Journal Evidence-Based Medicine 2018年度题录

Indexed by EMbase(Elsevier),MEDLINE/PubMed(NLM),SCOPUS(Elsevier)Volume 11,issue 1Editorial1:Yao C.Clinical trial in China:The status and challenge of data management and statistical analysis.J Evid Based Med.2018 Feb:11(1):3-6.doi:10.1111/jebm.12295.PubMed PMID:29484843.2:Kwong JSW,Li Y,Zhang M.Cochrane in 2017:Opportunities for the research community in China.J Evid Based Med.2018 Feb;11(1):7-11.doi:10.1111/jebm.12292.PubMed PMID:29484845.     

Journal Evidence-Based Medicine 2019年度题录

Indexed by EMbase(Elsevier),MEDLINE/PubMed(NLM),SCOPUS(Elsevier)Volume 12,issue 1Articles 1:da Nobrega LM,de Macedo Bernardinoi,Leal PM,de Castro Martins C,Granville-Garcia AF,d'Avila S.Traffic accidents,maxillofacial injuries and risk factors:A systematic review of observational studies.J Evid Based Med.2019 Feb;12(1):3-8.doi:10.1111/jebm.12332.Epub 2018 Dec 2.PubMed PMID:30506994.     

Journal Evidence-Based Medicine 2017年度题录（英文）

Indexed by EMbase (Elsevier),MEDLINE/PubMed (NLM),SCOPUS (Elsevier)Volume 10,issue 1Commentaries1:Li Y,Zhou K,Hua Y.Whether heart blocks post perimembranous ventricular septal defect device closure remain threatening:how could Chinese experiences impact the world?J Evid Based Med.2017 Feb;10(1):5-10.doi:10.1111/jebm.12214.PubMed PMID:27481182.2:Gorczynski P,Burnell K,Dewey A,Costello JT.Teaching evidence-based synthesis:an examination of the development and delivery of two innovative methodologies used at     

Journal Evidence-Based Medicine 2017年度题录

Indexed by EMbase(Elsevier),MEDLINE/PubMed(NLM),SCOPUS(Elsevier)Volume 10,issue 1Commentaries1:Li Y,Zhou K,Hua Y.Whether heart blocks post perimembranous ventricular septal defect device closure remain threatening:how could Chinese experiences impact the world?J Evid Based Med.2017 Feb;10(1):5-10.doi:10.1111/jebm.12214.PubMed PMID:27481182.2:Gorczynski P,Burnell K,Dewey A,Costello JT.Teaching evidence-based synthesis:an examination of the development and delivery of two innovative methodologies used at the University of Portsmouth.     

2019年度题录

Volume 12,Issu e 1 Articles 1:da N6brega LM,de Macedo Bernardino\,Leal PM,de Castro Martins C,Granville-Garcia AF,d'Avila S.Traffic accidents,maxillofacial injuries and risk factors:A systematic review of observational studies.J Evid Based Med.2019 Feb;12(1):3-8.doi:10.1111/jebm.12332.Epub 2018 Dec 2.PubMed PMID:30506994.     

2007年2月份中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态简介

National Data of Class A,B and C Infectious Diseases in February2007病名Disease死亡数(1)Death number本月Feb.去年同月Last Feb.本年累计Cum2007本月Feb.去年同月Last Feb.本年累计Cum2007去年累计Cum2006鼠疫Plague-------霍乱Cholera-------传染性非典型肺炎SARS-----     

IL-10基因单核苷酸多态性与急性淋巴细胞白血病易感性的相关性研究

Objective To observe the relationship of IL-10 gene single nucleotide polymorphism and the susceptibility to ALL. Methods The bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 115 ALL patients and 323 healthy controls were collected in Peking University First Hospital and Beijing Dao-pei Hospital from January 2007 to December 2009. The DNA were extracted from all samples. The primers of -819C/T and -592A/C in the promoter region of IL-10 gene were designed for the PCR. The restrictive fragment length polymorphism of IL-10 gene was analyzed by using restrictive enzyme Msl Ⅰ and HpyCH4 Ⅲ.Sequencing was done in part of these samples to confirm the results of PCR. The differences of genotypes and allele ratio of -819 and -592 sites were analyzed between the ALL patients and healthy controls. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the EB virus (EBV) infection and the expression of BCR/ABL fusion gene. The differences of genotypes and allele ratio of -819 and -592 sites were analyzed between the positive and negative group. Results The genotype ratios of -819CC, -819TT, - 819CT, -592AA,- 592CC and - 592AC were 14. 8% ( 17/115 ), 45.2% ( 52/115 ), 40. 0% ( 46/115 ), 43.5% ( 50/115 ),16. 5% ( 19/115 ), 40. 0% ( 46/115 ) in ALL patients, and were 9. 9% ( 32/323 ), 16. 4% ( 53/323 ),73.7% ( 238/323 ), 11.8% ( 38/323 ), 15.5% ( 50/323 ), 72. 8% ( 235/323 ) in the healthy controls,respectively. The genotypes of -819 and -592 sites had statistically significant differences between the two groups(x2 values were 46.000 and 54.550, all P ＜ 0. 05 ). The allele ratio of -819T and -592A were (65.2%, 150/230) and (63.5%, 146/230) in ALL patients, while they were 53.5% (344/646) and 48. 1% (311/646)in the healthy controls. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (x2 values were 9. 877 and 15.986, all P ＜ 0. 05 ). The EBV DNA were detected in 42 ALL patients,among which 22 were positive and 20 were negative. The genotype ratios of -819CC, -819TT, -819CT,-592AA, - 592CC, - 592AC in EBV positive group were 9. 1% ( 2/22 ), 40. 9% ( 9/22 ), 50. 0%(11/22) ,31.8% ( 7/22 ), 13.6% ( 3/22 ), 54. 5% ( 12/22 ), while they were 35.0% ( 7/20 ), 45.0%(9/20) ,20. 0% (4/20) ,35.0% (7/20) ,45.0% (9/20) ,20. 0% (4/20) in the EBV negative group. The genotypes of -819 and -592 sites showed no statistical differences between the two groups( all P ＞ 0. 05 ).The BCR/ABL fusion gene were detected in 36 ALL patients, among which 20 were positive and 16 were negative. The genotype ratios of - 819CC, - 819TT, - 819CT, - 592AA, - 592CC, - 592AC in BCR/ABL positive group were 0% (0/20) ,45.0% (9/20) ,55.0% ( 11/20), 45. 0% (9/20) ,5.0% (1/20) ,50. 0%( 10/20), while they were 18. 8% ( 3/16 ), 50. 0% ( 8/16), 31.3% ( 5/16 ), 50. 0% ( 8/16 ), 18. 8%(3/16), 31.3 % (5/16)in the BCR/ABL negative group. The genotypes of -819 and -592 sites showed no statistical differences between the two groups ( all P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The population with - 819TT and - 592AA genotype of IL-10 gene shows susceptibility to ALL.     

IL-10基因单核苷酸多态性与急性淋巴细胞白血病易感性的相关性研究

Objective To observe the relationship of IL-10 gene single nucleotide polymorphism and the susceptibility to ALL. Methods The bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 115 ALL patients and 323 healthy controls were collected in Peking University First Hospital and Beijing Dao-pei Hospital from January 2007 to December 2009. The DNA were extracted from all samples. The primers of -819C/T and -592A/C in the promoter region of IL-10 gene were designed for the PCR. The restrictive fragment length polymorphism of IL-10 gene was analyzed by using restrictive enzyme Msl Ⅰ and HpyCH4 Ⅲ.Sequencing was done in part of these samples to confirm the results of PCR. The differences of genotypes and allele ratio of -819 and -592 sites were analyzed between the ALL patients and healthy controls. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the EB virus (EBV) infection and the expression of BCR/ABL fusion gene. The differences of genotypes and allele ratio of -819 and -592 sites were analyzed between the positive and negative group. Results The genotype ratios of -819CC, -819TT, - 819CT, -592AA,- 592CC and - 592AC were 14. 8% ( 17/115 ), 45.2% ( 52/115 ), 40. 0% ( 46/115 ), 43.5% ( 50/115 ),16. 5% ( 19/115 ), 40. 0% ( 46/115 ) in ALL patients, and were 9. 9% ( 32/323 ), 16. 4% ( 53/323 ),73.7% ( 238/323 ), 11.8% ( 38/323 ), 15.5% ( 50/323 ), 72. 8% ( 235/323 ) in the healthy controls,respectively. The genotypes of -819 and -592 sites had statistically significant differences between the two groups(x2 values were 46.000 and 54.550, all P ＜ 0. 05 ). The allele ratio of -819T and -592A were (65.2%, 150/230) and (63.5%, 146/230) in ALL patients, while they were 53.5% (344/646) and 48. 1% (311/646)in the healthy controls. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (x2 values were 9. 877 and 15.986, all P ＜ 0. 05 ). The EBV DNA were detected in 42 ALL patients,among which 22 were positive and 20 were negative. The genotype ratios of -819CC, -819TT, -819CT,-592AA, - 592CC, - 592AC in EBV positive group were 9. 1% ( 2/22 ), 40. 9% ( 9/22 ), 50. 0%(11/22) ,31.8% ( 7/22 ), 13.6% ( 3/22 ), 54. 5% ( 12/22 ), while they were 35.0% ( 7/20 ), 45.0%(9/20) ,20. 0% (4/20) ,35.0% (7/20) ,45.0% (9/20) ,20. 0% (4/20) in the EBV negative group. The genotypes of -819 and -592 sites showed no statistical differences between the two groups( all P ＞ 0. 05 ).The BCR/ABL fusion gene were detected in 36 ALL patients, among which 20 were positive and 16 were negative. The genotype ratios of - 819CC, - 819TT, - 819CT, - 592AA, - 592CC, - 592AC in BCR/ABL positive group were 0% (0/20) ,45.0% (9/20) ,55.0% ( 11/20), 45. 0% (9/20) ,5.0% (1/20) ,50. 0%( 10/20), while they were 18. 8% ( 3/16 ), 50. 0% ( 8/16), 31.3% ( 5/16 ), 50. 0% ( 8/16 ), 18. 8%(3/16), 31.3 % (5/16)in the BCR/ABL negative group. The genotypes of -819 and -592 sites showed no statistical differences between the two groups ( all P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The population with - 819TT and - 592AA genotype of IL-10 gene shows susceptibility to ALL.     

学术动态(英文)

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology1.Gamboa JL,Pretorius M,,et al.Comparative Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Angiotensin-ReceptorBlockade on Inflammation during Hemodialysis.J Am Soc Nephrol.2012Feb;23(2):334-42.Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology2.McQuillan RF,Chiu E,Nessim S,et al.A     

EFFECT OF rhTGF-β1 AND rhGM-CSF ON RECEPTOR EXPRESSIONS IN J6-1 AND J6-2 LEUKEMIC CELLS

ABC immunoperoxidase was used to test the effects of rhTGF-β1 and rhGM-CSF on receptor expressions in J6-1 and J6-2 leukemic cell lines. Computer assisted image analysis system was introduced to evaluate positive index of time-and dose-dependent specimens. The expression of c-kit was elevated both in positive rate and positive index by TGF-01 in both time- and dose-dependent manners. Ing/ml rhTGF-β1 simultaneously enhanced the expression of c-fms and PDGF-R which is not detected in 50 ng / ml GM-CSF treatment. Endoglin was down-regulated after TGF-β treatment and up-regulated in J6-2 cells after GM-CSF treatment, c-kit Expression was elevated by TGF-β in J6-1 cells while decreased by both in J6-2 cells.     

2-吲哚啉酮衍生物对BLM诱导肺纤维化小鼠模型的治疗作用及机制研究

【目的】探讨2-吲哚啉酮衍生物(PMID)对博莱霉素(BLM)诱导肺纤维化小鼠模型的治疗作用及机制。【方法】40只SPF级、3周龄SD雄性小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及PMID低剂量组、PMID高剂量组,每组10只。模型组及PMID低、高剂量组小鼠采用BLM成功诱导建立肺纤维化模型后,PMID低、高剂量组小鼠给予5 mg/kg、20 mg/kg PMID溶液灌胃处理(2次/d,间隔6~8 h),连续28 d;对照组、模型组小鼠于同时间给予等量生理盐水灌胃处理。干预结束后,采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、胶原纤维(Masson)染色观察各组小鼠组织病理学变化及肺纤维化情况,并比较各组小鼠肺纤维化评分;采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测各组小鼠肺组织中Ⅲ型胶原(CollagenⅢ)mRNA水平;免疫印迹法检测各组肺组织中磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)、磷酸化PI3K(p-PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)、磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)、缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)蛋白水平。【结果】与对照组比较,模型组及PMID低、高剂量组小鼠肺纤维化评分、CollagenⅢmRNA水平及p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、HIF-1α蛋白水平均升高(均P<0.05),且PMID低、高剂量组小鼠肺纤维化评分、CollagenⅢmRNA水平及p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、HIF-1α蛋白水平低于模型组,且高剂量组上述指标水平低于低剂量组(均P<0.05)。【结论】PMID可改善BLM诱导的小鼠肺纤维化,可能与抑制PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α通路活化和胶原沉积有关。     

正压机械通气与膈肌起搏联合通气对呼吸衰竭患者呼吸力学的影响

目的 观察正压机械通气与膈肌起搏联合通气对呼吸衰竭(呼衰)患者呼吸力学的影响.方法 采用自身前后对照研究方法,以20例中枢性呼衰患者先使用常规正压机械通气30 min作为对照组,后改用正压机械通气与膈肌起搏联合通气30 min作为试验组,观察两种通气方式下患者的呼吸力学变化.结果 与对照组比较,试验组平均气道压(Paw,cm H2O,1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa)、平台压(Pplat,cm H2O)明显降低(Paw:6.1±1.3比7.3±1.8;Pplat:10.4±2.5比12.1±2.6,均P＜0.05),峰食道压力(PPEAK ES,cm H2O)、峰食道压力与基准食道压力差(dPES,cm H2O)负值明显增加(PPEAK ES:-8.3±1.9比-3.2±1.4;dPES:-11.2±2.6比-8.2±2.2,均P＜0.05),吸气末屏气期间的跨肺压(Ptp plat,cm H2O)、呼吸系统静态顺应性(Cst,ml/cm H2O)明显增加(Ptp plat:23.6±3.8比15.6±3.1 Cst:52.7±8.2比48.3±7.2,均P＜0.05),气道阻力(Raw,cm H2O·L-1·s-1)、肺部阻力(RL,cm H2O·L-1·s-1)无明显改变(Raw:2.1±0.5比2.3±0.4; RL:2.9±0.6比3.1±0.5,均P＞0.05),患者呼吸功(WOBp,J/L)明显增加、机械呼吸功(WOBv,J/L)明显降低(WOBp:0.18±0.03比0;WOBv:0.31±0.07比0.53±0.11,均P＜0.05).结论 正压机械通气与膈肌起搏联合通气进行呼吸支持可明显降低呼衰患者气道压力,增加胸腔内压负值和跨肺压,提高肺顺应性,并能降低机械通气作功,但对气道阻力无明显影响.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the effects of combining positive pressure ventilation with diaphragm pacing on respiratory mechanics in patients with respiratory failure. Methods Twenty patients with central respiratory failure were studied with cohorts. The effects on respiratory mechanics were respectively observed in patients in control group, in whom ventilation by positive pressure only, and patients in experimental group in whom ventilation was instituted by combining positive pressure ventilation with diaphragm pacing. Results Compared with control group, mean airway pressure (Paw, cm H2O,1 cm H2O= 0. 098 kPa) and plateau pressure (Pplat, cm H2O) were significantly decreased in experimental group (Paw: 6. 1±1.3 vs. 7. 3±1.8; Pplat: 10. 4±2.5 vs. 12. 1±2. 6, both P＜0. 05), while the nagative value of peak esophageal pressure (PPEAK ES, cm H2O), the nagative value of the difference between peak and basic esophageal pressure (dPES, cm H2O), transpulmonary pressure at end of inspiration hold (Ptp plat,cm H2O), static compliance (Cst, ml/cm H2O) were significantly increased in experimental group (PPEAKES:-8.3±1.9 vs. -3.2±1.4; dPES: -11.2±2.6 vs. -8. 2±2. 2; Ptp plat: 23.6±3.8 vs. 15.6±3.1; Cst:52. 7±8. 2 vs. 48. 3 ±7. 2, all P ＜ 0. 05 ). No differences were found in airway resistance (Raw,cm H2O · L-1 · s-1) and lung resistance (RL, cm H2O · L-1 · s-1) between experimental group and control group (Raw: 2.1±0.5 vs. 2.3±0.4; RL: 2.9±0.6 vs. 3.1±0.5, both P＞0.05). Work of breath by patient (WOBp, J/L) was significantly increased and work of breath by ventilator (WOBv, J/L) was significantly decreased in experimental group compared with control group (WOBp: 0. 18± 0. 03 vs. 0;WOBv: 0.31±0.07 vs. 0.53±0.11, both P＜0.05). Conclusion Compared with positive pressure ventilation, positive pressure ventilation combined with diaphragm pacing can decrease the Paw, increase intrathoracic negative pressure, transpulmonary pressure, and Cst, and decrease WOBv, while there is no effect on Raw and RL.     

Two case reports and literature review for hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma: Pitfall of misdiagnosis

BACKGROUND Hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma(HEAML) is a rare liver disease and is easily misdiagnosed. Enhanced recognition of HEAML is beneficial to the differential diagnosis of rare liver diseases.CASE SUMMARY We presented two cases of HEAML in Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, and then collected and analyzed all reports about HEAML recorded in PubMed, MEDLINE, China Science Periodical Database, and VIP database from January 2000 to March 2018. A total of 409 cases of HEAML in 97 reports were collected, with a ratio of men to women of 1:4.84 and an age range from 12 years to 80 years(median 44 years). Among the patients with clinical symptoms mentioned, 61.93%(205/331) were asymptomatic, 34.74%(115/331) showed upper or right upper quadrant abdomen discomfort, while a few of them showed abdominal mass, gastrointestinal symptoms, low fever, or weight loss. The misdiagnosis rate of HEAML was as high as 40.34%(165/409) due to its nonspecific imaging findings. Most of the tumors were solitary and round in morphology, with clear boundaries. Ultrasound scan indicated low echo with internal nonuniformity and rich blood supply in most cases. Computer tomography/magnetic resonance imaging enhanced scan showed varied characteristics. The ratio of fast wash-in and fast wash-out, fast wash-in and slow wash-out, and delayed enhancement was roughly 4:5:1. A definite diagnosis of HEAML depended on the pathological findings of the epithelioid cells in lesions and the expression of human melanoma black 45, smooth muscle actin,melanoma antigen, and actin by immunohistochemical staining. HEAML had a relatively low malignant rate of 3.91%. However, surgical resection was the main treatment for HEAML, due to the difficulty diagnosing before operation.CONCLUSION HEAML is a rare and easily misdiagnosed disease, and it should be diagnosed carefully, taking into account clinical course, imaging, pathological,and immunohistochemical findings.     

Docetaxel,cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil compared with epirubicin,cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil regimen for advanced gastric cancer:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND As the first-line regimens for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer, both docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil(DCF) and epirubicin, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil(ECF) regimens are commonly used in clinical practice, but there is still controversy about which is better.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of DCF and ECF regimens by conducting this meta-analysis.METHODS Computer searches in PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Science Direct, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and Scopus were performed to find the clinical studies of all comparisons between DCF and ECF regimens. We used progression-free survival(PFS), overall survival(OS), objective response rate(ORR), disease control rate(DCR), and adverse effects(AEs) as endpoints for analysis.RESULTS Our meta-analysis included seven qualified studies involving a total of 598 patients. The pooled hazard ratios between the DCF and ECF groups were comparable in PFS(95%CI: 0.58-1.46, P = 0.73), OS(95%CI: 0.65-1.10, P = 0.21),and total AEs(95%CI: 0.93-1.29, P = 0.30). The DCF group was significantly better than the ECF group in terms of ORR(95%CI: 1.13-1.75, P = 0.002) and DCR(95%CI: 1.03-1.41, P = 0.02). However, the incidence rate of grade 3-4 AEs was also greater in the DCF group than in the ECF group(95%CI: 1.16-1.88, P = 0.002),especially for neutropenia and febrile neutropenia.CONCLUSION With better ORR and DCR values, the DCF regimen seems to be more suitable for advanced gastric cancer than the ECF regimen. However, the higher rate of AEs in the DCF group still needs to be noticed.     

中国14家教学医院2005-2008年临床分离肺炎链球菌耐药性分析

目的 监测2005-2008年我国不同地区14家教学医院临床分离肺炎链球菌的耐药性,为临床经验用药提供科学建议.方法 2005-2008年从14家教学医院收集非重复的1 317株临床分离肺炎链球菌,其中2005年271株、2006年391株、2007年363株、2008年292株.菌株主要为社区呼吸道感染病原菌,即以呼吸道感染收治的门诊和急诊患者或入院48 h内发生呼吸道感染的患者中分离的肺炎链球菌.菌株分离地区包括华北地区、东北地区、华南地区、华中及西北地区以及华东地区.患者按年龄分为成人组(≥18岁)、青少年组(6～17岁)和儿童组(≤5岁).菌株经中心实验室复核后,采用Etest法、琼脂稀释法或纸片扩散法测定8类17种抗菌药物的MIC或抑菌圈直径,数据输入WHONET5.5软件分析敏感率、中介率、耐药率、MIC50、MIC90.结果 肺炎链球菌对利奈唑胺(100%)和氟喹诺酮类药物(95.2%～99.7%)保持了高的敏感率.对于β内酰胺类药物,菌株对阿莫西林-克拉维酸敏感率为73.8%～92.1%,对青霉素、头孢曲松和头孢吡肟也有较高的敏感率,但逐年降低.3种二代头孢菌素的敏感率较低(2008年为36.3%～38.4%).对于红霉素、阿奇霉素、克林霉素、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲 唑和四环素,菌株的敏感率均较低且逐年下降.PISP的比例在逐年增大,从2005年的4.4%上升至2008年的20.2%.华北地区的PNSP发生率较低(6.0%),而华中及西北地区和华东地区的PNSP发生率较高(30.1%和38.7%).成人组的PNSP发生率(15.7%)明显低于儿童组(33.0%),也低于青少年组(38.2%).结论 肺炎链球菌对利奈唑胺和氟喹诺酮类药物在2005-2008年间保持了较高的敏感性,而对青霉素类和头孢菌素类的敏感性逐年降低,临床需慎用对肺炎链球菌活性较低的药物,包括大环内酯类、克林霉素、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲 唑和四环素.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae clinically isolated from 14 teaching hospitals located at different areas in China in 2005-2008 and to give logical guidance for clinical empirical therapy.Methods A total of 1 317 non-repetitive S.pneumoniae isolates in 14 teaching hospitals from 2005-2008 were collected and sent to the central lab for reidentification and susceptibility testing, including 271 isolates collected in 2005, 391 isolates collected in 2006, 363 isolates collected in 2007 and 292 isolates collected in 2008. Most of the isolates were from community-acquired respiratory tract infections, which were isolated from outpatient or emergency department patients with respiratory tract infections or those patients with respiratory tract infections within ≤48 hours hospitalization.The districts where the organisms were isolated include North China, Northeast China, South China, Central and Northwest China and East China.The patients included adults, teenagers and children.The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) or inhibitory zone diameter of 17 antimicrobial agents were determined by Etest method, agar dilution method or disk diffusion method.WHONET5.5 software was used to analyze susceptibility rate, intermediate rate, resistance rate, MIC50 and MIC90.Results Linezolid (100%) and fluoroquinolones (95.2%-99.7%) showed excellent activities against S.pneumoniae.Among β-lactams, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid remained high activities (73.8%-92.1%),followed by penicillin, ceftriaxone and cefepime with year-over-year decrease in activities.The activities of three second-generation cephalosporins were low (36.3%-38.4% in 2008).The activities of erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline against S.pneumoniae were poor and decreased year over year.The incidence of penicillin non-susceptible S.pneumoniae (PNSP) was increasing especially for PISP (from 4.4% in 2005 to 20.2% in 2008).The incidence of PNSP in North China was low (6.0%), while this value were high in central China and East China (30.1% and 38.7%, separately).The incidence of PNSP in adults (15.7%) was obviously lower than that in children(≤5 years:33.0%) and teenagers (6-17 years:38.2%).Conclusions linezolid and fluoroquinolones showed excellent in vitro activity against S.pneumoniae, followed by penicillin and cephalosporins with year-over-year decrease of activity. Clinicians should pay more attention when using those antimicrobial agents with poor activity against S.pneumoniae, which include macrolides, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline.     

Killip分级与TIMI评分联合用于急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者的早期危险分层

Rott D,Leibowitz D,Schwartz R,et al.Combination of the Killip and TIMI classifications for early risk stratification of patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction[J].Cardiology,2010,117(4):291-295.Epub 2011Feb 17.已经证明Killip分级与心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)评分对于急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的早期危险分层是有用的工具。与TIMI     

四个遗传性凝血因子Ⅶ缺陷症家系的基因与表型分析

目的 研究4个遗传性凝血因子Ⅶ(FⅦ)缺陷症家系的临床表型及基因突变.方法 用一期法测定先证者及其家系成员的凝血酶原时间(PT)及FⅦ活性(FⅦ:C),用双抗夹心ELISA测定血浆中FⅦ抗原(FⅦ:Ag),用PCR结合测序分析各家系成员的基因突变情况.结果 各家系先证者PT明显延长,FⅦ:C与FⅦ:Ag明显降低.家系1先证者FⅦ基因为18041T→G纯合性突变,使未成熟FⅦ(ProFⅦ)的408位组氨酸(His)变为谷氨酸(Gln)(成熟蛋白的His348Gln);家系2先证者FⅦ基因测序发现5078-5079 CT双碱基的纯合性缺失,致使阅读框改变,在ProFⅦ的N端25位提前终止;家系3先证者FⅦ基因分析发现15975G→A与18093C→T双重杂合突变,前者为内含子6的3'端剪接位点突变(IVS6-1G→A),后者为无义突变,致使ProFⅦ蛋白的426位提前终止;家系4先证者FⅦ基因测序发现15975G→A与17908G→A双重杂合突变,后者使ProFⅦ364位Arg→Gln.结论 在4个遗传性FⅦ缺陷症家系中发现His408Gln与5078-5079 del CT两个纯合突变及IVS6-1G→A、Gln426stop与IVS6-1G→A、Arg364Gln两个双重杂合突变.其中His408Gln与5078-5079 del CT为国内首次报道的纯合突变,IVS6-1G→A、Gln426stop为国际首次报道的突变.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation and gene mutation in four Chinese pedigrees with the congenital coagulation factor Ⅶ deficiency. Methods Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and plasma fibrinogen were measured using STAGO STA-R automatic coagulation analyzer, and the coagulation activity of factor Ⅶ (FⅦ: C) was determined by a PT-based one stage method, and factor Ⅶ antigen (FⅦ: Ag) level by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoabsorbsent assay. All exons, exon-intron boundaries and 3', 5'untranslated regions of the FⅦ gene from the genomic DNA of the probands and their families were amplified by PCR, and then sequenced. Results PT was significantly prolonged, and FⅦ: C and FⅦ: Ag were decreased and the following mutations were identified in the four probands: a homozygous transversion of 18041 T→G resulting in His408→Gln substitution in exon 8 in proband 1, a homozygous double nucleotide deletion, del CT (5078-5079) in exon 1 in proband 2, a double heterozygous of IVS6-1G→A and Gln426→stop in proband 3, and a double heterozygous of IVS6-1G→A and Arg364Gln in prohand 4. Conclusion Two missense mutations, His408Gln, Arg364Gln and one nonsense,Gln426stop in the catalytic domain of FⅦ and one double nucleotide deletion, del CT(5078-5079) in exon 1 and one splicesome mutation, IVS6-1G→A in intron 6 were separately identified in four Chinese pedigrees with inherited coagulation factor Ⅶ deficiency. The Gln426stop and IVS6-1G→A were first identified in the world and the homozygous del CT(5078-5079) and His408Gln were first found in China.     

云南省德宏和昆明地区高效抗逆转录病毒治疗后HIV-1流行毒株pol区基因变异分析

Objective To investigate the variations in the pol region of HIV-1 strain in treatment failed patients in Yunnan province's Dehong prefecture and Kunming. Methods Blood samples were collected from 139 patients who experienced treatment failure ( HAART treatment ＞ 1 years and HIV-1 RNA Viral load ＞ 1 000 copies/ml). HIV-1 RNA was extracted from plasma, and nested-PCR was performed for amplification of PR and RT genes on the HIV-1 pol region. The PCR products were then sequenced and submitted to Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database for comparison. The evolution tree was built up with MEGA 4. 1 system, combined with patients' demographics. Results The most prevalent mutation in Kunming patients were T215F/N/Y/I, M41L/M, and T69G/N/I/S/A/D, the mutation rates were 39%(24/62), 27% (17/62) and 27% (17/62) , respectively, which were higher than the corresponding mutations in the Dehong prefecture [16% ( 11/69), 13% (9/69) and 9% (6/69)]. The rate differences were statistically significant ( x2 = 8.646, 4.242 and 7. 909, all P ＜ 0.05 ). The most common HIV-1 pol region subtype in the Dehong patients were CRF01_AE subtype (32%, 22/69), followed by C subtype (25% ,17/69), and B subtype ( 19%, 13/69). Major subtypes in Kunming patients were 08_BC (60%,37/62 ), CRF01_AE subtype(21% , 13/62 ) and 07_BC ( 15% ,9/62). Conclusions Partial differences of the point mutations of the HIV-1 strain pol region and frequency of their occurrences exist among Dehong and Kunming patients, HIV-1 strains in Dehong prefecture for the NNRTIs mutations at the T215 Y/N/T, M41L and T69G/N/I/S/A/D are significantly higher than those in Kunming. Six isoforms are found respectively:CRF01_AE, B, C, BC, 08_BC and 07_BC from the epidemic strains of HIV-1 pol region subtype in Dehong and Kunming areas.     

云南省德宏和昆明地区高效抗逆转录病毒治疗后HIV-1流行毒株pol区基因变异分析

Objective To investigate the variations in the pol region of HIV-1 strain in treatment failed patients in Yunnan province's Dehong prefecture and Kunming. Methods Blood samples were collected from 139 patients who experienced treatment failure ( HAART treatment ＞ 1 years and HIV-1 RNA Viral load ＞ 1 000 copies/ml). HIV-1 RNA was extracted from plasma, and nested-PCR was performed for amplification of PR and RT genes on the HIV-1 pol region. The PCR products were then sequenced and submitted to Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database for comparison. The evolution tree was built up with MEGA 4. 1 system, combined with patients' demographics. Results The most prevalent mutation in Kunming patients were T215F/N/Y/I, M41L/M, and T69G/N/I/S/A/D, the mutation rates were 39%(24/62), 27% (17/62) and 27% (17/62) , respectively, which were higher than the corresponding mutations in the Dehong prefecture [16% ( 11/69), 13% (9/69) and 9% (6/69)]. The rate differences were statistically significant ( x2 = 8.646, 4.242 and 7. 909, all P ＜ 0.05 ). The most common HIV-1 pol region subtype in the Dehong patients were CRF01_AE subtype (32%, 22/69), followed by C subtype (25% ,17/69), and B subtype ( 19%, 13/69). Major subtypes in Kunming patients were 08_BC (60%,37/62 ), CRF01_AE subtype(21% , 13/62 ) and 07_BC ( 15% ,9/62). Conclusions Partial differences of the point mutations of the HIV-1 strain pol region and frequency of their occurrences exist among Dehong and Kunming patients, HIV-1 strains in Dehong prefecture for the NNRTIs mutations at the T215 Y/N/T, M41L and T69G/N/I/S/A/D are significantly higher than those in Kunming. Six isoforms are found respectively:CRF01_AE, B, C, BC, 08_BC and 07_BC from the epidemic strains of HIV-1 pol region subtype in Dehong and Kunming areas.