HIV-1感染疾病缓慢进展者CD8+T淋巴细胞非细胞毒性免疫应答作用的研究

目的 探讨HIV-1感染疾病缓慢进展者CD8+T淋巴细胞非细胞毒性抗病毒应答功能(CNAR)的变化.方法 应用密度梯度离心法、免疫磁珠法纯化健康人CD4+T淋巴细胞和HIV感染者CD8+T淋巴细胞,用HIV毒株SF-33感染健康人CD4+T淋巴细胞,并加入不同疾病进程HIV感染者CD8+T淋巴细胞共培养,收集培养上清,应用ELISA方法测定上清中HIV-1 p24含量.结果 我们研究发现缓慢进展组(slow progressors,SP)、HIV典型进展组(typical progressors,TP)、健康对照组及AIDS组中CNAR功能依次下降(89%>77%>73%>61%),各组间的下降差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);在HIV感染者中,CNAR功能与CD4+T细胞绝对计数呈显著正相关;与病毒载量无显著相关性.结论 CNAR功能对HIV感染疾病不进展可能具有保护作用.     

HIV/AIDS患者CD28在外周血CD4+、CD8+ T细胞上的表达变化

目的　研究国内HIV AIDS患者CD2 8在外周血CD4 + 、CD8+ T淋巴细胞上表达的变化 ,并探讨这些变化的临床意义。方法　用流式细胞仪检测 5 1例正常对照、14例HIV感染者和 36例AIDS患者的外周血CD4 + 、CD8+ T淋巴细胞表面的CD2 8分子的表达 ,用bDNA法检测 11例HIV感染者和 18例AIDS患者的血浆病毒载量。结果　CD4 + CD2 8+ T细胞的绝对计数与百分比、CD8+ CD2 8+T细胞的百分比均显示为正常对照组 >HIV感染组 >AIDS组 ;而CD8+ CD2 8+ T细胞的绝对计数显示HIV感染组和对照组显著大于AIDS组 ,HIV感染组与对照组间差异无显著性。CD4 + 、CD2 8+ CD4 + T淋巴细胞计数与血浆病毒载量显著负相关。结论　HIV AIDS患者外周血CD2 8在CD4 + 、CD8+ T淋巴细胞上表达随着病情进展而降低 ,反映了细胞免疫功能随着疾病进展损害逐渐加重 ,是判断病情进展的指标。     

无症状期HIV感染者CD4+和CD8+T细胞计数与病毒载量的关系

艾滋病是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染所导致的以免疫系统功能缺陷为特征的慢性高致死率传染病.CD4+T细胞是HIV损害的主要靶细胞,HIV可引起CD4+T淋巴细胞进行性丢失与功能受限[1-2].在HIV感染早期,CD8+T细胞增多并通过分泌各种细胞因子杀死被病毒感染的靶细胞,其高表达与病毒量载量呈正相关[3],而随着疾病进展,CD8+T细胞会消耗性减少.CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞计数与病毒载量的相关性一直为研究者关注[4-6].本研究检测了无症状期感染者,外周血CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞计数与病毒载量并分析它们的相关性.     

急性HIV感染者外周血T淋巴细胞CD57抗原动态表达及临床意义分析

目的 研究CD57在HIV急性感染者外周血T淋巴细胞的动态表达情况及临床意义.方法 随机选取2006年11月-2009年12月期间确诊为HIV-1急性感染的17位患者为研究对象,15例健康体检者为对照组,收集HIV感染者1、3、6个月时间点及对照组外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),以流式细胞仪双色、三色分析法分别分析CD3+ CD57+T淋巴细胞、CD3+ CD4+ CD57+T淋巴细胞、CD3+CD8+CD57+T淋巴细胞的比例,并分析其与病毒载量、CD4+T细胞计数间的相关性.结果 在感染1、3、6个月外周血淋巴细胞中,CD57+T淋巴细胞比例分别为15.24％±1.49％、13.51％±2.45％及14.65％ ±1.83％,正常对照组CD57+T淋巴细胞比例为3.72％±0.56％,HIV感染1、3、6个月CD57+T淋巴细胞比例较正常对照组明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.0001).在感染的1个月、3个月外周血中CD8+CD57+在淋巴细胞中的比例分别为7.79％ +2.10％、9.88％±2.36％,与对应时间点的病毒载量成正相关关系,R2分别为0.3700、0.3768,P值分别为0.0096、0.0088;与对应时间点CD4+T细胞计数成负相关关系,R2分别为0.3768、0.4235,P值分别为0.0215、0.0017.急性HIV感染1个月时间点,6例病情快速进展患者与11例病情非快速进展患者,CD8+ CD57+T细胞比例分别为11.20％±2.21％、6.16％±1.09％,CD4+ CD57+T淋巴细胞比例分别为2.79％ ±0.31％、1.40％±0.30％,病情快速进展患者CD8+CD57+T、CD4+CD57+T淋巴细胞比例均高于病情非快速进展组,P值分别为0.0338、0.0106.结论 HIV感染急性期CD57+T淋巴细胞比例增加,其中CD8+ CD57+T淋巴细胞百分比可反映HIV病毒载量变化及CD4+T淋巴细胞的计数情况,HIV急性感染早期CD57在淋巴细胞高表达提示病情进展迅速.     

HIV感染者CD4~+T细胞TIGIT受体及其配体CD155表达情况研究

目的研究人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)未治疗感染者CD4~+T细胞表面TIGIT受体及其配体CD155表达的情况。方法选取24例未经高效抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者和20例HIV抗体阴性健康对照(HIVnegative normal control,NC),用流式细胞仪检测受试对象外周血CD4~+T细胞表面TIGIT受体及其相关配体CD155的表达情况。结果未治疗HIV感染者CD4~+T细胞TIGIT受体表达百分数较健康人组表达明显增高(P0.000 1),并且与CD4~+T细胞绝对计数呈负相关(r=-0.444 1,P=0.029 7)。在未治疗HIV感染者中,CD4~+T细胞计数350/μl组CD4~+T细胞TIGIT表达百分数明显低于CD4~+T细胞计数≤350/μl组(P=0.029 2);病毒载量10~5/ml组CD4~+T细胞TIGIT表达百分数明显高于病毒载量≤10~5/ml组(P=0.015 5)。未治疗HIV感染者CD4~+T细胞表面CD155表达百分数与健康人组相比明显增高(P=0.004 2),且与病毒载量呈正相关(r=0.467 7,P=0.021 2),其中病毒载量10~5/ml组CD4~+T细胞CD155表达百分数明显高于病毒载量≤10~5/ml组(P0.000 1)。结论未治疗HIV感染者CD4~+T细胞TIGIT受体及其配体CD155表达百分数明显升高,且与CD+4绝对计数及病毒载量存在关联性,可为HIV患者的治疗和预后评估提供重要科学依据。     

HIV/AIDS患者疾病进程与CD4+CD25hi调节性T细胞之间相关性研究

目的 通过分析不同阶段HIV感染者外周血CD4+CD25hi调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25hiregulatory T cells,Treg cells)与外周血免疫状态和病毒载量的相关性,探讨Treg细胞对HIV/AIDS发病进程的影响.方法 采集116例HIV感染者和21例正常人对照外周血,用4色流式细胞术进行CD4+和CD8+T细胞绝对数计数;用3色流式细胞术进行Treg细胞测定;用荧光定量PCR法进行HIVRNA载晕测定.实验数据用回归统计学方法和T检验方法进行分析.结果 HIV感染者外周血Treg细胞频率在HIV感染初期显著下降,之后随着疾病的进程逐渐升高.在CD4+T细胞大于300/μl的患者低于正常对照组,在CD4+T细胞小于100/μl的患者高于正常对照组,差异具有统计学意义.Treg细胞频率与CD4+T淋巴细胞绝对数和CD4+/CD8+之间均呈负相关.其相关系数r和P值各为r=-0.564,P＜0.001和r=-0.377,P＜0.001;Treg细胞频率与血浆HIV病毒载量呈正相关,其相关系数r=0.514.P＜0.001.结论 CD4+CD25hi Treg细胞可能是参与艾滋病免疫发病机理的重要细胞,在HIV感染发病进程的不同阶段具有不同的意义,其确切机制有待进行进一步研究.     

HIV感染者外周血CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+/CD127low/-调节性T细胞表达水平对疾病进展的影响

目的:探讨HIV感染者外周血中CD4+ CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞(Treg)、CD4+ CD25+ CD127low/-Treg的水平及其与其他免疫指标的关系.方法:采集68例未经抗HIV治疗的HIV/AIDS患者(长期不进展组即LTNP组29例、典型进展的HIV感染组27例、AIDS组12例)及20例健康成人的外周抗凝全血,经免疫荧光染色,应用流式细胞仪分析CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞、NK细胞及CD4+CD25+Foxp3+/CD127low/-Treg的含量,并进行统计学分析.结果:除CD8+T细胞外,HIV/AIDS患者外周血中CD4+T细胞、NK细胞、CD4 +/CD8+结果均明显低于健康对照组(P＜0.05);随着疾病的进展,LTNP组、HIV组、AIDS组CD4+T细胞百分比、绝对值计数,CD8+T细胞绝对计数,NK细胞绝对计数,CD4 +/CD8+比值逐渐下降,而CD8+T细胞百分比逐渐上升.对CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg与CD4+ CD25+CD127low/-Treg百分含量、绝对计数进行多重比较发现,各组间CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg与CD4-CD25+ CD127low/-Treg所占CD4+T细胞百分含量的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),并且随着疾病的发展,CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+/CD127low/ Treg细胞百分含量逐渐上升,LTNP组与健康对照组之间、HIV组和AIDS组之间CD4+ CD25+Foxp3+/CD127low/ Treg绝对计数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),其余各组间的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),并且随着疾病的发展,CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3-/CD127low/-Treg绝对计数逐渐下降.结论:CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3 +/CD127low/-Treg在HIV持续感染的免疫发病机制中有一定作用.     

中国HIV感染长期不进展者相关免疫指标的研究

目的:研究中国HIV感染长期不进展者(Long-term nonprogressors,LTNP)相关免疫指标的变化。方法:采集284例未经抗HIV治疗的LTNP、典型进展的HIV感染者和AIDS病人及130例HIV抗体阴性健康人的抗凝全血,应用流式细胞仪分析技术对CD8+T淋巴细胞、NK细胞及DC细胞进行测定。结果:LTNPCD8+T淋巴细胞绝对值[(1104.51±511.81)个/μl]高于AIDS病人[(678.40±295.39)个/μl,P<0.05]。LTNPNK细胞的绝对值[(377.59±289.23)个/μl]显著高于HIV感染者[(292.49±445.87)个/μl]和AIDS病人[(153.62±110.36)个/μl,P<0.05]。LTNPCD123+DCs细胞绝对值[(6.76±3.74)个/μl]高于HIV感染者[(5.30±3.16)个/μl]和AIDS病人[(3.32±2.09)个/μl,P<0.05]。LTNPCD11c+DCs细胞绝对值[(21.73±11.92)个/μl]高于HIV感染者[(14.51±9.53)个/μl]和AIDS病人[(7.27±3.74)个/μl,P<0.05]。结论:LTNPCD8+T淋巴细胞、NK细胞和DC细胞高于典型进展的HIV感染者和AIDS病人,是延缓疾病进程的重要因素。     

慢性HIV感染者抗逆转录病毒治疗过程中树突状细胞亚群的变化特点

目的 了解慢性人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)过程中树突状细胞(DC)亚群的变化特点.方法 选取ART治疗的慢性HIV感染者17例,分别于治疗0,4,8,12,24,48,60周采集静脉血,同时选取健康者、长期不进展者(LTNPs)各15例为对照.常规进行CD4+/CD8+T细胞计数和病毒载量测定;用流式细胞术测定DC亚群,ELISA测定血浆IFN-α水平;采用SPSS16.0软件分析数据特点.结果 (1) ART治疗前HIV感染者髓样树突状细胞(mDC)百分比及绝对计数明显低于健康组和LTNP组(P＜0.001).ART治疗60周后,HIV感染者mDC明显增加,与健康组、LTNP组之间差异无统计学意义.(2) ART治疗过程中浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDC)数量和血浆IFN-α水平保持相对稳定,且接近健康组、LTNP组水平.(3) ART治疗前DC亚群细胞计数与CD4+T细胞计数正相关.ART治疗12、24、60周,mDC细胞计数与CD4+T细胞计数正相关,与病毒载量负相关.ART治疗8周mDC细胞计数增加值与治疗60周CD4+T细胞计数增加值正相关,与病毒载量下降值负相关.结论 HIV感染者mDC细胞数量明显减少,ART治疗后明显上升,与CD4+T细胞计数正相关,提示mDC在控制HIV感染方面可能具有重要作用.治疗早期mDC细胞数量可能是ART治疗后免疫重建的早期预测指标.     

HIV 感染者调节性T 细胞表面B、T 淋巴细胞衰减因子的表达研究

目的:对HIV 感染者调节性T 细胞(Regulatory T cell,Treg)上B 、T 淋巴细胞衰减因子(B and T lymphocyte at-tenuator,BTLA)的表达水平进行检测,并探讨其在HIV 感染进程中的作用。方法:选取24 例感染在一年之内的HIV 早期感染者(Early HIV infected patients,EHI 组)、14 例感染超过一年的HIV 慢性感染者(CD4+ T 计数>200 cells/ μl,HIV 组)、6 例AIDS患者(CD4+ T 计数<200 cells/ μl,AIDS 组)和9 例健康人作为对照,应用流式细胞仪检测不同时期感染者及健康对照者Treg 细胞BTLA 的表达水平,分析其与疾病进展及免疫活化的相关性。结果:随着HIV 疾病进展,EHI 组、HIV 组及AIDS 组Treg 细胞BTLA 表达水平依次升高,其中HIV 组与AIDS 组Treg 细胞BTLA 表达水平显著高于EHI 组(P<0.05 及P<0.01),AIDS 组Treg 细胞BTLA 的表达水平高于健康对照(P<0.05);Treg 细胞BTLA 表达水平与CD4+ T 淋巴细胞计数呈负相关(P<0.001),与病毒载量呈正相关(P<0.01);Treg 细胞BTLA 表达水平与活化CD4+ CD38+ T 淋巴细胞及CD4+ HLA-DR+ T 淋巴细胞呈正相关(P<0.001,P<0.001)。结论:HIV 感染者Treg 细胞BTLA 表达升高,与疾病进展显著相关,提示其可能通过加强Treg 细胞的抑制功能加速疾病进展,并为未来HIV 感染的干预提供信息。     

CD8+ Cell Anti-HIV Activity Rapidly Increases Upon Discontinuation of Early Antiretroviral Therapy

Introduction  CD8+ lymphocytes can suppress HIV replication without killing the infected cells. This CD8+ cell noncytotoxic anti-HIV response (CNAR) is associated with a beneficial clinical course. Materials and Methods  In this longitudinal study of 16 participants in the Options Project at UCSF, we measured the ability of CD8+ lymphocytes to suppress HIV replication in CD4+ cells during primary HIV infection, early antiretroviral therapy, and after treatment. Results and Discussion  CD8+ lymphocytes from subjects with untreated primary HIV-1 infection strongly suppressed HIV replication. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy during primary HIV-1 infection caused a marked decline in this CNAR. CD8+ cells from these subjects regained anti-HIV activity when early therapy was discontinued. The timing of the appearance of CD8+ cell anti-HIV activity directly correlated with the emergence of detectable virus levels. Maximal CNAR activity coincided with a decay in the kinetics of HIV replication. In addition, peak viral loads during treatment interruption were lower than pre-treatment virus levels (median reduction = 0.8 logs, p = 0.005) and CD4+ T cell counts were maintained for a 24-week period of follow-up. Conclusion  These results suggest that CNAR plays an important role in suppressing HIV replication in the setting of antiretroviral treatment interruption in HIV-infected individuals.     

A screening assay for detecting CD8+ cell non-cytotoxic anti-HIV responses

The rate of HIV-1 disease progression is influenced by several factors that include pathogen and host genetic variations and the quality of antiviral immune responses. The CD8+ cell non-cytotoxic antiviral response (CNAR) substantially suppresses HIV replication in CD4+ cells and is positively associated with an asymptomatic clinical state. Traditionally, the measurement of CNAR has required several culture procedures and costly reagents. Here we report the development and validation of a screening assay for detection of CNAR that accurately identifies individuals benefiting from this response. Use of the CNAR screening assay should facilitate the evaluation of this important immune parameter in studies of HIV pathogenesis, resistance to infection, and vaccine development.     

CD4+ lymphocyte values and trends in individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and/or co-infected with Hepatitis C Virus in The Gambia

Objectives

This study was undertaken to monitor the CD4+ lymphocyte count in individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and/or co-infected with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and to compare this with the counts in normal individuals in The Gambia.

Methods

Blood samples were taken from 1500 individuals referred for HIV serology at the Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital (RVTH) following informed consent. Samples were tested for antibodies to HIV by the Murex ELISA, antibodies to HCV by the Ortho ELISA, and CD4 counts determined by the Dynalimmunomagnetic cell isolation method

Results

Of the 1500 patients screened for HIV and HCV antibodies, 6.7% (101/1500) were infected with HIV, 0.6 % (9/1500) were co-infected with HCV and 1.5 % (22/1500) were infected with HCV alone. Almost half (44.6%; 25/56) of HIV-1 infected patients had a CD4+ lymphocyte count at diagnosis of 200 cells/µl or less as compared to 41.7 % (10/24) of HIV-2 and 75% (6/8) of HIV-D infected patients. The rate of CD4 decline was higher among HIV/HCV co-infected persons than individuals infected with HIV or HCV. The rate of decline was higher among men than women. These differences did not reach statistical significance due in large part to the small number of participants who completed the programme. The CD4+ lymphocyte count of apparently healthy Gambian male and females was 489 cells/µl and 496 cells/µl respectively. This rate is lower than that reported for Caucasians, but in agreement with the global range.

Conclusion

A significant progressive decline in CD4+ lymphocyte count was observed among the female control group who were negative for HIV and HCV. This finding is unclear and calls for a longitudinal study involving a cohort of women in this region.Short title: CD4+ counts in HIV/HCV co-infection     

Study of CD4+CD8+ double positive T-lymphocyte phenotype and function in Indian patients infected with HIV-1

CD4+CD8+ double positive T cells represent a minor peripheral blood lymphocyte population. CD4+ expression on CD8+ T cells is induced following cellular activation, and as chronic HIV-1 infection is associated with generalized immune activation, double positive T cells studies have become necessary to understand the immunopathology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The frequency of double positive T cells in persons infected with HIV was studied in comparison to uninfected controls. Further, the expression of CD38, HLA-DR, and programmed death (PD)-1 on these cells were ascertained. HIV-1 specific double positive T cells were also studied for their cytokine secretory ability and phenotype. A significantly higher double positive cell population was observed in the patients with advanced HIV disease (CD4+ T cell counts below 200 cells/μl), as compared to patients with CD4+ T cell counts above 500 cells/μl. Double positive T cells from patients with symptomatic HIV disease had a significantly increased activation and exhaustion levels, compared to asymptomatic subjects and to single positive T cells from the same subjects. HIV-1 specific double positive T cells showed further increase in CD38 and PD-1 expression levels. The proportion of CD38 and PD-1 expressing total and HIV-1 specific double positive T cells correlated positively with HIV-1 plasma viremia and negatively with CD4+ T cell counts. HIV infection results in a marked increase of double positive T cell population, and this cell population shows higher level of activation and exhaustion (increased PD-1 expression) compared to the single positive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.     

Effect of IL-2 Therapy on CD8+ Cell Noncytotoxic Anti-HIV Response During Primary HIV-1 Infection

Early treatment intervention during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a strategy aimed to preserve and/or enhance the developing anti-HIV immune responses. We report the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) combined with intermittent subcutaneous doses of Interleukin 2 (IL-2) on CD8(+) cell noncytotoxic anti-HIV responses (CNAR), as well as on viral loads and CD4(+) cell/CD8(+) cell numbers in subjects with primary HIV-1 infection. Twenty-four patients received HAART, 24 received a combination of HAART plus IL-2, and 12 elected no-therapy. In comparison to HAART alone, IL-2 treatment led to significant increases in CD4(+) cell numbers through week 48 of the study. No effect was observed on viral loads or the CD8(+) cell population. The first cycle of IL-2 enhanced CNAR; later cycles showed no substantial effect. This study suggests that HAART combined with IL-2 could provide an immunologic benefit in the treatment of early HIV infection.     

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 specific and natural cellular immunity in HIV seronegative subjects with multiple sexual exposures to virus.

The probability of HIV infection by sexual contact, although it varies greatly, appears to be lower than that of infection by other routes of exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunological determinants involved in protection against HIV infection in subjects with multiple and repeated sexual exposures to the virus. Twenty-two subjects were studied for CD8+ cell anti-HIV suppression activity and serum neutralizing activity against the HIV strain of their own partners, beta-chemokine production, and natural killer cell activity. CD8+ cell anti-HIV activity and neutralizing activity of sera were found in 13 (76%) and 12 (70.5%) out of 17 HIV-1 negative subjects, respectively. Six individuals had a relevant immune response against HIV: three subjects with a high CD8+ cell antiviral suppression activity and three individuals with sera neutralizing activity titer >1:10. These last three subjects had the highest beta-chemokine levels, a very prolonged period of multiple sexual intercourse (>6 years) and a seropositive partner with a high viral load. A partial reduction of neutralizing activity titer was observed when pre-incubating the sera with anti-beta-chemokine neutralizing antibodies. A spontaneous natural killer cell activity was suppressed in the majority of HIV-1 negative subjects with sexual exposure in comparison with normal individuals. The protection from sexual HIV transmission appears to be the result of a network of different humoral and cellular factors.