布托啡诺与芬太尼联合用于术后病人自控静脉镇痛

目的比较布托啡诺、芬太尼、布托啡诺联合芬太尼用于术后病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的临床效果。方法90例ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级的腹部或下肢手术的全麻病人,随机均分为布托啡诺组(B组)、芬太尼组(F组)、布托啡诺联合芬太尼组(BF组),术毕按三种方案实行PCIA。在PCIA开始后4、8、12、24、48h观察并记录镇痛、镇静效果、病人自控镇痛(PCA)给药次数、监测数据及不良反应情况。结果三组PCIA方案均能达到良好的镇痛和镇静目的,但12h内B组的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)高于F和BF组(P<0.01),4h内F组、4~8h之间B组需要更多的PCA给药次数。BF组不仅镇痛、镇静效果满意,恶心、呕吐和头晕的发生率也较低。结论布托啡诺与芬太尼联合应用是一种较理想的术后镇痛方法。     

布托啡诺硬膜外术后镇痛对胃肠动力的影响

阿片受体激动拮抗药布托啡诺主要激动κ受体发挥镇痛作用,对μ受体有弱拮抗作用,用作硬膜外术后镇痛对胃肠道功能影响文献报道不多.本研究观察并比较布托啡诺与吗啡用作胆囊切除术后硬膜外镇痛对病人胃肠道功能恢复的影响,选择更有利于病人术后恢复的镇痛药配方.[第一段]     

布托啡诺、芬太尼用于胸外科术后病人自控静脉镇痛的对比研究

目的探讨布托啡诺用于胸外科术后病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的效果和安全性。方法70例胸外科全麻术后病人随机均分为布托啡诺组(B组)和芬太尼组(F组),分别使用布托啡诺或芬太尼进行PCIA。记录术后0、4、8、12、24、36 h各时点的VAS、镇静评分、PCA次数、并发症和病人的满意度等。结果两组各时点VAS和0 h镇静评分差异无统计学意义;B组4、8、12、243、6 h各时点镇静评分均显著高于F组(P<0.05);两组PCA按压次数差异无统计学意义;两组并发症发生率均较低,差异无统计学意义;B组病人对PCIA满意率高于F组(P<0.05)。结论布托啡诺用于胸外科术后PCIA安全有效。     

硬膜外泵入布托啡诺复合小剂量氯胺酮用于妇科患者术后镇痛

目的 观察术后硬膜外持续泵人布托啡诺复合小剂量氯胺酮用于妇科患者术后的镇痛效果.方法 60例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级在腰-硬联合麻醉下行腹式子宫切除的妇科患者术后随机均分为两组,A组为观察组,用布托啡诺0.1 mg/kg 氯胺酮1 mg/kg 生理盐水至100 ml持续泵人;B组为对照组,用布托啡诺0.1 mg/kg 生理盐水至100 ml持续泵入.观察患者术后各时间段的视觉模拟镇痛评分(VAS)、Ramsay镇静评分及对术后镇痛的满意度进行评估,并观察不良反应情况.结果 A组在给药后4 h的VAS低于B组(P<0.05);B组在给药后4、8和12 h的Ramsay镇静评分高于A组(P<0.05),但是两组的评分均在镇静满意的范围.结论 硬膜外持续泵入布托啡诺0.1mg/kg对于妇科术后患者能提供安全有效的镇痛,同时复合小剂量的氯胺酮能增强其镇痛效果,不增加其不良反应的发生.     

酒石酸布托啡诺在隆乳术后镇痛中的应用

目的:观察酒石酸布托啡诺用于隆乳术后镇痛的效果。方法:选择术后短期留院观察,行硅胶假体隆乳手术的患者90例,ASA I～I I级。静脉复合气管插管麻醉手术后,随机将要求镇痛的患者分为芬太尼自控镇痛F组、酒石酸布托啡诺自控镇痛B组,开始自控静脉镇痛;拒绝实施术后镇痛的患者作为对照C组,观察患者术后24h内镇痛评分及不良反应的发生情况。结果:酒石酸布托啡诺自控镇痛B组与芬太尼自控镇痛F组镇痛效果显著。B组患者术后疼痛评分明显低于对照组;不良反应发生率依次为:B组相似文献   

布托啡诺静脉镇痛对断指再植成活的影响

断指再植手术术中要求麻醉平稳,术后镇痛完善.防止患指血管痉挛,减少再植后血管危象的发生,是确保再植指成活的重要因素.2003～2006年期间我院采用布托啡诺术后静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)对再植指成活率的观察,取得了良好效果.     

布托啡诺在术后镇痛的应用

目的观察布托啡诺用于术后镇痛的效果。方法105例硬膜外麻醉术后患者随机均分为芬太尼镇痛组（Ⅰ组）,曲马多镇痛组（Ⅱ组）和布托啡诺镇痛组（Ⅲ组）,比较术后镇痛效果和副作用。结果三组均获得了满意的术后镇痛效果。其中Ⅰ组术后4h VAS和术后24h D1／D2值分别小于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05）。头痛头晕Ⅱ组多于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05）。排尿困难Ⅲ组少于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05）。OAA／S评分Ⅲ组分别大于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论布托啡诺在下腹部和下肢手术是一种有效术后镇痛药物,副作用较少,但嗜睡副作用应引起高度重视。     

比较布托啡诺、芬太尼及芬太尼联合曲马多用于老年患者术后镇痛的临床效果

目的研究布托啡诺用于老年患者术后静脉镇痛的疗效及不良反应。方法60例择期行上腹部手术的老年患者,随机均分为布托啡诺组(B组)、芬太尼组(F组)及芬太尼联合曲马多组(FT组),分别接受持续静脉镇痛。记录并比较术后48h内疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Ramsay镇静评分及不良反应。结果三组术后镇痛效果VAS组内比较差异无统计学意义。但术后6hF组和B组的VAS明显低于FT组(P<0.05);术后12h,B组的VAS仍低于FT组(P<0.05)。B组术后0.5、6、12h Ramsay镇静评分明显高于F组(P<0.05)。B组恶心呕吐发生率明显低于FT组(P<0.05)。结论布托啡诺可用于老年患者术后静脉镇痛。     

布托啡诺用于剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛

我们探讨了布托啡诺用于剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)效果和不良反应,现报道如下。资料与方法一般资料选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级剖宫产患者100例,年龄20~42岁,体重60~91kg。术前无恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒及药物过敏史,排除心、脑、肾功能不全者。需PCEA患者随机均分为A、B、C、D、E五组。麻     

不同剂量布托啡诺对胃癌根治术后患者静脉自控镇痛效能的比较

目的观察不同剂量的布托啡诺对胃癌根治术后患者静脉自控镇痛效能的比较。方法选择行胃癌根治的患者232例,ASA为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。将232例患者随机分为布托啡诺静脉自控镇痛组和对照组,每组均为29例。其中布托啡诺组分为6个小组,分别是布托啡诺浓度为0.004%、0.005%、0.006%、0.007%、0.008%和0.009%的A1、A2、A3、A4、A5和A6组。对照组分为2个小组,分别是吗啡浓度为0.025%的B1组以及传统方法治疗B2组。在胃癌根治术后1d观察患者情况,详细记录患者的舒适度评分、镇静度评分、视觉模拟评分以及患者的不良反应与PCIA的总按压频率次数和实际用药情况。结果①A3～A6组以及B1组的VAS评分明显低于B2和A1、A2组,而BCS的评分要高于B2和A1、A2组（P〈0.05）。②A3～A6组的PCIA总压次数明显低于A1、A2组,然而用药量远远高于A1、A2两组（P〈0.05）。③B1组患者腹胀、恶心、呕吐等不良症状发生频率远远高于A1～A6以及B2组患者（P〈0.05）。A6组患者的嗜睡程度最高。A1、A2组需要其他镇痛药物辅助,镇痛效果才能达到A3～A6组。结论布托啡诺的浓度为0.006%、0.007%时,以0.0022～0.0026mg/（kg.h）的速率给药,负荷剂量为0.005mg/（kg.h）的静脉PCIA会获得最佳的镇痛疗效,并且不良反应的发生率极低,可以应用于相关临床疾病的治疗中。     

舒芬太尼在开胸手术后病人自控静脉镇痛中的应用

目的 观察舒芬太尼应用于开胸手术后病人自控静脉镇痛中的镇痛效果及副反应情况。方法 60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期开胸手术病人，随机分为M组、F组和S组3组，术后行自控静脉镇痛，镇痛药物分别为吗啡1mg／ml、芬太尼10μg/ml、舒芬太尼1μg／ml。记录比较行自控镇痛后的镇痛效果、副反应及生命体征情况。结果 各组均可获得有效的镇痛效果。VAS评分F组显著低于其他各组，VRS评分F组高于其他各组（P〈0．05）。M组副反应较多，恶心发生率最高（8例）。结论 目前常用的病人自控静脉镇痛方法都有确切的镇痛效果，其中舒芬太尼用于开胸术后静脉镇痛安全确切，而且副反应较少，可望在术后镇痛方面得到更广泛地应用。     

曲马多预镇痛对子宫切除术后自控镇痛效果的影响

目的　研究预先经静脉和硬膜外注射曲马多对妇科病人术后硬膜外自控镇痛 (PCEA)效果的影响。方法　择期硬膜外麻醉下经腹子宫肌瘤摘除术病人 10 0例 ,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,随机分为C、E1、E2 、V1、V2 组 ,每组 2 0例。C组为对照组 ,E1、E2 组病人分别于切皮前、后 10min硬膜外腔注射曲马多 1mg/kg(2ml) ,V1、V2 组病人分别于切皮前、后 10min ,静脉注射曲马多 1mg/kg(2ml)。术中局麻药均选用 2 %利多卡因。手术结束时采用LCP模式病人自控镇痛 :负荷量 6ml(1mg/kg曲马多 +4mg恩丹西酮 ) +背景输注量 10 0ml(0 5 %曲马多 +0 15 %布比卡因 +0 0 0 8%恩丹西酮 ) +PCA量 ,流速 2ml/h ,PCA量 2ml,锁定时间 15min。分别记录开启泵 (VAS =0 )后 4、8、12、36、72h的VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分 ,记录总PCA需要量、总舒适评分及并发症。 结果　E1、V1组 8、12、36、72h的VAS评分均显著小于C、E2 、V2 组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且 72hE1、V1组的VAS评分较C组差异更显著 (P <0 0 1)。E1、V1组优良 (0 +I)舒适评分显著高于E2 、V2 组 (P <0 0 5 )。E1、V1组的PCA需要量显著小于C、E2 、V2 组 (P <0 0 5 )。各组均无明显呼吸抑制发生 ,组间Ramsay镇静评分和恶心呕吐发生率的差异无显著性。结论　手术切皮前 10min预先静脉或硬膜     

Opioid sensitivity of chronic pain: a patient-controlled analgesia method

Twenty-two patients with chronic pain of malignant or nonmalignant origin were given intravenous morphine by patient-controlled analgesia. A prestudy judgment was made from the characteristics of the pain as to whether it was nociceptive or neuropathic. Analgesic efficacy was assessed by a nurse-observer; adverse events were noted and plasma morphine and metabolitie concentrations measured. Three categories of opioid response were distinguished. Good responders obtained > 70 mm relief on the visual analogue scale, with minimal or manageable adverse events. Moderate responders obtained < 70 but > 30 mm relief with more problematic adverse events, and poor responders had < 30 mm relief with troublesome adverse events. This method for the study of opioid sensitivity allowed a wide dosage range to be studied. The simultaneous analgesic and adverse event measurements showed that the spectrum of observed response was wide, and response category could be judged for the majority by 4 h. In those with poor or moderate response, adverse event severity limited further dose increment. The relationship between pain characteristics and response showed that some pains judged to be neuropathic had a good response to opioid (5/13), and some pains judged to be nociceptive did not (5/14). The study suggests that the pattern of response is not as black and white as the prediction of good response from nociceptive pain and poor from neuropathic pain would suggest, although nociceptive pain was more likely than neuropathic pain to show a good response. For the moderate responders opioid titration may, in the absence of other effective treatments, be useful, but the analgesic endpoint may not be totally satisfactory. The method provides an operational definition of opioid sensitivity.     

Continuous epidural analgesia with bupivacaine-fentanyl versus patient-controlled analgesia with i.v. morphine for postoperative pain relief after knee ligament surgery

BACKGROUND: Both epidural analgesia and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) have been found efficacious after various types of surgery. We compared the efficacy, safety, side effects and patient satisfaction of these methods in a randomized double-blind fashion after elective anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction of the knee. METHODS: Fifty-six patients had an epidural catheter placed at the L2-L3 interspace. Spinal anaesthesia with 15 mg of plain bupivacaine 5 mg/ml was performed at the L3-L4 interspace. After surgery the patients were randomly divided into three groups: 19 received a continuous epidural infusion with bupivacaine 1 mg/ml and fentanyl 10 mg/ml (F10), 19 patients received bupivacaine 1 mg/ml and fentanyl 5 microg/ml (F5) and 18 patients received saline (S). The rate of the epidural infusions was 0.1 ml kg(-1) h(-1). Each patient could also use an intravenous (i.v.) PCA device with 40 microg/kg bolus doses of morphine with a lockout period of 10 min and a maximum dose 240 microg kg(-1) h(-1). At the end of surgery ketoprofen 100 mg i.v. was given and continued orally three times a day. Patients were assessed for pain with a visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest and during activity, side effects and satisfaction at 3, 9 and 20 h. RESULTS: Both epidural infusions (F10, F5) provided better analgesia than epidural saline plus i.v. PCA (S) (P<0.05). There was slightly less nausea in the S group (NS). In spite of the difference in the quality of pain relief, there was no difference between the groups in patient satisfaction regarding analgesic therapy. CONCLUSION: Epidural infusion of fentanyl (1 microg kg(-1) h(-1) or 0.5 microg kg(-1) h(-1)) and bupivacaine (0.1 mg kg(-1) h(-1)) provided better pain relief but more side effects than intravenous morphine patient-controlled analgesia after knee ligament surgery. Almost all patients in all groups were satisfied with their pain relief.     

Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia using remifentanil in a child with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) using intravenous opioids is increasing in popularity for children aged 5 years and over. To our knowledge there are no reports on the use of PCA in children with remifentanil in the postoperative period. We report successful use of remifentanil for intravenous (IV) PCA in a child scheduled for suprasellar arachnoid cystectomy with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome who needed good postoperative analgesia because of accompanying serious problems.     

Patients'' expectations of patient-controlled analgesia

Patient-controlled analgesia is an increasingly popular method of postoperative pain relief. However, patients often worry about new therapies. Eighty ASA 1 and 2 patients aged 18-65 years were asked to list the advantages and disadvantages of using patient-controlled analgesia. The most important advantage as perceived by patients was the reduced time spent by nurses in giving medication, but there was concern that direct personal contact would also be lessened. Preservation of self control, autonomy, rapid onset of analgesia, ability to titrate analgesia and lack of injections were seen as an advantage. Addiction and machine faults were seen as minimal problems. Preservation of patient-nurse contact is of great importance to ensure success of postoperative analgesia.     

氯诺昔康术后镇痛对神经外科患者内皮素1的影响

目的 观察术后患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)对神经外科患者血浆内皮素1(ET-1)的影响.方法 120例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级择期开颅手术患者,随机均分为四组,术后分别接受不同镇痛方法:L组,氯诺昔康16 μg·kg-1·h-1;F组,芬太尼0.2 μg·kg-h-1;T组,曲马多0.2 mg·kg-1·h-1;D组,未行PCIA.记录术后6、12、24和48 h的静息疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Ramsay镇静评分.分别于术前、术后6、12及24 h采血,应用放射免疫法检测血浆ET-1的水平.结果 术后6、12 h L、F及T组VAS均显著低于D组(P<0.05).L组和D组术后各时点的Ramsay镇静评分显著低于F组和T组(P相似文献