大连市儿童青少年体重指数分布状况

目的探讨大连市儿童青少年体重指数的分布特征,为预防儿童青少年的超重、肥胖提供相关依据。方法整群抽取大连市区1635名儿童青少年进行身高和体重测量。按照中国肥胖问题工作组（WGOC）推荐的“中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查BMI值分类标准”诊断超重与肥胖。结果大连市儿童青少年体重指数随着年龄的增加而增加,年龄越大BMI值越大;男生不同年龄、女生不同年龄BMI值之间差异有统计学意义;对同一年龄不同性别儿童青少年BMI值进行Z检验,结果表明除7岁、9岁年龄组外,其他年龄段男女生BMI值之间差异均有统计学意义,且男生BMI值均高于女生;不同年龄男生肥胖率变化趋势无明显的规律性,女生肥胖率在9岁后逐年下降,而超重率在10岁后却逐年上升。结论应重视儿童青少年超重、肥胖的预防工作。     

西安市城区2009年7~18岁儿童、青少年超重和肥胖流行病学调查

【目的】 了解西安市城区儿童、青少年超重和肥胖的发病情况。 【方法】 随机整群抽取西安市城区7~18岁中小学生13 994人,采用体质指数(body mass index,BMI)诊断超重和肥胖。采用三次样条对西安市7~18岁儿童青少年体重、身高和BMI百分位数进行拟合,将身高,体重P₅₀,及BMI的P₈₅、P₉₅百分位数值与2005年中国全国标准进行比较。 【结果】 西安市城区7~18岁中小学生超重总发病率为10.42%,男生和女生分别为11.85%和8.83%;肥胖总发病率为4.67%,男生和女生分别为4.92%和4.40%。男生身高P₅₀值在10~15岁(除12岁)比全国标准稍低,男女体重和女生身高P₅₀中位数与全国数值基本接近;男生BMI的P₈₅、P₉₅数值与2005年全国水平基本接近;女生P₈₅和P₉₅值在14岁以前与全国水平基本接近,15岁后有所减低。 【结论】 西安市中小学肥胖发病率在17年间增加了一倍,制定预防儿童超重和肥胖的有效措施势在必行。     

Health behaviours in children and youth based on perception own's proportions of body

The aim of this work is analyse perceptions, intentions and actions related with own proportions of body conections with assessment to actual weight and height proportions (BMI) children and youth from Polkowice. Material examination includes measurement from research conducted in autumn of 2008 of Polkowice (Lower Silesia). Refine material includes measurement and survey 816 pupils (362 boys and 454 girls) aged 10 - 15 of primary schools and secondary school. Body height and weight were measured and calculated on the basis of Body Mass Index (BMI). According to the international standards--cut off points for overweight and obesity by Cole et al. (2000). Estimate the frequency of overweight and obesity among the examined population. Some information about self-body proportions and activities undertaken to change them was obtained from a survey titled Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). The frequency of overweight among the examined population is more common by boys (17.7%) than by girls (12.8%). Obesity was observed among 4.7% of boys and 4.4% of girls. In the group of children and youth with overweight 42.2% boys and 67.2% girls correctly describes to actual weight and height proportions. Among the children and young people classified as overweight 88.9% boys and 75% girls perceived themselves as "too fat". Among the respondents with overweight and obesity 67.9% boys and 85.9% have declared trying to lose weight. The most popular methods used to regulating body weight are physical exercises and low-calories diet. Girls in comparing to boys they more often declare for lowering the body weight. The most popular method used to accomplish this aim is physical activity. One should explain to pupils of the appropriate body mass for the health and acquaint objective methods of estimation of the weight and height proportions and safe methods of their regulation.     

义乌市城区学龄儿童性发育现状分析

目的 了解义乌市城区学龄儿童性发育现状,比较义乌地区与全国水平的差异。方法 于2016年9-10月分层整群抽取义乌市城区2所小学学龄儿童共1 026名(男578名,女448名),按照统一标准测量其身高、体重、腰围和臀围等。青春期发育指标为女童乳房发育和男童睾丸发育Tanner分期。结果 1)女童9岁组乳房发育到达B2期占18%,B3期及以上达11.5%;男童10岁组睾丸开始发育达8.9%,G3期及以上达1.1%;2)男童超重及肥胖分别占16.1%和13.0%,女童超重及肥胖分别占7.2%和12.6%;3)男童睾丸容积与年龄、身高、体重、BMI、腰围均呈正相关,与年龄相关性最强;4)男童和女童各年龄段超重组及肥胖组开始青春发育比例均高于正常组。结论 义乌市城区学龄儿童性发育水平高于全国平均水平,应引起重视。     

不同方法评价乌鲁木齐市新市区儿童青少年超重和肥胖及其体成分差异

目的 分析乌鲁木齐市新市区6~15岁儿童青少年体成分的发育规律及其在超重肥胖儿童青少年间的差异;探讨体重指数(BMI)及体脂两种方法评定超重肥胖的不同,对早期发现儿童青少年超重肥胖及制定改善措施提供参考。方法 2019年1月纳入乌鲁木齐市儿童青少年907人;采用儿童青少年体成分分析仪测量体成分、计算BMI-Z分值;超重肥胖评定参考WS/T586-2018。结果 6~15岁儿童青少年除男生体脂率外,男女生各体成分指标随年龄变化均存在线性趋势(P<0.05),BMI-Z评分男生高于女生(P<0.05);男生体脂百分比随年龄增长呈先上升后下降变化,女生在11岁时体脂百分比(BFP)超过男生(P<0.05)。BMI及BFP评价超重率及肥胖率分别为11.5%和9.0%、14.1%和20.5%;其中BMI正常组有7.6%和3.1%的少儿BFP评定为超重和肥胖;在BMI超重组有49.5%的少儿BFP评定为肥胖。各体成分在超重与肥胖组均高于正常组(P<0.05)。结论 儿童青少年体成分随年龄增长而增加且有性别及年龄差异;不同方法评定超重肥胖率略有不同,提示BMI评定肥胖标准易低估体脂胖肥儿童青少年;其超重和肥胖组各体成分均高于正常组。     

Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Denmark

AIM: To study the current prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Denmark from 1995 to 2000-2002. METHODS: Cross-sectional national dietary surveys were conducted in 1995 and 2000-2002. The analysis was based on two random population samples from the Danish civil registration system. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported height and weight for 1,026 and 1,152 children and adolescents (4-18 years), who participated in 1995 and 2000-2002, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was defined according to the international age and gender-specific child BMI cut-off points. In the statistical analysis, overweight and obesity were included in the prevalence of overweight. RESULTS: Mean BMI increased significantly between 1995 and 2000-2002 for all combinations of age groups (4-6, 7-10, 11-14 and 15-18 years) and genders. Prevalence of overweight increased between survey years for boys and girls for all age groups (4-6, 7-10, 11-14 and 15-18 years), although formal statistical significance was not reached (p>0.05). When all children and adolescents (4-18 years) were analysed, the prevalence of overweight rose significantly from 10.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.0-12.8) to 14.4% (95% CI 12.5-16.3) between 1995 and 2000- 2002 (p=0.01), whereas the increase in the prevalence of obesity did not reach significance (1995, 2.3% (95% CI 1.3-3.3) vs. 2000-2002, 2.4% (95% CI 1.6-3.3); p=0.74). CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed a significant increase from 1995 to 2000-2002 in mean BMI for boys and girls for all age groups and a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight when all Danish children and adolescents (4-18 years) were analysed.     

Overweight and obesity in Portuguese children and adolescents

The objective of this study is to obtain reliable data from recent studies concerned with obesity and its determinants in Portuguese children and adolescents. We searched in Medline/PubMed published data on overweight and obesity in Portuguese children and adolescents; search terms included “Portugal”, “overweight”, “obesity”, “children” and “adolescents”. We also conducted limited hand-searching of additional studies from PhD theses and other academic theses that addressed overweight or obesity in children and adolescents. Studies that considered body mass index based on self-reported weight and height were excluded. We identified 15 studies that reported overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Portugal, but 1 study was excluded because it included self-reported weight and height. The International Task Force Recommendation (IOTF) using Cole cut-offs was the most used criterion to estimate overweight and obesity, followed by the age- and sex-specific BMI reference percentiles developed by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The range of ages in these studies was between 2 and 15 years. There were some variations in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among studies and different regions. In children between 3 and 5 years of age, one study reported that overweight reached 13.6% in boys and 20.4% in girls, and obesity varied between 6.5% and 6.9%, respectively, in boys and girls. Between 6 and 10 years of age (using the IOTF definition), in boys, the prevalence of overweight varied from 14.7 to 30.5% and obesity from 5.3 to 13.2%; in girls, overweight values ranged from 16.5 to 29.1% and obesity from 6.4 to 12.6%. One study evaluated only adolescents that were born in 1990 (ages varied between 13 and 14 years) and reported both prevalences of overweight and obesity; the applied method was CDC criteria; in boys, the percentage of overweight was 16.9%, and obesity prevalence was 11.3%; in girls, overweight was 16.0% and the percentage of obese was 9.2%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portuguese children and adolescents may be considered as alarming, and early intervention to prevent obesity is needed.     

广东省2002-2012年6~17岁儿童青少年超重/肥胖变化趋势分析

目的 分析2002-2012年广东省6～17岁儿童青少年超重/肥胖的流行状况及其变化趋势。方法 2002年营养调查采用多阶段分层与整群随机抽样方法,在全省抽取13个监测点共7 075名6～17岁儿童青少年进行调查。2009-2012年的广东省居民营养调查采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在广东省9区/县城乡调查点抽取2 319名6～17岁儿童青少年,进行身高和体重测量。结果 2009-2012年广东省6～17岁儿童青少年平均超重率和肥胖率分别为7.3%和4.5%,男生超重率和肥胖率（8.9%和6.5%）均高于女生（5.3%和2.2%）,城市超重率和肥胖率（9.3%和5.6%）均高于农村（4.7%和3.2%）;以9～11岁组超重率（8.8%）和肥胖率（6.0%）最高。与2002年比较,除城市女生肥胖率下降外,城市男生、农村男生和女生的超重率和肥胖率均明显上升,其中农村超重和肥胖增幅高于城市,男生增幅高于女生。结论 广东省6～17岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖率较2002年有较大上升,其中农村、男生和9～11岁超重/肥胖比例较高,应重点关注。     

宝鸡市区7～18岁儿童青少年生长发育及营养状况调查分析

目的 研究宝鸡市区7～18岁儿童青少年生长发育及营养现况,为改善中小学生生长发育和营养状况提供科学依据。方法 随机抽取宝鸡市区7～18岁27 114名儿童青少年,测量身高和体重,计算体重指数(BMI)。依据2009年九省/市数据制定的标准评估营养情况。结果 除10~至12~岁,男生身高显著高于女生(P<0.05);各年龄段男生体重均显著高于女生(P<0.05);除15~、16~岁,各年龄段男生BMI值显著高于女生(P<0.05)。男生14岁、女生12岁后身高显著高于全国水平,而10岁前全国水平高于本地男、女生身高(P<0.05);男生10岁后、女生各年龄段体重均显著高于全国水平(P<0.05);各年龄段男、女生BMI均值显著高于全国水平(P<0.05)。生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦、超重和肥胖的检出率分别为2.6%、1.5%、9.1%、13.7%和8.5%,男生检出率均显著高于女生(P<0.05)。各学龄组间生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦和肥胖检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 宝鸡市区儿童青少年存在营养双重负担,超重/肥胖率高于营养不良1.6倍,应有针对性的防控。     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish school children, using four different definitions

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish children using four different weight-for-height methods and to examine secular trends from previous national data. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. Weight and height were measured according to standard procedures and used to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity using four weight-for-height methods of assessment, actual relative weight, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention body mass index (BMI) for age charts for boys and girls, the BMI reference curves for the UK 1990 and the International Obesity Task Force age- and sex-specific BMI cutoffs. SETTING: The survey was carried out between 2003 and 2004 in the Republic of Ireland. SUBJECTS: Random representative sample of 596 children aged 5-12 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish children is high, but varies considerably with each method. The prevalence of obesity in boys ranged from 4.1 to 11.2 % and in girls from 9.3 to 16.3%. Between 1990 and 2005, depending on the method used, there was a two-to-fourfold increase in obesity in children aged 8-12 years. CONCLUSION: It is evident given the variation displayed in the prevalence of obesity when using the different methods, that there is a discernible need for a single definition to identify the obese child in Ireland. The findings show a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish school children and the increase in the prevalence of obesity over the last 15 years highlights this growing public health issue.     

乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族和汉族7～18岁人群体重指数分类标准比较

目的探讨使用偏度-中位数-变异系数法（LMS法）建立并比较乌鲁木齐市7～18岁维吾尔族（维族）和汉族青少年超重、肥胖的体重指数（BMI）分类标准。方法采用分层整群抽样方法，调查新疆乌鲁木齐市7～18岁维、汉族中小学生9146人，绘制两民族7～18岁青少年年龄别、性别BMI百分位曲线，确定18岁时分别通过国际肥胖工作组（IOTF）和中国肥胖问题工作组（WGOC）成年人超重、肥胖标准的特殊百分位数曲线，由此获得两民族7～18岁人群超重和肥胖的界值标准。结果18岁时通过25及30kg／m^2的百分位曲线：维族男生为P94.46和P99.58，维族女生为P92.44和P99.64，汉族男生为P85.05和P97.26，汉族女生为P90.92和P99.03；通过24及28kg／m^2的百分位曲线维族男生为P90.54和P98.86，维族女生为P86.96和P98.77，汉族男生为P78.98和P94.72，汉族女生为P86.15和P97.56。结论BMI分布具有民族特异性；对维族青少年超重、肥胖筛检时建议参考使用该研究标准。     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in a national representative sample of Greek children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Greek school age children and adolescents. DESIGN: Nationwide representative survey. SETTING: Primary and secondary schools all over Greece. SUBJECTS: In all, 6448 students (50.4% boys, 49.6% girls) 6-17 years old. METHOD: A nationwide multistage procedure was followed to obtain a representative sample of youths. Body mass and height were measured by trained personnel. Data were collected between October 1990 and May 1991. RESULTS: According to the 12-month-International Obesity Task Force cutoff values, the overall prevalence of overweight was 17.3% (16.9% for boys, 17.6% for girls). The rate of obesity was 3.6% (3.8% for boys, 3.3% for girls). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was decreasing with age in girls (6-9 years: 23.2 and 6.7%, respectively, 10-17 years: 14.8 and 1.6%, respectively). In boys, the prevalence of overweight was higher in 10-17 years (19.3 and 2.7%, for the rate of overweight and obesity, respectively) than in 6-9 years (12.1 and 5.9%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Greek children and adolescents is comparable to that reported for most European countries.     

The epidemiology of overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents, 1995-97

OBJECTIVES: To determine the population prevalence of overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents, based on measured body mass index (BMI). To determine if overweight and obesity are distributed differentially across the population of young Australians. METHODS: Data from three independent surveys were analysed. In each, height and weight were measured by trained surveyors using valid, comparable methods. BMI (kg/m2) was used as the index of adiposity and recently published international BMI cut-off values used to categorise each subject as non-overweight, overweight or obese. RESULTS: The population prevalence and distribution of overweight, obesity and overweight/obesity combined were generally consistent across datasets. The ranges of the prevalence of non-overweight, overweight, obesity and overweight/obesity combined were 79-81%, 14-16%, 5% and 19-21% (boys) respectively and 76-79%, 16-18%, 5-6% and 21-24% (girls). There were no consistent relationships between the prevalence of overweight/obesity and sex, age or SES. Their prevalence was up to 4% higher in urban than rural areas among boys, but there were no differences between urban and rural girls. The data suggest a higher prevalence of overweight/ obesity among students from European or Middle-Eastern cultural backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS: Some 19-23% of Australian children and adolescents are either overweight or obese. Although urban/rural, SES and cultural background differentials were noted, only the last warrants a targeted health promotion response. IMPLICATIONS: Overweight/obesity is a prevalent health risk factor among Australian children and adolescents. More information is needed to understand whether targeted approaches are required for specific ethnic groups in addition to broad, population-based approaches.     

Factors associated with obesity among adolescents]

INTRODUCTION: Obesity during adolescence is considered a strong predictor of adult obesity. The present study assessed the overweight/obesity prevalence and associated factors in middle class adolescents of a school in the city of Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and evaluated the correlation between body mass index with anthropometric measures of fatness. METHOD: The analysis covered 391 students aged from 15 to 17 years. Adolescents had their weight, height, skinfold thickness and upper arm circumference measured at school. A food frequency questionnaire (list of 79 items) and a questionnaire including food habits, parents anthropometric characteristics, physical activity and other factors associated with obesity were filled out by the adolescents at school. RESULTS: The proportion of overweight individuals among boys (Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than the 90th percentile of the Brazilian population) was 23.9%, whereas the prevalence among girls was 7.2%. The fact of being on a slimming diet was a relevant factor for the prediction of BMI and was 7 times more frequent among girls than among boys. Among boys, being on a diet, absence of breakfast, and family body appearance were positively associated with BMI. Among girls these variables were also significantly associated, whereas age at menarche was negatively associated with BMI. Hours of watching TV/video/video-game was associated with BMI only among boys. The correlation coefficient between BMI and measures of fatness varied from 0.7 to 0.9 for boys, and from 0.8 to 0.90 for girls. CONCLUSIONS: BMI appears to be a good indicator of obesity among adolescents and showed that girls demonstrated an exaggerated preoccupation with body image and stereotyped slim body patterns.     

2016年四川省儿童青少年学生生长发育与营养状况分析

目的 描述并分析四川省儿童青少年学生的生长发育与营养状况。方法 采用多阶段随机整群抽样,抽取四川省12个城市的14772名7~18岁学生的学校体检数据进行了整理分析,按照《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查》评价生长迟缓、消瘦、超重及肥胖等学生营养状况。结果 四川省学生的身高、体重、BMI之间均随着年龄逐渐升高,各年龄段学生的平均身高、体重均低于全国平均身高。四川省儿童青少年营养不良检出率为10.11%,生长迟缓率、轻度消瘦、中重度消瘦检出率男生分别为2.33%、7.51%、3.12%,女生1.26%、4.32%、2.31%,男生高于女生。农村高于城市。营养过剩检出率为13.73%,超重、肥胖检出率男生高于女生,城市高于农村。且营养过剩检出率高于营养不良。结论 四川省儿童青少年平均身高、体重低于全国水平,其营养状况结果表明四川省儿童青少年学生特别是男生存在着消瘦与超重、肥胖的共存现象,这警醒在进行营养改善计划时,要防止营养过剩的发生。     

不同性别、年龄及营养状态儿童的人体成分分析

目的 探讨不同性别、年龄及营养状态儿童体成分的差异,为儿童健康评价提供线索。方法 选取2019年1—12月在深圳市妇幼保健院儿童健康科体检的儿童1 185例,年龄3~8岁。所有研究对象均进行身高、体重测量;应用多频生物电阻抗分析仪测量人体成分各指标;分析不同性别、年龄、营养状态与儿童体成分之间的关系。结果 男童的体重、BMI、去脂体重、身体水分及基础代谢率均高于女童,体脂率低于女童(t=2.94、5.05、5.21、4.67、2.88、5.27,P＜0.05);而身高和体脂含量在不同性别组间变化小,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。男、女童的体脂含量、去脂体重均随年龄增长而增加,而BMI随年龄增加呈现先降低后(至6~岁)增加的趋势(P＜0.05),按BMI变化趋势,儿童脂肪重聚年龄约5岁。男、女童体脂含量、体脂百分比、去脂体重、均随BMI增加而逐渐递增(男:F=33.28、29.81、33.02,女:F=28.57、13.38、24.55,P＜0.05)。PBF与BMI评价儿童超重和肥胖有较高的一致性(χ²=143.28、99.02,P＜0.05),但PBF的超重及肥胖检出率更高(P＜0.05)。结论 不同性别、年龄及营养状态儿童的人体成分存在明显差异,体成分对于儿童超重和肥胖的发生有较好的预警作用,是对儿童健康评价的有益补充。     

Percent body fat cutoff values for classifying overweight and obesity recommended by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) in Korean children

OBJECTIVE: To predict the percent body fat (%BF) cutoff values corresponding to overweight and obesity recommended by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) in Korean children and to compare those values with the published cutoff values in Caucasian children. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The sample consisted of 1083 Korean children and adolescents (555 boys and 528 girls) aged 7-18 years from 3 schools. Body mass index (BMI) and %BF using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer were measured. The classification of overweight and obesity was based on the age- and sex-specific BMI cutoff values of the IOTF guidelines. RESULTS: The predicted %BF cutoff values for overweight and obesity varied by age and sex: overweight, 17-22% in boys and 24-37% in girls; obesity, 24-30% in boys and 30-53% in girls. Those %BF cutoff values in older Korean boys tended to be lower than the published %BF cutoff values in Caucasian boys. While %BF cutoff values for overweight in Korean girls were similar to the values in Caucasian girls, %BF cutoff values for obesity in Korean girls aged 13-18 years were higher compared to cutoff values in Caucasian girls. CONCLUSION: The %BF values associated with the IOTF-recommended BMI cutoff values for overweight and obesity may require age- and sex-specific cutoff values in Korean children aged 7-18 years.     

青少年慢性心理社会应激与体质指数变化的关联研究

目的 评价青少年慢性心理社会应激暴露对BMI变化的影响。方法 2011年9月在江苏省徐州市区10所中学对初一和高一年级学生进行体格检查和问卷调查,收集社会人口学特征、青春期发育等级、父母肥胖程度和心理社会应激程度等信息,采用青少年多维生活事件多维评定问卷的编制和信效度检验(MLERQ)作为心理社会应激暴露测定,该量表包括家庭生活事件、学校生活事件、同伴关系、两性关系及健康成长5个维度,利用多元线性回归分析基线应激对随访BMI变化的影响,使用交互分析检验基线BMI和应激对BMI改变的交互作用。结果 基线调查共获得5 473(男性2 841,女性2 632)名中学生完整数据。2013年9月获取第二轮体格检查数据,队列研究共获得4 316(男性2 171,女性2 145)名学生完整数据,失访1 157人。 随访研究表明基线超重/肥胖的女性青少年基线应激总分和随访BMI-Z分增加呈正相关,且相关性在控制了年龄、青春发育等级、父母亲肥胖程度和社会经济状况等协变量后,差异仍具有统计学意义(P <0.01),男性无论在体重正常或超重/肥胖组,基线应激总分和随访BMI-Z分变化相关性的差异无统计学意义。结论 慢性心理社会应激暴露可导致青春期超重/肥胖女性BMI增加。提示女性超重/肥胖青少年为慢性心理社会应激致体重增加的易感人群。     

中国7个城市3~17岁儿童青少年体成分调查

目的描述3~17岁儿童青少年体成分(脂肪组织、非脂肪组织)的发育特征。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,分别抽取南方和北方共计7个城市,包括长春、北京、天津、济南、上海、银川、重庆的3~17岁城市汉族儿童青少年10867例。采用问卷调查收集研究对象基本信息,测量身高、体重,采用双能X线吸收法(DXA)测量身体脂肪组织质量、非脂肪组织质量等。计算BMI、体脂含量百分比(FMP)、脂肪质量指数(FMI)、非脂肪组织质量指数(FFMI)。采用SAS 9.4软件进行数据整理和逻辑核查,采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计学分析。结果共收集10867例3~17岁儿童青少年数据,其中男生5512人(50.7%)。男生FMP在10~15岁组随年龄增长迅速下降[β=-1.811(95%CI:-1.987^-1.635)],15岁以后变化不明显;女生FMP在3~7岁组随年龄增长呈下降趋势[β=-0.896(95%CI:-1.100^-0.691)],7~12岁变化不明显,12~15岁随年龄增长增速明显[β=0.989(95%CI:0.753~1.224)],15岁以后变化不明显。除9岁组和10岁组以外,女生FMP高于男生(均P<0.05)。男生FFMI在3~17岁各个年龄段均明显高于女生(均P<0.05),11岁以后,女生和男生的FFMI差异变大。男生和女生的FMI随年龄变化的生长曲线有交叉,略有随年龄增长而增加的趋势[男生:β=0.033(95%CI:0.018~0.048);女生:β=0.192(95%CI:0.181~0.204)]。脂肪重聚年龄肥胖组小于超重组和正常体重组;男生不同体重状态组BMI、FFMI随年龄变化情况类似;男生正常体重组FMI随年龄增长略有降低,一直保持在5 kg/m2以下,超重组[β=0.114(95%CI:0.091~0.136)]和肥胖组[β=0.211(95%CI:0.176~0.245)]的FMI有明显随年龄增长而增加的趋势;不同体重状态组男生FMP在10岁以后随年龄增长呈下降趋势[正常体重:β=-0.836(95%CI:-0.924^-0.748);超重:β=-1.090(95%CI:-1.269^-0.910);肥胖:β=-1.144(95%CI:-1.321^-0.967)];不同体重状态组女生的BMI、FFMI、FMI随年龄变化情况类似,在8岁以后呈现随年龄增长而上升的趋势[正常体重组:β=0.174(95%CI:0.165~0.182);超重组:β=0.325(95%CI:0.304~0.346);肥胖组:β=0.447(95%CI:0.406~0.488)];女生FMP的变化12岁以后随年龄增长呈明显增加的趋势[正常体重组:β=0.963(95%CI:0.851~1.074);超重组:β=0.910(95%CI:0.695~1.125);肥胖组:β=0.895(95%CI:0.569~1.221)]。总体上来看,BMI和FMI的相关性很强(男生:r=0.767;女生:r=0.873),不同体重状态儿童青少年BMI和FMI的r不同。结论儿童脂肪组织和非脂肪组织发育特征不同,且存在性别差异。BMI生长曲线和体脂肪的发育特征不完全一致,且存在性别差异,有必要对生长发育中的儿童进行更精准的体成分评估。     

An energy-dense diet is cross-sectionally associated with an increased risk of overweight in male children,but not in female children,male adolescents,or female adolescents in Japan: the Ryukyus Child Health Study

Epidemiologic evidence concerning the role of dietary energy density in increased body weight status during childhood and adolescence is limited, particularly in non-Western populations. We investigated the hypothesis that higher dietary energy density is associated with increasing risk of overweight in Japanese children and adolescents. This Japanese cross-sectional study included 15 974 children (6-11 years old; 7956 boys and 8018 girls) and 8202 adolescents (12-15 years old; 3944 boys and 4258 girls). Dietary intake was assessed using a self-administered diet history questionnaire for children and adolescents. Dietary energy density was calculated based on foods only (excluding beverages). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported body weight and height. Overweight (including obesity) was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force age- and sex-specific BMI cutoffs, which correspond to an adult BMI of at least 25 kg/m². The overall prevalence of overweight was 13.2%. Mean dietary energy density was 5.02 (standard deviation, 0.59) kJ/g. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, dietary energy density was positively associated with the risk of overweight in male children (P for trend = .048). No such associations were observed among female children, male adolescents, or female adolescents. In conclusion, this large cross-sectional study in Japan suggests that an energy-dense diet is associated with an increased risk of overweight in male children, but not in female children, male adolescents, or female adolescents.