腹腔积液对闭合性腹外伤患者空腔脏器损伤的诊断价值

目的:探讨腹腔积液对闭合性腹外伤患者空腔脏器破裂的诊断价值。方法:采用腹腔穿刺、腹部X线透视、B超及CT检查闭合性腹部外伤患者中非实质性脏器损伤128例,分析腹腔积液在空腔脏器损伤时的发生率及其临床意义。结果:术前检查发现腹腔积液101例(78.9%),B超发现腹腔积液81例(63.3%)。腹腔游离气体27.3%。B超对腹腔积液有较高的确诊率。结论:腹腔积液是诊断腹部空腔脏器损伤的重要征象。     

迷走神经切断治疗十二指肠溃疡穿孔65例

1986年1月至1996年1月,我们在修补或切除穿孔性十二指肠溃疡的同时,行迷走神经切断65例,现分析如下.1 资料和方法1.1 一般资料 本组65例,男47例,女18例.年龄18～61岁,平均29.5岁.无溃疡病史6例,有溃疡病史59例,其中病史1年内9例,5～10年28例,10年以上22例.空腹穿孔45例,餐后穿孔20例.穿孔时间3～4lh,平均16.5h.穿孔均位于十二指肠球部前壁,直径0.3～0.5cm,平均0.8cm.腹腔积液300～1800ml,平均630ml.X线见膈下游离气体42例(64.4%)B超有穿孔征象48例(73.8%).白细胞计数(8.5～23.2)×10~9/L.平均16.7×19~9/L.     

膈下游离气体阴性的胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔17例分析

胃十二指肠溃疡并穿孔在基层医院较为常见,为腹部外科常见急腹症之一,诊断与治疗多无困难,但对于缺乏典型临床表现,尤其是膈下游离气体阴性者,常易误诊、漏诊。我院1999—2008年行单纯穿孔修补术治疗膈下游离气体阴性的胃十二指肠穿孔病例17例,现报道如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组男12例,女5例,年龄22~70岁,平均38.2岁。其中胃溃疡穿孔10例,十二指肠溃疡穿孔7例。发病至就诊时间:<10h 2例,>10h 15例。最长者近1周。其中空腹穿孔5例,食后穿孔12例。临床表现为突发上腹部疼痛,较剧烈,并疼痛范围持续扩大。X线腹部直立透视膈下未见游离气体。1.2诊断入院后X线腹部透视阴性,即行胃肠减压,见胃内容物不多。随即经胃管向胃内注入气体300m l左右,关闭胃管,立即行X线腹部透视,均显示膈下大量游离气体,即可确诊。诊断性腹穿13例,阳性6例。1.3治疗17例均行手术治疗。术式选择单纯穿孔修补术,术后辅以强效制酸药质子泵抑制剂,加抗幽门螺杆菌药物治疗。2结果本组均采取胃十二指肠穿孔修补术,术后恢复满意,痊愈出院。出院后给予正规内科药物治疗,3~6个月复查胃镜示溃疡愈合满意。随访2~3年未见复发。3讨论虽...     

胃肠穿孔的超声诊断价值

目的 探讨急性胃肠穿孔的超声诊断价值.方法回顾性分析35例临床确诊为胃肠穿孔患者的超声表现.结果全部35例患者均可探及到不同部位的积液,其中5例胃及十二指肠后壁穿孔的表现为小网膜囊积液,其余30例表现为腹腔积液;有30例可探及腹腔游离气体.结论超声结合临床其他检查可对胃肠穿孔做出较明确的诊断,有较高的临床诊断价值.     

几种非典型急腹症的X线诊断

X线检查是诊断急腹症的重要手段之一。一般而言,通过透视、腹部平片及造影观察病变的直接和间接征象,再结合临床即可对多数急腹症做出正确诊断。但对于某些缺乏典型临床症状和明显X线征象的病例,术前确诊率仍较低,需引起重视。一、胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔的发生率约占全部溃疡病住院病人的13～17%,发生部位多见于胃、十二指肠前壁近幽门处。穿孔多为一处,偶可多发,穿孔大小多在5mm以下。诊断穿孔的主要依据是:     

胃大部切除术后发生应激性溃疡一例

病史摘要患者男性,54岁。因突发上腹剧痛扩散至全腹4天入院。既往有十二指肠溃疡病史。体检:体温38.5℃,脉搏89次/分,呼吸25次/分,血压124/70mmHg。急性病容,心肺正常,腹部膨隆,肝浊音界消失,全腹强硬,肠鸣音消失。膈下有游离气体。入院诊断为十二指肠溃疡穿孔。手术证实,十二指肠球部前壁有一0.5cm 穿孔,腹腔内有300～600ml 炎性液。行BⅡ式胃大部切除术,十二指肠造瘘和腹腔引流术。术后低热和顽固性呃逆,第6天发生呕血约200ml。置胃     

十二指肠溃疡穿孔43例治疗体会

十二指肠溃疡穿孔是常见的外科急腹症之一, 2001年1月至2008年12月,我院共收治十二指肠溃疡穿孔43例,现报告如下. 临床资料 1.一般资料:本组43例均为手术证实的十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔的患者.其中男37例,女6例,年龄18～69岁,平均37岁.空腹穿孔32例,餐后穿孔11例.术前有溃疡病史或不典型溃疡病史41例,无症状2例.穿孔距手术的时间:3～36 h,平均11 h,其中超过12 h者11例.就诊时表现:局限性腹膜炎者21例,弥漫性腹膜炎者22例,有休克者13例.X线检查:表现为膈下游离气体者38例.     

罕见腹腔囊肿骨化一例

患者女，35岁，查体行腹部X线片检查发现右下腹球形包块1个月于2005年4月21入院。6个月前曾因急性阑尾炎于外院行阑尾切除术，阑尾切除术前未行腹部X线片检查。阑尾切除术中未见阑尾穿孔及周围脓肿，未探查腹腔。     

B超对溃疡病穿孔的诊断与动态监测

目的：确立超声检查在溃疡病穿孔中的诊断及中西医结合治疗中的动态监测声象图特征。方法：187例经临床、X线、胃镜、及手术证实的病人，行超声检查。结果：超声检查符合率93％(174／187)，其中超声检查腹腔内游离气体136例(73％)，假阴性48例(25％)，假阳性3例(2％)。结论：超声检查通过直接及间接声象图特征可及时准确诊断溃疡病急性穿孔，并能判断穿孔是否已闭合。     

带蒂空肠瓣修补十二指肠巨大溃疡穿孔1例报告

患者 ,男 ,61岁。因出现持续性并进行性加重的右上腹痛2天入院。 8年前因“胆管结石”在外院行胆总管 空肠侧侧吻合术。查体 :右上腹有一约 18cm长纵形切口瘢痕。右上腹触痛和叩击痛明显。B超检查示肝内、外胆管不扩张 ,未见异常光团回声。胃镜检查示十二指肠球部巨大溃疡穿孔。X线腹部平片示双膈下未见游离气体。以“十二指肠球部慢性穿透性溃疡”行剖腹探查术。术中见上腹粘连十分严重 ,肝下间隙闭锁。分离粘连后发现既往实施的手术是保留胆总管的侧侧胆肠吻合术 ,空肠盲袢盘曲在肝下 ,长约 9～ 10cm ,胆囊缺如 ;十二指肠球部溃疡穿透到…     

腹腔镜胃十二肠溃疡穿孔修补辅助H2受体拮抗剂治疗急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔

目的:总结腹腔镜下胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术的临床经验。方法:回顾分析采用腹腔镜行胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术的33例临床资料。结果:除1例十二指肠溃疡穿孔时间较长中转手术外,29例十二指肠球部穿孔和3例胃穿孔患者腹腔镜手术均获得成功,无并发症发生;术后辅助H2受体拮抗剂治疗,胃镜复查无复发。结论:腹腔镜修补并H2受体阻断剂口服治疗胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔的效果是肯定的,值得临床应用推广。     

腹腔镜下迷走神经切断加溃疡穿孔粘堵治疗十二指肠溃疡穿孔38例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜在溃疡穿孔治疗中的应用价值。方法:将明胶海绵卷成锥体栓,尖端塞入穿孔,基底部稍高于浆膜面,均匀滴入生物蛋白胶1.0~1.5m l在明胶海绵栓及其周围,采用H ill术式,切断迷走神经后干和高选择性切断前干。结果:全部病例术后8~9d痊愈出院。全部随访复查胃镜检查溃疡面愈合情况,38例中36例溃疡面愈合,另2例给予内科药物治疗痊愈。结论:腹腔镜下行迷走神经切断术加溃疡穿孔粘堵术治疗十二指肠溃疡穿孔疗效可靠,创伤小,值得推广。     

腹腔镜缝合修补消化性溃疡穿孔29例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜缝合修补消化性溃疡的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析2002~2007年我院应用腹腔镜缝合修补消化性溃疡穿孔29例患者的临床资料。结果:29例患者中胃窦部前壁穿孔9例,胃体部小弯侧穿孔7例,十二指肠球部前壁穿孔11例,2例病检诊断为癌性溃疡穿孔中转开腹。穿孔直径≤5mm 22例,>5mm 7例。27例手术成功,无术后并发症发生。手术时间和住院时间短,均痊愈出院,随访6~42个月,无复发。结论:腹腔镜缝合修补消化性溃疡治疗消化性溃疡穿孔安全可靠,是一种较理想的手术方法,术后继续正规内科治疗,效果满意。     

腹腔镜消化性溃疡穿孔修补术23例

目的探讨腹腔镜消化性溃疡穿孔修补术的方法和治疗效果. 方法应用腹腔镜对23例消化性溃疡穿孔(十二指肠穿孔17例,胃窦部前壁穿孔5例,胃体部小弯侧穿孔1例)行穿孔修补﹑腹腔引流术. 结果手术均获成功,无手术并发症.3个月后胃镜复查,13例使用丝线者均有缝线外露,10例使用可吸收外科缝线者无缝线外露.随访6～27个月,平均18个月,3例十二指肠球部穿孔者仍有轻度嗳气,返酸,余无明显症状,无再穿孔. 结论腹腔镜消化性溃疡穿孔修补术安全可靠,术后继续正规内科治疗,效果满意.     

腹腔镜高选择性迷走神经离断术治疗上消化道溃疡穿孔的临床研究

目的:评价腹腔镜穿孔修补术联合高选择性迷走神经离断术治疗胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的疗效.方法:回顾分析2003年1月至2007年1月273例胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者的临床资料,其中胃穿孔149例,十二指肠穿孔124例.134例行腹腔镜穿孔修补加高选择性迷走神经切断术(研究组),139例行剖腹穿孔修补加高选择性迷走神经切断术(对...     

扩大壁细胞迷走神经切断术治疗十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔176例

目的探讨扩大壁细胞迷走神经切断术（EPCV）治疗十二指肠溃疡并发急性穿孔的远期临床疗效。方法对1979年以来采用EPCV治疗的176例十二指肠溃疡并发急性穿孔患者的临床资料进行总结,分析评价疗效,评价内容包括术后并发症发生率、溃疡复发率、胃排空功能、胃镜和上消化道钡餐检查结果和营养状态及Visick分级。结果全组患者有153例（86.9%）获得5年随访。无手术死亡者。进食后上腹发生间断性胀痛13例（8.5%）,有时返酸12例（7.8%）,经服用吗叮啉可缓解。出现粘连性肠梗阻行粘连松解术4例（2.6%）,溃疡复发4例（2.6%）,均发生在术后2-3年内。浅表性胃炎21例（13.7%）,十二指肠球部变形31例（20.3%）,胃窦蠕动功能较好,胃排空功能正常。全组无贫血发生,体重增加者116例（75.8%）。Visick改良分级,146例为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级,优良率占95.4%,Ⅲ级3例（2.0%）,Ⅳ级4例（2.6%）。结论EPCV术具有手术操作简便、术后并发症较少、溃疡复发率低、患者术后远期营养状况良好、生活质量较高的优良疗效,是治疗十二指肠溃疡并发急性穿孔首选的安全有效术式之一。     

Management of giant duodenal ulcer

Giant duodenal ulcer is a variant of peptic ulcer that is 2 cm in diameter or greater and essentially replaces the duodenal bulb. Diagnosis by upper gastrointestinal series is often missed, due to the large size of the ulcer, which causes it to look like a scarred duodenal bulb or duodenal diverticulum. This study reviews our experience with 32 patients who presented with giant duodenal ulcer between 1963 and 1982. Seventy-five percent of the patients were men between 30 and 81 years of age (mean age 59 years). Gastrointestinal hemorrhage was a presenting symptom in 75 percent of the patients and free perforation in 9 percent. Diagnosis was made by upper gastrointestinal series (24 patients), and endoscopy (11 patients), alone or in combination. Three patients were diagnosed at surgery and one at necropsy. Mean size of the ulcer was 3.5 cm in diameter, range 2 to 6 cm. Twenty-four patients were initially managed medically (mean length of treatment 41 months), with 2 deaths (hemorrhage) and 20 recurrences (83 percent). Twenty-seven operations were required in 25 patients. In 17 of the 25, medical treatment had failed. Seven of these patients required emergency surgery. Eight patients were managed primarily by surgery, of whom five presented emergently. There were three deaths in the surgical group after emergency surgery. In two of these patients, medical treatment had failed. There were no deaths among the elective surgery group. Twenty-five of the 27 operative procedures were definitive, acid-reducing operations (15 vagotomy and antrectomy and 10 vagotomy and drainage). Two patients underwent emergency exploration and oversewing of a giant perforated ulcer alone, and both patients required subsequent surgery because of symptoms. The results indicate that giant duodenal ulcer should be primarily surgically managed and that an acid-reducing procedure should be performed during primary surgery. These patients do very poorly with medical therapy, and the mortality rate is increased if emergency surgery is required for hemorrhage. Medical treatment alone is associated with a high morbidity (92 percent). Should operation be required, a definitive acid reduction operation is the procedure of choice.     

消化性溃疡穿孔非手术治疗病例报告及分析

目的探讨消化性溃疡穿孔的非手术治疗。方法回顾我院近年来消化性溃疡穿孔行非手术治疗的病例，并结合文献进行分析。结果十二指肠溃疡单纯穿孔患者非手术治疗均有效，而胃穿孔患者非手术治疗后中转手术。结论十二指肠溃疡单纯穿孔非手术治疗有可能成为一种趋势。     

单向倒刺缝线在腹腔镜胃十二指肠巨大溃疡穿孔修补术的使用经验

目的探讨单向倒刺缝线在穿孔直径≧1.0 cm的胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔病例腹腔镜下修补的安全性与疗效。方法回顾性分析我院胃肠外科2014年2月~2017年6月采用单向倒刺缝线行腹腔镜胃十二指肠巨大溃疡穿孔修补术的32例病例,采用单向倒刺缝线对穿孔部位进行连续全层缝合,统计分析所有病例的手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、住院时间及并发症发生情况。结果 32例病例均成功完成手术,无中转开腹病例,围手术期无并发症发生。其中十二指肠球部前壁溃疡穿孔的有24例,胃窦前壁溃疡穿孔的有8例,穿孔部位直径≧1.0 cm且1.5 cm的病例有18例,≧1.5 cm且2.0 cm的有10例,≧2.0 cm的有4例。全组手术时间43.06±5.29 min,术中出血量9.25±3.47 m L,术后肛门排气时间34.31±7.85 h,住院时间7.53±1.02 d。结论在腹腔镜下将倒刺缝线应用于修补穿孔直径≧1.0 cm胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔病例是安全有效的,既有利于患者的恢复,同时也降低了腹腔镜下缝合难度。     

Endoscopic management of peptic ulcer disease.

OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the authors' experience with endoscopic management of duodenal ulcer and ulcers occurring after a previous drainage procedure. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Patients with complications of duodenal ulcer and ulcers occurring after a previous drainage procedure still require surgical management. Virtually all operations for duodenal ulcer include some form of vagotomy. American surgeons in academic centers prefer highly selective vagotomy in suitable candidates. Video-directed laparoscopic and thoracoscopic operations have been done for all complications of duodenal ulcer except for acute hemorrhage. METHODS: The authors have performed laparoscopic operation on eight patients with intractable chronic duodenal ulcer, seven patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease combined with duodenal ulcer, one patient with chronic duodenal ulcer and gastric outlet obstruction, and one patient with acute perforation. Operations performed included omentopexy, anterior seromyotomy plus post truncal vagotomy, and highly selective vagotomy. Seven patients had a simultaneous Nissen fundoplication; and the patient with obstruction underwent concomitant pyloroplasty and vagotomy. Six patients with intestinal ulcers occurring after a previous drainage procedure were treated with thoracoscopic vagotomy. Techniques used are shown. RESULTS: There has been one recurrent ulcer in the laparoscopic group after anterior seromyotomy plus posterior truncal vagotomy. The patient treated by omentopexy for duodenal perforation recovered gastrointestinal function promptly with no further difficulty, but eventually died of primary medical disease. Patients undergoing thoracoscopic vagotomy have all become asymptomatic. Postoperative hospital stay after highly selective vagotomy, anterior seromyotomy plus posterior truncal vagotomy, or thoracoscopic vagotomy was 1-5 days. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic management of duodenal ulcers is feasible. Larger numbers of patients with longer follow-up are essential. Ulcers occurring after a drainage procedure deserve thoracoscopic vagotomy.