.4%)术后症状完全缓解,8例术后减轻(15.6%).其中4例(7.8%)3周内停止抽搐,3例(5.8%)3月后抽搐停止,1例(2%)一直未完全缓解.随访1年以上,复发1例(2.0%).结论 显微血管减压是面肌痉挛的首选方法,术中确认责任血管,充分减压和防止副损伤是手术成功的关键.     

Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm

We aimed to determine the reliability of (i) intraoperative monitoring by stimulated electromyography (EMG) of the facial nerve to predict the completeness of microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS), and (ii) brainstem auditory-evoked potential (BAEP) to predict postoperative hearing disturbance. We conducted a prospective study of 36 patients who received MVD for HFS. We confirmed the disappearance of an abnormal muscle response in the facial nerve EMG to predict the completeness of MVD, and performed BAEP monitoring to predict postoperative hearing disturbance. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of facial nerve EMG and BAEP monitoring were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of facial nerve EMG were 0.97, 1.0 and 0.97, respectively, and that for BAEP monitoring were 1.0, 0.94 and 0.94 respectively. There was one false positive result for facial nerve EMG, and two false positive results for BAEP monitoring. No false negative result was encountered for either EMG or BAEP monitoring. Facial nerve EMG correctly predicted whether MVD was successful in 35 out of 36 patients, and BAEP correctly predicted whether there was postoperative hearing disturbance in 34 out of 36 patients. Intraoperative facial nerve EMG provides a real-time indicator of successful MVD during an operation while BAEP monitoring may provide an early warning of hearing disturbance after MVD.     

面肌痉挛微血管减压再手术病例的选择与疗效

目的探讨微血管减压(microvascular decompression,MVD)手术治疗面肌痉挛手术失败或复发再手术病例的选择和疗效。方法 2001年11月至2010年5月期间,在首次手术失败或复发的面肌痉挛患者中,根据其要求手术的愿望,结合术前影像学和首次手术录像、记录等资料综合判断后,选择了8例首次手术失败和20例术后复发患者进行MVD再手术治疗。结果经过平均34月的随访,仅1例患者术后症状无明显改善。其余27例(96.4%)患者术后症状缓解程度达75%以上,其中21例(75.0%)术后症状完全消失。24例(85.7%)患者术后自我疗效评价达到"优"和"良"。所有患者术后无严重病残和死亡发生,仅一例术后发生HBS 3级面瘫。结论选择合适的病人、恰当的手术时机、耐心仔细的显微操作,是面肌痉挛微血管减压再手术取得良好疗效的保证。     

88例面肌痉挛显微血管减压术临床研究

目的 探讨微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的临床疗效。方法 2017年12月至2018年11月期间本院神经外科收治的面肌痉挛患者88例,均采用微血管减压术治疗,术中采用脑干听觉诱发电位监测。术后随访1年,统计临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果 88例患者中,49例（56.0%）即刻治愈;32例（36.0%）延迟愈合;4例（5%）未愈;3例（3%）复发;本组总有效率为92.05%（81/88）。术后并发症发生率为11.36%（10/88）。结论 微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的临床疗效确切。术中应注意小脑保护、责任血管的成功判断、减压材料的大小与放置方式,同时严密缝合硬膜。     

神经内镜在面神经显微血管减压术中的应用

目的 探讨单纯神经内镜显微血管减压术的可行性和技术要点.方法 回顾性分析我科2008年12月至2010年12月收治的50例面肌痉挛患者,其中45例采取单纯内镜手术,5例采用内镜辅助显微手术.结果 随访期间内镜49例临床症状完全缓解,1例减轻,无小脑梗死及水肿病例,无颅内感染及出血等严重并发症.内镜手术有2例止血困难而在显微镜下完成止血过程.结论 神经内镜可以抵近观察,能够避免责任血管的遗漏,疗效确切.还具有对小脑牵拉小、术后并发症少的优点.单纯神经内镜手术能够完成显微血管减压术,该技术经过专业培训能够熟练掌握,值得临床推广.     

肌电图监测在面肌痉挛微血管减压术中的应用

目的 探讨面肌肌电图监测在面肌痉挛微血管减压术（MVD）中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析MVD治疗的72例面肌痉挛患者的临床资料,术中仔细辨别并处理责任血管,通过实时记录面肌的肌电反应了解减压效果。结果 60例有明确责任血管压迫,6例单纯性蛛网膜粘连或增厚,6例存在隐匿性责任血管。术后异常肌电图波形完全消失54例,基本消失16例,无明显变化2例。术后临床症状完全消失57例,部分消失14例,无改善1例;总有效率为98.6%（71/72）。结论 面肌肌电图监测可实时了解术中减压效果,对面肌痉挛的MVD,尤其是隐匿性责任血管所致面肌痉挛具有重要的指导作用。     

面肌痉挛患者微血管减压术后听力情况临床分析

目的研究微血管减压术对患者听力的影响,探讨听力受损的原因及其相关因素。方法回顾性研究102名面肌痉挛患者围手术期听力情况,同时使用t检验、χ2检验和多元Logistic回归分析患者术后听力减退的相关因素。结果术后电测听结果显示:24名(23.5%)患者纯音听阈均值降低大于5dB,其中:手术侧13耳,非手术侧12耳。统计学研究发现,术后患者是否出现纯音听阈降低,与患者责任血管有关(P0.05)。结论微血管减压术术前及术后应常规做双耳电测听检查。微血管减压术后PTA降低是由多种因素造成的。对于多根责任血管共同压迫的HFS患者,术者应尤其注意。     

88例面肌痉挛显微血管减压术临床研究

目的探讨微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的临床疗效。方法 2017年12月至2018年11月期间本院神经外科收治的面肌痉挛患者88例,均采用微血管减压术治疗,术中采用脑干听觉诱发电位监测。术后随访1年,统计临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果 88例患者中,49例(56.0%)即刻治愈;32例(36.0%)延迟愈合;4例(5%)未愈;3例(3%)复发;本组总有效率为92.05%(81/88)。术后并发症发生率为11.36%(10/88)。结论微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的临床疗效确切。术中应注意小脑保护、责任血管的成功判断、减压材料的大小与放置方式,同时严密缝合硬膜。     

微血管减压术后复发和无效的面肌痉挛患者的再手术治疗

目的探讨面肌痉挛微血管减压术后复发或无效病例再手术治疗的安全性及效果。方法对32例微血管减压术后复发的面肌痉挛患者进行术前评估,并再次行手术治疗。分析术后复发的原因,观察再次手术后的疗效。结果再次手术后31例患者治愈,其中28例患者即刻恢复,3例患者延迟恢复;1例患者抽搐未消失。术后早期出现面肌瘫痪者9例、耳鸣5例,2个月内均恢复,1例患者发生永久性听力障碍。术中见,首次手术放置的Teflon棉巨大致密,直接压迫面神经根部17例;责任血管遗漏4例;减压不充分11例。结论再次手术前对复发病例进行安全性评估,选择合适的病例进行再次手术是可行的;再次手术的疗效确切,但手术难度较大。责任血管的遗漏及减压不当是导致复发的主要原因。     

面肌痉挛微血管减压术的远期疗效分析

目的探讨影响微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛远期疗效的因素及提高疗效的方法。方法分析253例随访13～144个月(平均73个月)的资料。结果痉挛消失232例(91.7%),痉挛部分缓解10例(4%),痉挛复发11例(4.3%)。痉挛复发者再手术时发现遗漏压迫血管、减压材料移动是造成手术失败及复发的原因。结论采用微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛,不遗漏面神经根附近的责任血管,是提高远期疗效的重要环节。     

乙状窦后入路微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛

目的探讨面肌痉挛病因及微血管减压术对面肌痉挛的治疗效果。方法126例面肌痉挛患者全部在局麻下行乙状窦后入路面神经根微血管减压术。结果126例患者术中均发现面神经根部有血管压迫．其中小脑前下动脉及其分支51例．小脑后下动脉及其分支38例．椎动脉23例．多根小动脉14例。85例患者术后面肌痉挛即停止．28例于术后7～30天内面肌痉挛停止,8例30～90天内面肌痉挛停止．5例3～6个月内面肌痉挛停止。随访108例,随访时间1～4年。2例于术后16个月复发,2例术后18个月复发。本组无死亡病例。结论面肌痉挛是由于面神经根受血管压迫所致．乙状窦后入路面神经根微血管减压术是治疗面肌痉挛安全有效的方法。