帕瑞昔布钠对下肢手术后镇痛效果的影响

目的 观察帕瑞昔布钠对下肢手术后镇痛效果的影响.方法 45例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级全麻下行下肢矫形手术的患者随机分为三组,A组全麻诱导前静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,B组缝合伤口时静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,C组为对照组.三组患者于缝皮时开启皮下自控镇痛(PCSA)泵(100 ml溶液含芬太尼2.0 mg).记录苏醒后即刻(T1)、术后4 h(T2)、24 h(T3)、36 h(T4)的VAS评分,记录术后4 h及24 h内PCSA按压次数,术后24 h芬太尼用量,观察头晕、恶心呕吐发生率.结果 T1～T3时A、B组VAS评分均显著低于C组(P<0.05);T1、T2时A组VAS评分显著低于B组(P<0.05).A和B组术后24 h PCSA泵按压次数、芬太尼总量及术后恶心呕吐发生率显著低于C组(P<0.05).结论 下肢手术中使用帕瑞昔布钠具有良好的镇痛作用和超前镇痛作用.     

帕瑞昔布钠在骨关节术后多模式镇痛的安全性与疗效性分析

[目的]评价帕瑞昔布钠在骨关节术后多模式镇痛的疗效与安全性。[方法]90例择期行骨关节手术患者随机分为A组(帕瑞昔布钠联合芬太尼PCIA)和B组(芬太尼PCIA),A组61例中又分为A1组:静脉组30例(40 mg/次1次/12 h静滴)和A2组:肌注组31例(40 mg/次1次/12 h肌注);B组29例(芬太尼PCIA)。分别记录各组术后48 h内镇痛效果(VAS评分)、芬太尼用量及不良反应、PCA总按压次数和有效次数,进行统计分析。[结果]A组与B组比较,在VAS评分、芬太尼用量及不良反应、PCA总按压次数和有效次数差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组内,静脉组和肌注组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]帕瑞昔布钠联合PCA多模式镇痛在减少芬太尼用量的同时可显著缓解术后48 h内疼痛,减少不良反应发生率。     

帕瑞昔布钠用于肺叶切除术病人超前镇痛的效果

目的 评价帕瑞昔布钠用于肺叶切除术病人超前镇痛的效果.方法 择期行开胸肺叶切除术病人60例,性别不限,年龄20～64岁,体重50～80 kg,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为3组(n=20):对照组(C组)不给予帕瑞昔布钠;帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛组(A组)于术前20 min静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg;帕瑞昔布钠组(B组)于缝皮时静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg.术后行自控静脉镇痛(舒芬太尼2μg/kg和盐酸雷莫司琼0.6 mg加生理盐水至100 ml,镇痛泵负荷剂量10 ml,持续背景剂量2ml/h,PCA量0.5ml,锁定时间15 min),VAS评分＞3分时静脉注射曲马多1～2mg/kg.记录术后躁动发生情况,记录术后24h内镇痛泵按压次数、有效按压次数、舒芬太尼用量及补救用药使用情况.结果 与C组比较,A组和B组术后躁动发生率降低,术后24h内镇痛泵按压次数、有效按压次数、舒芬太尼消耗量和补救用药使用率降低(P＜0.05);与B组比较,A组术后24h内镇痛泵按压次数、有效按压次数、舒芬太尼消耗量和补救用药使用率降低(P＜0.05).结论 帕瑞昔布钠用于肺叶切除术病人具有超前镇痛作用,有助于降低麻醉恢复期并发症,产生阿片类镇痛药的节俭作用.     

帕瑞昔布钠对脊柱侧凸矫形术后芬太尼镇痛效果的影响

目的 观察帕瑞昔布纳对脊柱侧凸矫形术后芬太尼镇痛效果的影响.方法 择期行脊柱侧凸矫形术患者40例,随机均分为P、C两组.脊柱矫形内固定完成后,P组静注帕瑞昔布钠40mg或0.8 mg/kg,C组静注生理盐水2 ml.术毕均采用芬太尼自控静脉镇痛.记录术后2、6、12、24和48 h的VAS评分和PCA按压总次数、有效次数,术后12、24和48 h芬太尼用量和不良反应.结果 P组术后2、6、12和24 hVAS评分、PCA按压总次数和有效次数及术后12、24和48 h芬太尼用量均少于C组(P<0.05或P<0.01).两组不良反应的差异无统计学意义.结论 脊柱侧凸矫形术后应用帕瑞昔布钠可增强芬太尼镇痛效果,减少芬太尼用量.     

颅内肿瘤切除术病人帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛的效果

目的 评价颅内肿瘤切除术病人帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛的效果.方法 择期行幕上颅内肿瘤切除术病人60例,性别不限,年龄18～60岁,体重指数<30 kg/m~2,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为2组:生理盐水组(n=30)和帕瑞昔布钠组(n=30).麻醉诱导前生理盐水组和帕瑞昔布钠组分别经2 min 静脉注射生理盐水2ml或帕瑞昔布钠加mg.术后VAS评分≥3分时行病人自控静脉镇痛(PCLA),VAS评分<3分为镇痛有效,PCIA药物为芬太尼,若PCIA仍不能满足病人术后镇痛的需求,则静脉注射芬太尼或曲马多.记录术后24 h内PCIA按压次数、有效按压次数、芬太尼用量和补救用药使用情况;术后24 h时评价恶心呕吐程度和病人对镇痛的满意度.于帕瑞昔布钠给药前和给药后2 h时测定激活凝血时间(ACT)、凝血速率(CR)和血小板功能(PF).结果 与生理盐水组比较,帕瑞昔布钠组PCIA按压次数、有效按压次数、芬太尼用量、补救用药使用率和恶心呕吐程度降低,病人对镇痛满意度升高(P<0.05),ACT、CR和PF差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).帕瑞昔布钠组给药前后ACT、CR和PF比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 对于颅脑手术病人,麻醉诱导前给予帕瑞昔布钠可改善芬太尼PCIA的效果,产生超前镇痛作用.     

帕瑞昔布钠对妇科术后舒芬太尼PCA效果的影响

目的 探讨帕瑞昔布钠对妇科术后舒芬太尼镇痛效应的影响.方法 选择择期在腰-硬联合麻醉下行子宫全切或次全切除术的患者60例,随机均分为帕瑞昔布钠组(A组)和生理盐水组(B组).手术结束前30 min静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg(稀释成2 ml)或生理盐水2 ml,术毕即开始进行PCIA.术后入麻醉后恢复室观察至少30 min,PCIA期间持续监测患者SpO2、血压、脉搏等生命体征.采用VAS评估术后2,4,8,12,24,48 h两组患者疼痛程度;记录48 h舒芬太尼总用量,PCA总按压次数和有效按压次数,同时观察术后各时点患者Ramsay镇静评分以及恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制等不良反应.结果 与B组比较,A组术后各时点VAS降低、舒芬太尼总用量、PCA总按压次数和有效按压次数均减少(P＜0.05);两组Ramsay镇静评分、不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义.结论 静注帕瑞昔布钠用于妇科术后镇痛可以增强舒芬太尼PCA的镇痛效应.     

术后镇痛中帕瑞昔布钠对吗啡用量的节俭作用和安全性 前瞻性、多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、平行分组研究

目的评价术后镇痛中帕瑞昔布钠对吗啡用量的节俭作用和安全性。方法前瞻性、多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、平行分组研究,18～64岁、ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级、择期硬膜外腔阻滞下骨科和妇科手术病人,手术结束时,随机静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg或生理盐水2ml,12 h后再静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠加mg或生理盐水2 ml,同时采用吗啡进行病人自控静脉镇痛。观察术后吗啡的用量、病人自控镇痛(PCA)总次数和PCA有效次数、术后2、4、6、12和24 h的疼痛强度(VAS评分)、镇痛的补救措施、不良反应和病人对镇痛的满意度以及给药前后的生化指标和生命体征。结果共完成223例,其中采用帕瑞昔布钠114例,安慰剂109例。与安慰剂组相比,帕瑞昔布钠组术后12 h和24 h吗啡用量减少(分别平均减少40.9%和46.1%),术后12 h和24 h PCA总次数和PCA有效次数降低(P<0.05或0.01),术后4、6、12和24 h VAS评分降低,术后24 h满意度明显提高(P<0.01),而有关不良反应和化验结果异常发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在我国妇科和骨科手术后静脉给予帕瑞昔布钠40 mg bid可安全地减少术后吗啡用量,提高病人术后镇痛质量。     

地佐辛联合帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对直肠癌术后镇痛效果观察

为探讨地佐辛与帕瑞昔布钠联合应用能否有效提高超前镇痛的效果及减少其它阿片类镇痛药物的用量,减轻直肠癌患者术后的疼痛及不良反应,将行直肠癌根治术的患者120例随机分为3组,每组40例。第一组（P组）：手术结束前30min静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg;第二组（D组）：手术结束前30min静脉注射地佐辛5mg;第三组（PD组）：手术结束前30min静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg和地佐辛5mg,术后所有患者行静脉自控镇痛（PCA）治疗。观察患者术后疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）,PCA有效按压次数和首次肛门排气、排便时间,Ramsay镇静评分,恶心、呕吐发生率等指标。结果显示,PD组患者PCA有效按压次数显著少于P组和D组（P〈O．05）;PD组患者首次肛门排气、排便时间早于P组和D组（P〈0．05）。结果表明,直肠癌根治术采用地佐辛联合帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛加PCA治疗效果明确,可降低枸橼酸芬太尼的用量,患者胃肠功能恢复快。     

帕瑞昔布钠对肿瘤术后患者吗啡镇痛的影响

目的 评价帕瑞昔布钠不同方式给药对肿瘤患者术后吗啡镇痛的影响.方法 60例择期肿瘤手术患者随机分为三组,每组20例.A组切皮前15 min、术后12 h静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg;B组关腹时、术后12 h静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg;C组不用帕瑞昔布钠作为对照.三组术后均应用吗啡行患者自控镇痛(PCA).记录PACU(麻醉恢复室)停留期间、首次要求镇痛时间、术后2、4、12、24、48 h的VAS评分,48 h吗啡用量以及不良反应.结果 A组和B组术后2、4 h的VAS评分低于C组(P<0.05),A组术后12 h的VAS评分低于B、C组(P<0.05);A、B组患者在PACU要求镇痛人数较C组显著减少(P<0.05);A、B组患者首次需求镇痛时问较C组延长,而A组明显长于B组(P<0.05);与C组比较.A、B组术后48 h吗啡用量显著减少,且A组少于B组(P<0.05);三组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义.结论 在肿瘤患者术后镇痛中,帕瑞昔布钠能够在减少吗啡用量的基础上提供更好的镇痛效果,而且切皮前给药比关腹时给药更有优势.     

帕瑞昔布钠对腰椎间盘突出手术患者镇痛效果及术后血清炎性因子水平的影响

目的探讨帕瑞昔布钠对腰椎间盘突出症手术患者镇痛效果及术后血清炎性因子水平的影响。方法纳入2015年9月~2017年9月行后路腰椎椎间融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF)治疗的60例腰椎间盘突出症患者,按入院顺序随机分为帕瑞昔布钠组与对照组,所有患者均采用硬膜外麻醉,帕瑞昔布钠组患者术前静脉注射40 mg帕瑞昔布钠注射液,对照组患者静脉注射相同剂量的生理盐水。记录两组患者术后3、6、12 h镇痛泵的按压次数,进行术后1、6、24 h的VAS评分,检测术后1、3、6 d的血清IL-6、hs-CRP水平以及ESR等炎性指标。结果帕瑞昔布钠组术后3、6、12 h镇痛泵的按压次数均显著低于对照组(P0.05),术后1、6、24 h的VAS评分均显著低于对照组(P0.05),差异均有统计学意义;两组术后1、3 d的血清IL-6、hs-CRP水平以及ESR均显著高于术前,术后6 d帕瑞昔布钠组显著低于术前,术后6 d对照组与术前差异无统计学意义(P0.05),且各时间点帕瑞昔布钠组均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腰椎间盘突出症手术前静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠,能显著改善术后疼痛症状、减少镇痛泵的按压次数,改善术后炎症反应。     

Parecoxib sodium administered over several days reduces pain after gynecologic surgery via laparotomy

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the analgesic efficacy of a multidose, multiday regimen of intravenous (IV) parecoxib sodium (parecoxib). DESIGN: Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. SETTING: Postoperative recovery area and inpatient care facility. PATIENTS: 422 patients who had undergone gynecologic surgery via laparotomy participated (day 1), and 414 patients were randomized (day 2). INTERVENTIONS: After surgery on day 1, all patients received parecoxib 40 mg (IV), followed by 20 mg (IV) one to 12 hours later; patients were then randomized to receive parecoxib 20 mg (IV) twice daily (n = 211) or placebo (IV) twice daily (n = 203) on days 2 to 5. Patients were permitted rescue medication as needed. MEASUREMENTS: Primary efficacy measures were summed pain intensity through 24 hours (SPI-24) and Patient's Global Evaluation of Study Medication on days 2 and 3. MAIN RESULTS: In the parecoxib treatment group, 24-hour summed pain intensity scores were significantly lower than in the placebo treatment group (P < 0.001) on days 2 and 3. More patients in the parecoxib treatment group rated their treatment as "excellent" or "good" using the Patient's Global Evaluation of Study Medication (P < 0.001) on days 2 and 3. Patients treated with parecoxib had lower pain intensity and consumed less rescue medication compared with the placebo-treated patients. CONCLUSION: Multidose parecoxib was well tolerated over several days and provided improved pain control after gynecologic surgery.     

帕瑞昔布钠复合舒芬太尼用于胸科术后患者静脉自控镇痛的观察

目的 观察帕瑞昔布钠对胸科术后患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)中舒芬太尼用量及镇痛效果的影响和安全性评价.方法 选择择期全麻下行开胸手术的患者40例,采用随机、双盲、对照研究,患者分为帕瑞昔布钠组(P组)和对照组(C组),P组在麻醉诱导时和诱导后12 h分别静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,C组给予等量生理盐水.术毕待患者清醒拔除气管导管后接镇痛泵.观察术后6、24、48 h舒芬太尼的用量、PCA按压总次数和有效次数.术后6 h(T<,1>)、24 h(T<,2>)、48 h(T<,3>)活动时VAS评分,记录不良反应及对镇痛效果的满意度.结果 与C组相比,T<,1>～T<,3>时P组显著减少了舒芬太尼的用量,T<,2>、T<,3>时PCA按压总次数和有效次数显著降低(P<0.01);T<,1>～T<,3>时P组运动时VAS评分显著降低(P<0.01).T<,3>时P组镇痛满意度为90%,明显高于C组的75%(P<0.05).结论 帕瑞昔布钠复合舒芬太尼用于胸科术后PCIA的镇痛效果优于单纯舒芬太尼,同时安全有效地减少术后镇痛泵中舒芬太尼的用量,提高患者术后镇痛质量.     

帕瑞昔布用于妇科腹腔镜术后镇痛的观察

目的：观察围术期应用帕瑞昔布对妇科腹腔镜术后疼痛的影响。 方法：前瞻性、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照不,平行分组研究,选择ASA,Ⅰ或Ⅱ级的择期全麻下行妇科腹腔镜手术病人40例,年龄25－45岁,随机分为帕瑞普布组和安慰剂组,每组20列,帕瑞普布组于切皮前10min、切皮后12h分别静注帕瑞普布40mg,安慰剂组于切皮前10min,切皮后12h和24h分别静注生理盐水5ml,用视觉模拟评分法（Visual Analogue Scaie ;VAS）观察术后2h 、4h、 6h、 12h、 24h的疼痛度和病人对镇痛的落单度。结果：与安慰剂组相比,帕瑞普布组的术后2h 、4h、 6h、 12h和24h的VAS评分明显降低（P〈0.05）,手术后24h镇痛满意度明显提高（P〈0.05）。结论：静注帕瑞普布用于妇科腹腔镜手术,能有效缓解术后疼痛,提主病人术后镇痛质量。     

帕瑞昔布钠用于颈椎前路手术后镇痛的临床观察

目的 探讨帕瑞昔布钠在颈椎前路手术后镇痛的效果及安全性.方法 选择全身麻醉下骨科颈椎前路手术后患者60例,随机分为3组（每组20例）：A1组（帕瑞昔布钠40 mg静脉推注,q12 h×6次＋自控静脉镇痛泵组）,A2组（帕瑞昔布钠40 mg静脉推注,q 12 h×6次）,B组（单用自控静脉镇痛泵）.记录术后1、6、12、24、48、72 h的VAS疼痛评分和吗啡用量,观察不良反应率.结果 A1、A2组术后72 h内VAS评分和不良反应发生率均优于B组;A1组吗啡使用量少于B组（P〈0.05）;A1与A2组术后72 h内VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但A2组的不良反应发生率低于A1组（P〈0.05）.结论 帕瑞昔布钠具有高效和安全的镇痛特性,对于颈椎前路手术后患者镇痛效果良好.     

Effect of parecoxib,a novel intravenous cyclooxygenase type-2 inhibitor,on the postoperative opioid requirement and quality of pain control

BACKGROUND: The analgesic efficacy and side effect profile of intravenous parecoxib, a novel cyclooxygenase type-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, was assessed in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study involving patients undergoing major gynecologic surgical procedures. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, 60 consenting women, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III, undergoing lower abdominal surgery with a standardized general anesthetic technique were randomly assigned to receive one of three study medications: group 1 (control) received normal saline; group 2 received intravenous parecoxib, 20 mg; and group 3 received intravenous parecoxib, 40 mg. The initial dose of study medication was administered when the patient first requested pain medication after surgery. All patients had access to patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with intravenous morphine, 1 or 2 mg, with a 6-min lockout period. Subsequent doses of the same study medication were administered at 12-h and 24-h intervals after the initial dose. The postoperative opioid analgesic requirement (PCA morphine usage), pain scores, pain relief scores, side effects, and need for supplemental medications (e.g., antiemetics, antipruritics, laxatives) were recorded. RESULTS: Compared with saline, intravenous parecoxib, 20 mg and 40 mg every 12 h, significantly decreased the PCA morphine usage during the first 6 h postoperatively (group 1, 25 +/- 13 mg; group 2, 16 +/- 11 mg; group 3, 17 +/- 10 mg) and at 12 h (group 1, 34 +/- 18 mg; group 2, 24 +/- 14 mg; group 3, 23 +/- 13 mg) and 24 h (group 1, 51 +/- 27 mg; group 2, 34 +/- 20 mg; group 3, 33 +/- 21 mg) after surgery. However, there were no significant differences in the patients' global evaluation of the study medications at 12 h and 24 h between those who received intravenous parecoxib (20 or 40 mg) and saline. Moreover, the postoperative pain scores and side effect profiles were similar in the three treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Intravenous parecoxib (20 or 40 mg) was effective in decreasing the PCA opioid requirement after lower abdominal surgical procedures. However, it failed to improve pain management or reduce opioid-related side effects in the early postoperative period.     

Effect of Parecoxib, A Novel Intravenous Cyclooxygenase Type-2 Inhibitor, on the Postoperative Opioid Requirement and Quality of Pain Control

Background: The analgesic efficacy and side effect profile of intravenous parecoxib, a novel cyclooxygenase type-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, was assessed in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study involving patients undergoing major gynecologic surgical procedures.

Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, 60 consenting women, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III, undergoing lower abdominal surgery with a standardized general anesthetic technique were randomly assigned to receive one of three study medications: group 1 (control) received normal saline; group 2 received intravenous parecoxib, 20 mg; and group 3 received intravenous parecoxib, 40 mg. The initial dose of study medication was administered when the patient first requested pain medication after surgery. All patients had access to patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with intravenous morphine, 1 or 2 mg, with a 6-min lockout period. Subsequent doses of the same study medication were administered at 12-h and 24-h intervals after the initial dose. The postoperative opioid analgesic requirement (PCA morphine usage), pain scores, pain relief scores, side effects, and need for supplemental medications (e.g., antiemetics, antipruritics, laxatives) were recorded.

Results: Compared with saline, intravenous parecoxib, 20 mg and 40 mg every 12 h, significantly decreased the PCA morphine usage during the first 6 h postoperatively (group 1, 25 +/- 13 mg; group 2, 16 +/- 11 mg; group 3, 17 +/- 10 mg) and at 12 h (group 1, 34 +/- 18 mg; group 2, 24 +/- 14 mg; group 3, 23 +/- 13 mg) and 24 h (group 1, 51 +/- 27 mg; group 2, 34 +/- 20 mg; group 3, 33 +/- 21 mg) after surgery. However, there were no significant differences in the patients' global evaluation of the study medications at 12 h and 24 h between those who received intravenous parecoxib (20 or 40 mg) and saline. Moreover, the postoperative pain scores and side effect profiles were similar in the three treatment groups.     

帕瑞昔布钠对腰椎手术患者舒芬太尼术后镇痛效果的影响

目的:观察帕瑞昔布钠对腰椎手术患者舒芬太尼术后镇痛效果的影响.方法:择期行腰椎手术的患者40例,随机分为帕瑞昔布钠组和对照组.两组术中采用相同的麻醉方法.帕瑞昔布钠组术前和第1次给药后12 h静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,对照组则静注2 ml生理盐水.术后均采用舒芬太尼自控镇痛.观察术后48 h内的视觉模拟评分(VAS评分...     

Postoperative modulation of central nervous system prostaglandin E2 by cyclooxygenase inhibitors after vascular surgery

BACKGROUND: The clinical availability of injectable cyclooxygenase inhibitors allows examination of the importance of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 after surgery. The authors hypothesize that spinal prostaglandin E2 increases with lower extremity vascular surgery and that spinal prostaglandin E2 decreases with intravenous postsurgical administration of either a mixed cyclooxygenase 1/2 inhibitor (ketorolac) or a cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibitor (parecoxib). METHODS: Thirty patients undergoing elective lower extremity revascularization under continuous spinal anesthesia had cerebrospinal fluid obtained at baseline and then up to 6 h after the start of surgery. Four hours after surgical incision, patients were randomized to receive intravenous parecoxib 40 mg, ketorolac 30 mg, or preservative-free normal saline. Patients were administered intravenous fentanyl in the postanesthesia care unit and acetaminophen/oxycodone on the surgical ward to control pain. RESULTS: Cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandin E2 concentrations were increased during and after surgery. After surgery, intravenous parecoxib 40 mg rapidly decreased cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandin E2, and intravenous ketorolac 30 mg also reduced cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandin E2 compared with placebo, but not as much as parecoxib. Postanesthesia care unit pain scores were reduced in the two drug groups compared with placebo, and surgical ward pain scores were also decreased for both drug groups, especially with parecoxib. No patient receiving parecoxib required postoperative intravenous fentanyl. Acetaminophen/oxycodone consumption was reduced in both drug groups compared with placebo, more so with parecoxib. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandin E2 is elevated in patients after lower extremity vascular surgery. Postsurgical intravenous administration of the cyclooxygenase 1/2 inhibitor ketorolac, and especially the cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor parecoxib, reduces cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandin E2 concentration and postoperative pain.     

Postoperative Modulation of Central Nervous System Prostaglandin E2 by Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors after Vascular Surgery

Background: The clinical availability of injectable cyclooxygenase inhibitors allows examination of the importance of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 after surgery. The authors hypothesize that spinal prostaglandin E2 increases with lower extremity vascular surgery and that spinal prostaglandin E2 decreases with intravenous postsurgical administration of either a mixed cyclooxygenase 1/2 inhibitor (ketorolac) or a cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibitor (parecoxib).

Methods: Thirty patients undergoing elective lower extremity revascularization under continuous spinal anesthesia had cerebrospinal fluid obtained at baseline and then up to 6 h after the start of surgery. Four hours after surgical incision, patients were randomized to receive intravenous parecoxib 40 mg, ketorolac 30 mg, or preservative-free normal saline. Patients were administered intravenous fentanyl in the postanesthesia care unit and acetaminophen/oxycodone on the surgical ward to control pain.

Results: Cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandin E2 concentrations were increased during and after surgery. After surgery, intravenous parecoxib 40 mg rapidly decreased cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandin E2, and intravenous ketorolac 30 mg also reduced cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandin E2 compared with placebo, but not as much as parecoxib. Postanesthesia care unit pain scores were reduced in the two drug groups compared with placebo, and surgical ward pain scores were also decreased for both drug groups, especially with parecoxib. No patient receiving parecoxib required postoperative intravenous fentanyl. Acetaminophen/oxycodone consumption was reduced in both drug groups compared with placebo, more so with parecoxib.