人参皂苷Rg1干预骨髓间充质干细胞转化为多潜能干细胞关键基因mRNA的表达

背景：将成体细胞重编程为诱导多潜能干细胞方案主要通过反转录病毒将Oct-4,Sox2,c-Myc,Klf4等基因转入成体细胞而实现。目的：观察人参皂苷Rg1作用于骨髓间充质干细胞后,对成体细胞向诱导多潜能干细胞转化的关键性基因Oct4、Sox2、c-Myc、Klf4、NanogmRNA表达的影响。方法：培养骨髓间充质干细胞,对照组培养基为α-MEM,体积分数5%FBS,1%双抗;用药组培养基为α-MEM,体积分数15%FBS,1000U/mLRatESGRO,1%双抗,并加入6.25μmol/L和12.5μmol/L人参皂苷Rg1。检测骨髓间充质干细胞Oct4,Sox2,c-Myc,Klf4,Nanog等mRNA的表达。结果与结论：人参皂苷Rg16.25μmol/L培养30d,Nanog、c-Myc、Oct、Klf4、Sox2mRNA表达均有升高,且Nanog、c-Myc与对照组差异有显著性意义。人参皂苷Rg1能促进骨髓间充质干细胞表达c-Myc,Nanog,但Nanog阳性的诱导多潜能干细胞在基因表达谱上很难与胚胎干细胞区分出来,提示人参皂苷Rg1对骨髓间充质干细胞向诱导多潜能干细胞转化可能具有促进作用。     

人脐带间充质干细胞表达胚胎干细胞相关转录因子◆

背景:Nanog、Oct4和Sox2通过调节胚胎干细胞的基因转录,对其多潜能性和自我更新的能力具有关键性的调控作用,脐带间充质干细胞中这些胚胎干细胞相关转录因子的表达情况如何还不太清楚。目的:研究脐带间充质干细胞中Nanog、Oct4和Sox2等这些胚胎干细胞相关转录因子的表达情况。方法:胶原酶和胰酶消化法培养脐带间充质干细胞;mTeSRTM1体系进行无滋养层培养人胚胎干细胞,定量PCR比较上述两种细胞中Nanog、Oct4和Sox2 mRNA表达量的差异;免疫荧光检测上述两种细胞中Nanog、Oct4和Sox2的表达情况。结果与结论:间充质干细胞表达胚胎干细胞标记Nanog、Oct4和Sox2,但Oct4主要表达在胞浆,且以Oct4B为主。脐带间充质干细胞Nanog、Oct4A和Sox2的表达量明显低于胚胎干细胞,其mRNA表达量分别为胚胎干细胞的20%,0.3%,10%左右。通过了解两种细胞Nanog、Oct4和Sox2的表达差异,可为优化脐带间充质干细胞重编程提供依据,也为进一步研究胚胎干细胞相关转录因子在成体干细胞表达起何种作用提供参考。     

利用Sox2、Klf4、Oct4、c-Myc基因将脐带基质间充质细胞编程为多潜能干细胞

目的:探讨利用Sox2、Klf4、Oct4、c-Myc基因将脐带基质间充质细胞(UMC)编程为多潜能干细胞(iPS)的可能性。方法:原代分离培养UMC细胞,包装生产逆转录病毒感染UMC细胞,将感染后细胞接种到饲养层细胞培养,镜下观察细胞形态学变化。对编程后细胞进行碱性磷酸酶(AP)染色、检测细胞基因表达量和体内分化畸胎瘤实验。结果:获得原代UMC细胞,细胞被编程后形态类似于胚胎干细胞,细胞AP染色阳性,内源多能基因Oct4、Sox2、Nanog、Rex1表达量增高,外源编程基因Sox2、Klf4、Oct4、c-Myc表达沉默,细胞体内分化为畸胎瘤。结论:利用Sox2、Klf4、Oct4、c-Myc基因能将UMC细胞编程为iPS细胞。     

诱导性多潜能干细胞的研究现状和应用前景

2006年,Takahashi和Yamanaka[1]将4个转录因子Oct4、Sox2、Klf4和c-Myc(Yamanaka四因子)导入已分化的小鼠成纤维细胞,进而获得了类似于胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)的多能性干细胞,称之为"诱导多潜能干细胞"(induced pluripotent stem cells,iPS细胞)。随后,iPS细胞的研究引起了各国学者的大量关注,     

Mesh词表词汇实用例句：诱导多功能干细胞-induced pluripotent stem cells

译文：诱导多能干细胞：2006年日本京都大学Shinya Yamanaka在世界著名学术杂志《细胞》上率先报道了诱导多能干细胞的研究。他们把Oct3/4,Sox2,c-Myc和Klf4这四种转录因子基因克隆入病毒载体,     

血细胞诱导iPSC的研究进展及在输血医学上的应用

<正>自2007年日本[1]和美国[2]科学家分别宣布用4个转录因子将人成纤维细胞诱导成具有和胚胎干细胞(embryonicstem cell,ESC)类似功能的诱导多能性干细胞(induced pluri-potent stem cell,iPSC)后,关于它的研究迅猛发展,研究成果层出不穷。用于重新编程的转录因子从4个(Oct 4/Sox 2/Klf 4/c-Myc或Oct 4/Sox 2/Nanog/Lin 28)逐渐减少为2个     

参三七皂苷Rg1预适应对5-氮胞苷诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向心肌细胞转化的干预

目的:用药物预适应方法进行干细胞诱导已有报道,本实验观察中药参三七皂苷Rg1对5-氮胞苷诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向心肌细胞转化中的作用。方法:实验于2003-01/05在南京医科大学药理教研室完成。①实验材料:清洁级SD大鼠8只。参三七皂苷Rg18mg,批号20021017,由云南省长春花生物制剂公司提供,加入不含胎牛血清的IMDM培养液10mL,调配成10-4mol/L溶液,4℃保存。5-氮胞苷(Sigma公司,批号021209)。②实验方法:贴壁法体外培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞。设立4组:空白对照组常规培养后进行无血清处理,每3d换液1次;5-氮胞苷单用组单纯以10μmol/L的5-氮胞苷进行处理,其终浓度为1×10-8moL/L,连续诱导15d;5-氮胞苷 参三七皂苷Rg1预适应组分别加入0.1,1μmol/L参三七皂苷Rg1培养液处理24h,再各以10μmol/L的5-氮胞苷进行诱导,其终浓度为1×10-8moL/L,连续诱导15d。③实验评估:取第2代骨髓间充质干细胞,绘制生长曲线并计算群体倍增时间。观察诱导后骨髓间充质干细胞的生长形态学特征和细胞超微结构变化。激光共聚焦显微镜测定细胞表面积变化和细胞内钙离子浓度。结果:①5-氮胞苷诱导后骨髓间充质干细胞的生长形态学特征和细胞超微结构变化:骨髓间质干细胞胞体逐渐增大并伸出细长突起,在突起末端出现分支,部分相邻细胞的突起连接成网,形态学上表现出向心肌细胞方向转化的特征。其超微结构呈梭形,有明显的肌丝,细胞核呈单椭圆形,位于细胞中央,间质干细胞形似心肌细胞。②参三七皂苷Rg1预适应对5-氮胞苷诱导的骨髓间充质干细胞增殖特性的影响:与5-氮胞苷单用组比较,5-氮胞苷 参三七皂苷Rg1预适应组从第3天开始细胞数明显增加,细胞生长曲线均无明显的生长平台期,达到高峰后细胞数开始减少。③参三七皂苷Rg1预适应对5-氮胞苷诱导的骨髓间充质干细胞表面积的影响:与空白对照组骨髓间充质干细胞表面积比较,5-氮胞苷单用组明显降低,0.1,1μmol/L参三七皂苷Rg1预适应则能显著升高5-氮胞苷诱导的骨髓间充质干细胞表面积(P<0.01)。④参三七皂苷Rg1对5-氮胞苷诱导的骨髓间充质干细胞内游离钙水平的影响:与空白对照组比较,5-氮胞苷诱导4周后骨髓间充质干细胞内游离Ca2 相对荧光强度均明显升高(t=6.72,P<0.01),且5-氮胞苷 1μmol/L参三七皂苷Rg1预适应组升高幅度大于5-氮胞苷单用组(t=3.13,P<0.05)。结论:①参三七皂苷Rg1预适应在体外可显著刺激5-氮胞苷诱导的鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向心肌细胞转化和增殖,改善细胞形态,刺激细胞内钙离子增加。②参三七皂苷Rg1与5-氮胞苷对骨髓间充质干细胞向心肌细胞定向分化产生协同效应。     

外周血红系祖细胞来源诱导多能干细胞的建立

目的建立和鉴定外周血中红系祖细胞来源的诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,i PSCs)。方法从健康人外周血标本中分选红系祖细胞,将表达Oct4、Sox2、Lin28、L-Myc和Klf4转录因子的ori P/EBNAl附着体电转染红系祖细胞使其重编程获得i PSCs,并通过核型鉴定、碱性磷酸酶染色、RT-PCR反应、畸胎瘤形成实验及类胚体形成实验检测其干细胞多能性特性。结果获得的i PSCs核型正常,碱性磷酸酶染色呈阳性,表达干细胞多能性基因Sox2、Oct4、Nanog和Klf4和Lin28,体内畸胎瘤形成实验可分化为内、中、外三胚层细胞,体外可形成类胚体。结论成功建立外周血红系祖细胞来源具有多向分化潜能的i PSCs。     

脂肪基质干细胞和骨髓基质干细胞的体外分化能力

背景:脂肪基质干细胞和骨髓基质干细胞具有很多相似的生物学特性。目的:比较脂肪基质干细胞和骨髓基质干细胞与受损PC12细胞分别共培养后定向分化能力的差异。方法:分别分离培养脂肪组织来源和骨髓组织来源的基质干细胞,取第5代细胞进行实验,2种细胞分别与正常或受损PC12细胞培养上清液共培养,或仅单独培养。结果与结论:脂肪基质干细胞和骨髓基质干细胞均表达较高水平的CD44和CD29,而后者表达的CD45、CD56在前者几乎未检测到。单独培养的2种细胞均表达较高水平的Nanog、Oct4、Sox2,不表达神经元特异性烯醇酶。其中经受损PC12细胞干预的2种细胞Nanog、Oct4、Sox2表达水平显著降低,而脂肪基质干细胞中神经元特异性烯醇酶阳性细胞数更多,提示受损PC12细胞对于脂肪基质干细胞可能具有更强的诱导分化作用。     

肺干细胞、肺癌干细胞与肺癌

背景:随着肿瘤干细胞理论的出现,近年来通过杀死肿瘤干细胞而治疗肿瘤的研究逐渐兴起,并取得一定的进展。目的:综述肺干细胞、肺癌干细胞及肺癌的研究进展。方法:应用计算机检索中国全文期刊数据库及PubMed相关文献,检索词分别为"肺癌干细胞、肺癌、肺干细胞","lung stem cell,lung cancer stem cell,lungcancer,cancer stem cell",并限定语言为英语和中文,最终入选32篇文章进行综述。结果与结论:肺癌干细胞可能起源于正常肺组织干细胞,而肺癌干细胞可能是肺癌发生的重要因素。随着对肺癌干细胞研究的深入,肺癌治疗将会进入一个崭新的阶段。     

肿瘤干细胞与干细胞:来源、分化及其相关性

肿瘤干细胞是随着干细胞研究的逐步深入脱颖而出的一个新领域,虽其历史不长,但发展势头迅猛,呈现出潜在的良好前景.肿瘤干细胞的存在及其作为肿瘤形成、生长和转移基础的观点已得到广泛认同.在理论上,肿瘤干细胞既可来源于正常干细胞的转化,也可来源于致癌因素诱导下的去分化细胞,由于其包含全能、多能和单能干细胞,县备增殖和向不同方向分化的潜能,可据以解释肿瘤细胞的异质性以及对缺氧环境、抗癌药和放射线适应能力的原因.近些年来在该领域已取得了许多进展,但仍存在一些亟待解决的问题,如肿瘤干细胞的鉴定、生物学功能及作用机制等.     

端粒、端粒酶与干细胞

端粒、端粒酶与干细胞密切相关,在维持干细胞自我更新和增殖能力中起重要作用。端粒是真核细胞染色体末端的DNA重复序列和特异结合蛋白的复合体,富含鸟嘌呤,具有保护染色体的作用,端粒长度反映细胞的复制史及复制潜能。影响端粒长度的因素包括：端粒结合蛋白、端粒帽蛋白、端粒酶及DNA复制酶等,其中端粒酶是最主要的因素。端粒酶位于端粒末端,作用是合成端粒DNA序列,以抵消或延缓端粒随细胞分裂的不断缩短。端粒酶活性的丧失及其增殖相关基因表达的改变是造成干细胞体外复制和扩增受限的主要原因。随着组织细胞工程学的兴起,体外定向诱导干细胞分化为各种所需组织细胞已经成为研究的焦点,因此诱导和增加端粒酶的活性,维持干细胞分化、自我更新和增殖能力,延长干细胞的寿命具有重要意义。     

端粒、端粒酶与干细胞

端粒、端粒酶与干细胞密切相关,在维持干细胞自我更新和增殖能力中起重要作用.端粒是真核细胞染色体末端的DNA重复序列和特异结合蛋白的复合体,富含鸟嘌呤,具有保护染色体的作用,端粒长度反映细胞的复制史及复制潜能.影响端粒长度的凶素包括:端粒结合蛋白、端粒帽蛋白、端粒酶及DNA复制酶等,其中端粒酶是最主要的因素.端粒酶位于端粒末端,作用是合成端粒DNA序列,以抵消或延缓端粒随细胞分裂的不断缩短.端粒酶活性的丧失及其增殖相关基因表达的改变是造成干细胞体外复制和扩增受限的主要原因.随着组织细胞工程学的兴起,体外定向诱导干细胞分化为各种所需组织细胞已经成为研究的焦点,因此诱导和增加端粒酶的活性,维持干细胞分化、自我更新和增殖能力,延长干细胞的寿命具有重要意义.     

神经干细胞与脑胶质瘤干细胞

所有的肿瘤组织并不是由均一的肿瘤细胞所组成的,不同的细胞具有不同的增殖、浸润和转移能力,亦即肿瘤的异质性.其中存在少数担当着干细胞角色的肿瘤细胞,具有干细胞的基本特性,包括自我更新能力、无限的增殖能力和多向分化潜能,为肿瘤干细胞.神经干细胞具有很强的自我更新机制,获得较少突变即有可能恶性转化,而且干细胞存活时间较长,这意味着干细胞比成熟细胞发生细胞复制的错误几率更大.因外界环境的刺激而发生突变的机会更多,最终形成脑胶质瘤干细胞,同时调节神经干细胞增殖和自我更新的基因在脑胶质瘤的脑胶质瘤干细胞中也表达,这也是支持神经干细胞是脑胶质瘤干细胞来源的;也有推测认为它可能起源于已分化的细胞,由这些细胞突变发生去分化得来,并通过基因突变而获得了干细胞自我更新的特性,从而形成脑胶质瘤干细胞.通过探讨神经干细胞与脑胶质瘤干细胞,为脑胶质瘤的治疗提供依据.     

Cancer, stem cells, and oncolytic viruses

Cells with stem cell-like attributes, such as self-renewal and pluripotency, have been isolated from hematological malignancies and from several solid tumor types. Tumor-initiating cells, also referred to as cancer stem cells, are thought to be responsible for the initiation and growth of tumors. Like their normal counterparts, putative cancer stem cells show remarkable resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Their capacity for surviving apparently curative treatment can result in tumor relapse. Novel approaches that target tumor-initiating cells in addition to differentiated malignant cells, which constitute the bulk of the tumor, are required for improved survival of patients with metastatic tumors. Oncolytic viruses enter cells through infection and may therefore be resistant to defense mechanisms exhibited by cancer stem cells. Oncolytic adenoviruses can be engineered to attack tumor stem cells, recognized by linage-specific cell surface markers, dysfunctional stem cell-signaling pathways, or upregulated oncogenic genes. Normal stem cells may possess innate resistance to adenoviruses, as most humans have sustained numerous infections with various wild-type serotypes. This review focuses on current literature in support of cancer stem cells and discusses the possibility of using oncolytic virotherapy for killing these tumor-initiating cells.     

Cancer,stem cells,and oncolytic viruses

Cells with stem cell-like attributes, such as self-renewal and pluripotency, have been isolated from hematological malignancies and from several solid tumor types. Tumor-initiating cells, also referred to as cancer stem cells, are thought to be responsible for the initiation and growth of tumors. Like their normal counterparts, putative cancer stem cells show remarkable resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Their capacity for surviving apparently curative treatment can result in tumor relapse. Novel approaches that target tumor-initiating cells in addition to differentiated malignant cells, which constitute the bulk of the tumor, are required for improved survival of patients with metastatic tumors. Oncolytic viruses enter cells through infection and may therefore be resistant to defense mechanisms exhibited by cancer stem cells. Oncolytic adenoviruses can be engineered to attack tumor stem cells, recognized by linage-specific cell surface markers, dysfunctional stem cell-signaling pathways, or upregulated oncogenic genes. Normal stem cells may possess innate resistance to adenoviruses, as most humans have sustained numerous infections with various wild-type serotypes. This review focuses on current literature in support of cancer stem cells and discusses the possibility of using oncolytic virotherapy for killing these tumor-initiating cells.     

Telomeres, stem cells, senescence, and cancer

Mammalian aging occurs in part because of a decline in the restorative capacity of tissue stem cells. These self-renewing cells are rendered malignant by a small number of oncogenic mutations, and overlapping tumor suppressor mechanisms (e.g., p16(INK4a)-Rb, ARF-p53, and the telomere) have evolved to ward against this possibility. These beneficial antitumor pathways, however, appear also to limit the stem cell life span, thereby contributing to aging.     

Methodologies for isolation,expansion and differentiation of somatic stem cells(tissue stem cells)

Recent studies have shown that pluriponten stem cells are also found in adult tissue. These adult stem cells has a great advantage over other stem cells sources, human embryos or human fetal tissue, that trouble many people on ethical grounds. While the adult stem cells have great potential for use in the cell therapy, we must pass numerous technical hurdles to reach a goal. Here we describe a subset of problems encountered in isolation and expansion of somatic stem cells for clinical application. As it is necessary to obtain the enough number of cells to supply the defect tissue and organ, we required purification and ex vivo expansion of stem cells, overcoming senescence. We also refer to the argument about plasticity of adult stem cells.     

Inflammation, stem cells and atherosclerosis genetics

Atherosclerosis and its associated complications remain the primary cause of death in humans. Aging is the main contributor to atherosclerosis, compared with any other risk factor, yet the specific manner in which age increases risk (the 'aging-risk' mechanism) remains elusive. A novel concept for atherosclerosis risk implicates a lack of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-dependent arterial repair in the development of the disease that is secondary to exhaustion of repair-competent EPCs. Molecular evidence derived from genetic techniques indicates atherosclerotic lesions may begin to form as arterial repair fails, rather than merely following arterial injury. Thus, chronic arterial injury may overwhelm the ability of EPCs to maintain arterial homeostasis, particularly when EPCs capable of arterial repair become exhausted. Recent studies have reported genes identified using non-biased approaches (ie, genetic linkage studies and genome-wide association studies) that are associated with susceptibility for atherosclerosis and related thromboembolic disorders; these genes may be implicated in the control of arterial wall inflammation and EPC-mediated tissue repair. Most of the genes identified by using non-biased genomic techniques are associated with inflammation, immune response and stem cells. This review focuses on new genetic data in the field of atherosclerosis and arterial homeostasis.