人乳头瘤病毒DNA相关序列与p53基因突变对大肠癌生物学行为 …

目的 探讨人乳头瘤病毒ＤＮＡ相关序列与ｐ５３基因突变及Ｐ５３蛋白表达的关系,及其对大肠癌生物学行为的影响。方法 采用ＰＣＲ方法检测大肠癌及癌旁组织,肝转移灶中ＨＰＶＤＮＡ相关序列。并应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ及免疫组化技术分别检测Ｐ５３基因突变及Ｐ５３蛋白表达。     

胆汁中突变基因与大肠癌肝转移关系的研究

目的 探讨胆汁中的点突变基因对诊断大肠癌肝转移的价值。方法 采用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ及ＤＮＡ测序技术,检测大肠癌患者原发灶、肝转移灶、胆汁中相同突变位点的ｐ５３、ｋ－ｒａｓ基因。结果 在５０例大肠癌中,检出有ｐ５３、ｋ－ｒａｓ基因突变３８例（７６．０％）。其中有ｐ５３基因突变２８例（５６．０％）,ｋ－ｒａｓ基因突变１６例（３２．０％）。在１２例出现肝转移者的胆汁中检出有与原发灶相同的点突变基因者１０例     

ras、p53基因突变和蛋白表达与尿路上皮肿瘤预后的关系

目的　研究ｒａｓ、ｐ５３ 基因突变和蛋白表达及ＤＮＡ 倍体异常与尿路上皮肿瘤预后关系。　方法　应用ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ和流式免疫荧光法检测５２ 例尿路上皮肿瘤Ｋｒａｓ 和ｐ５３ 基因突变及蛋白表达和ＤＮＡ 含量变化。　结果　Ｋｒａｓ、ｐ５３ 基因突变分别为５ 例（９ ．６ ％ ） 和２２ 例（４２ ．３ ％ ） ;ｒａｓ ｐ２１ 、ｐ５３ 蛋白阳性表达分别为３６ 例（６９ ．２ ％ ） 和３３ 例（６３ ．５ ％ ） ;异倍体和二倍体肿瘤分别为２２ 例（４２ ．３ ％ ） 和３０ 例（５７ ．７ ％ ） ;ＤＮＡ 倍体异常、ｐ５３ 基因突变及ｒａｓ ｐ２１ 和ｐ５３ 蛋白表达与肿瘤病理分级、分期及预后密切相关（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ;异倍体肿瘤其ｐ５３ 基因突变、ｒａｓ ｐ２１ 和ｐ５３ 蛋白表达率均明显高于二倍体肿瘤（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。　结论　ＤＮＡ 倍体异常、ｐ５３ 基因突变及ｒａｓ ｐ２１ 和ｐ５３ 蛋白表达对尿路上皮肿瘤预后判断有重要意义。     

甲状腺癌中p53基因248位密码子突变及其蛋白过度表达的临床意义

对５４例甲状腺癌标本分别用ＤＮＡ聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性分析（ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ）法检测ｐ５３基因第２４８位密码子的突变及免疫组化法检测ｐ５３蛋白，并用时序检验分析ｐ５３基因突变和ｐ５３蛋白表达与甲状腺癌的关系。结果发现，甲状腺癌中１５例（２７８％）有ｐ５３基因突变和３０例（５５６％）有ｐ５３蛋白过度表达，临床分期晚、分化程度低的甲状腺癌突变率较高，ｐ５３抑癌基因突变和ｐ５３蛋白阳性的病例有较高的复发率和死亡率。表明ｐ５３基因突变及其蛋白过度表达在甲状腺癌的发生和发展过程中起重要作用，是预后不良的标志。     

膀胱乳头状移行细胞癌中高危人乳头瘤病毒的检测

目的对高危人乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）１６、１８ＤＮＡ在膀胱癌组织中进行定位研究。方法运用地高辛标记的原位杂交技术对５２例膀胱乳头状移行细胞癌中高危ＨＰＶＤＮＡ进行检测。结果ＨＰＶＤＮＡ的阳性信号存在于肿瘤细胞核内,呈点状或点片状,其中以点状为主,约８９５％。癌旁不典型增生上皮、癌旁正常的上皮组织及Ｂｒｕｎｎ巢可同时有高危ＨＰＶ的感染,但表达呈点片状。５２例膀胱乳头状移行细胞癌中高危型ＨＰＶ１６、１８ＤＮＡ阳性１９例,阳性率为３６５％;ＰＴａＴ２期１７例,ＰＴ３Ｔ４期２例;Ｇ１,２级１４例,Ｇ３级５例。随着肿瘤分期分级的增加,ＨＰＶ１６及ＨＰＶ１８的感染率有逐渐降低的趋势,但差异无统计学意义（Ｐ＞００５）。结论病毒ＤＮＡ在膀胱癌变组织、癌旁正常及不典型增生组织中均有不同程度的表达。膀胱乳头状移行细胞癌ＨＰＶ感染率较高,浸润较浅分化较好的肿瘤更多见,提示该病毒感染可能是膀胱癌发生的早期诱因之一。     

高危性人乳头瘤病毒与抑癌基因P53在膀胱癌中的表达

用ＰＣＲ法检测５２例膀胱癌组织中人高危性乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）ＤＮＡ，同时用免疫组化方法检测其Ｐ５３蛋白的过度表达，发现２８例（５３．８４％）ＨＰＶＤＮＡ阳性，１９例（３６．５４％）肿瘤细胞核Ｐ５３染色阳性，二者同时阳性者３例（５．７７％）。ＨＰＶＤＮＡ阳性者多见于高分化、非侵袭性肿瘤中，相反Ｐ５３蛋白阳性则主要表现在低分化、侵袭性肿瘤中。ＨＰＶＤＮＡ和Ｐ５３的表达呈显著性负相关（ｒ＝－０．５７６９）。结果提示：ＨＰＶ感染或Ｐ５３的过度表达与膀胱肿瘤的生物学行为有关，并可将其作为膀胱肿瘤的预后评价指标。     

甲状腺癌中p53基因248位密码子突变及其蛋白过度表达的临…

对５４例甲状腺癌标本分别用ＤＮＡ聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性分析（ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ）法检测ｐ５３基因第２４８位密码子的突变及免疫组化法检测ｐ５３蛋白，并用时序检验分析ｐ５３基因突变和ｐ５３蛋白表达与甲状腺癌的关系。结果发现，甲状腺癌中１５例（２７．８％）有ｐ５３基因突变和３０例（５５．６％）有ｐ５３蛋白过度表达，临床分期晚、分化程度低的甲状腺癌突变率较高，ｐ５３抑癌基因突变和ｐ５３蛋白阳性病     

前列腺癌中P53基因突变及蛋白表达的研究

运用免疫组织化学ＬＳＡＢ法（链菌素－生物素标记法），结合ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ（ＰＣＲ限制性片段长度多态）、ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ（ＰＣＲ单链结构多态）技术，探讨了３４例前列腺癌穿刺标本中Ｐ５３蛋白表达及基因（５～８外显子）突变情况，发现３４例前列腺场中７例有Ｐ５３蛋白表达阳性，阳性率为２０．６％。２０例前列腺良性增生及１０例正常前列腺组织中Ｐ５３蛋白表达均为阴性（Ｐ＜０．０５），在前列腺癌高、中分化组及前列腺癌低、未分化组Ｐ５３蛋白表达阳性率分别为５．３％及４０％（Ｐ＜０．０５），在ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ中提示１例前列腺癌中有Ｐ５３突变，ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ中提示３例Ｐ５３基因突变（５～６外显子），一例无Ｐ５３基因扩增产物，高度怀疑为Ｐ５３基因的缺失，３４例前列腺癌中，ＣＴ及骨扫描提示有转移者为１０例，其中５例为Ｐ５３蛋白表达阳性，阳性率５０％，与非转移组阳性率比较Ｐ＜０．０５。本研究表明Ｐ５３基因突变参与前列腺癌的发生发展过程，与其转移的生物学行为关系密切。分析了以上不同方法在检测Ｐ５３基因突变中的价值。     

PCR-SSCP银染色法检测膀胱癌患者尿脱落细胞P53基因突变

采用ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ银染色法检测５８例膀胱移行细胞癌患者尿脱落细胞Ｐ５３基因５８外显子突变。结果发现健康者和非膀胱癌患者的尿脱落细胞均无Ｐ５３基因突变，１９例膀胱癌患者尿脱落细胞存在Ｐ５３基因突变，其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级膀胱癌分别为０％（０／１６），２５％（７／２８）和８６％（１２／１４），Ｐ＜００１；表浅性（ＰＴｉｓ～Ｔ１）和浸润性膀胱癌（ＰＴ２Ｔ４）分别为１１％（４／３６）和６８％（１５／２２），Ｐ＜００１；初发和复发膀胱癌分别为９％（２／２２）和４７％（１７／３６），Ｐ＜００１；单发和多发膀胱癌分别为３１％（１２／３９）和３７％（７／１９），Ｐ＞００５。结论：ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ银染色法是一种可靠、快速、实用的Ｐ５３基因突变检测方法。Ｐ５３基因突变主要发生在高级、期的膀胱癌，与膀胱癌的早期复发有密切关系，而与其多灶性无关。Ｐ５３基因突变的检测对预测膀胱癌的进展，复发的早期诊断具有重要的临床意义     

大肠癌细胞p53基因突变与细胞凋亡及细胞倍性的关系

目的　了解ｐ５３ 基因突变、细胞倍性、细胞凋亡三者的关系,探讨突变型ｐ５３ 基因在肿瘤发生中的作用机制。方法　采用 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ Ｓ Ｓ Ｃ Ｐ（ 单链构象多态性） 检测ｐ５３ 基因突变,用流式细胞仪 Ｆａｃｓｃａｎ 检测大肠癌细胞染色体倍性、凋亡率及其在细胞周期各相中的分布情况。结果　大肠癌标本ｐ５３基因突变率为５０ ％ ;其中突变组肿瘤细胞凋亡率（２２ ．１１ ％ ） 明显低于未突变组细胞凋亡率（４０ ．５７ ％ ） ,（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ;突变组异倍体细胞百分率（ 占７６ ．９ ％ ） 明显高于未突变组（ 占４６ ．２ ％ ） ,（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ;异倍体肿瘤细胞凋亡率为３４ ．０ ％ ,二倍体肿瘤细胞凋亡率为４０ ．７ ％ ,二者差异无显著性（ Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） 。结论　ｐ５３ 基因突变使肿瘤细胞凋亡率下降,进而促进肿瘤发生、发展。ｐ５３ 基因突变多见于异倍体细胞,细胞凋亡率与细胞倍性无关。     

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA and p53 gene mutations in human prostate cancer

The relationship between integration with human papillomavirus (HPV) and p53 gene mutations in tissues of prostate cancer was examined. Tissue samples analyzed were obtained by total prostatectomy (29 stage B cancer cases) and from autopsy (22 endocrine therapy-resistant metastatic disease cases). HPV DNA was detected in 8 of 51 (16%, 5 in stage B and 3 in autopsy cases) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using consensus primers on L1 region. Genotypes of HPV were entirely type 16. Structural abnormalities of p53 gene were detected in 7 of the 22 autopsy cases (32%) by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing. No p53 gene mutation was found in stage B cancer cases. Analysis of mutation spectra revealed clear differences between Japanese and Westerners. There was a significant difference in the mutation frequency between stage B and autopsy cases (P < 0.01, Fisher's exact test). One case showed both integration of HPV and p53 gene mutation in different cancer foci. However, the other cases revealed an inverse correlation between the presence of HPV DNA and p53 gene mutations. These data show that p53 genetic alteration is correlated with the progression of prostate cancer, in contrast to the integration of HPV that may occur in a relatively early stage. In conclusion, this study may indicate that either p53 gene mutation or the presence of HPV's oncogenic protein E6 is involved in the development of prostate cancer. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Presence of human papillomavirus DNA and abnormal p53 protein accumulation in lung carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: In some carcinomas inactivation of the tumour suppressor gene product p53, either by point mutation or indirectly by the human papillomavirus (HPV), has been suggested as two alternative routes to malignant transformation. To test this hypothesis in lung tumours, 43 lung carcinomas were analysed by in situ hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of HPV DNA, and the results were compared with p53 protein immunohistochemical analysis. METHODS: The presence of HPV DNA in lung carcinoma was detected by nucleic acid in situ hybridisation for HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33 using nonradioactively labelled DNA probes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was performed on all cases showing positive HPV DNA labelling by in situ hybridisation and in an additional 13 negative cases. Abnormal nuclear accumulation of the p53 protein was revealed by immunohistochemistry using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method and a CM-1 polyclonal anti-human p53 antibody and a monoclonal mutation-specific Pab 240 p53 antibody. RESULTS: HPV DNA was found by in situ hybridisation in 13 lung carcinomas (30%). In all these cases subtype-specific HPV DNA could also be detected by PCR. Abnormal p53 protein accumulation was seen in 21 of the 43 carcinomas (49%), of which 18 were HPV negative. Twelve (57%) of the CM-1 positive cases were also positive for the mutation-specific antibody Pab 240. There was an obvious inverse relationship between the presence of papilloma viral DNA and abnormal p53 protein accumulation. CONCLUSIONS: p53 plays an important part in the development of lung carcinomas and, in some cases, HPV may contribute to it by binding and inactivating the p53 protein.     

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA and expression of p16, Rb, and p53 proteins in small cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated as an etiologic agent for the development of primary small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, a rare but highly aggressive malignancy. It has been shown that the HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins are able to inactivate the tumor suppressor functions of p53 and Rb. In squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix, HPV infection is also associated with overexpression of p16, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. In this study, 22 cases of primary small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were subjected to broad-spectrum HPV DNA amplification and typing, and immunohistochemically examined for the expression of p16, Rb, and p53 proteins. The results show that HPV DNA was detected in every case (100%), with 18 cases (82%) harboring type 18. The tumor cells exhibited strong nuclear staining for p16 in 20 cases (91%). This was associated with a complete loss of Rb nuclear staining in tumor cells in 16 cases (73%). The p53 protein was essentially undetectable in all cases. In contrast, HPV DNA was not detected in 9 colorectal and 8 urinary bladder small cell carcinomas included in this study for comparison. While similar p16 and Rb expression patterns were observed in these HPV-negative tumors, a different expression pattern for p53 was noted where strong nuclear staining was seen in 8 cases (47%; P = 0.0004 compared with cervical tumors). These observations indicate that different mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of small cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix and support the notion that nuclear p16 overexpression serves as an indication of Rb defunctioning in tumor cells, which may or may not result from high-risk HPV infection.     

Correlation between p53 mutations and HPV in bilharzial bladder cancer

Alterations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are the most common genetic changes detected in human cancers as well as in papillary and invasive bladder cancer. Several studies have demonstrated an association between HPV infection and urological malignancies. In the present work, the p53 gene status was studied together with the frequency of HPV in 99 cases of Bilharzial bladder cancer [BBC] in Egypt and both were correlated to the clinicopathological features of the patients. SSCP and sequencing were used to screen the p53 gene for mutations at exons 4-10 and IHC was performed to detect protein overexpression. PCR was used for detection and typing of HPV-DNA in tumor samples. p53 mutations were detected in 33.3% of the studied cases whereas protein overexpression was detected in 35.6% of the cases. The highest concordance rate was observed in cases harboring mutations at exon 4 [87.5%]. Bilharzial infestation was obvious in 72.2% of the cases that showed mutations. Exon 8 showed the highest rate of mutation [32%] followed by exons 4 and 5 [22% each]. The commonest mutational event was G:C transversion [15/50] especially at CpG dinucleotides. A mutational hot spot was detected at exon 4, codons 72-73. HPV-DNA was detected in 48.97% of the cases the majority of which [64.6%] were of type 16. Significant correlation was found between p53 mutation and the pathological stage as well as p53 overexpression and tumor grade. Our results demonstrate that the mutational spectrum in BBC is different from that of bladder cancer in Western countries in many aspects and suggest an etiological role of HPV in this type of neoplasm. However, both HPV infection and p53 gene abnormalities may contribute to Bilharzial bladder carcinogenesis in an independent way.     

变性凝胶电泳和自动DNA序列分析检测结直肠肝转移癌p53基因突变的研究

目的　了解变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和自动DNA序列分析方法检测肿瘤基因变异及p53基因、p53蛋白在大肠癌发生、转移过程中的动态变化。方法　以DGGE及自动DNA序列分析法检测41例大肠癌原发病灶和肝转移灶p53外显子5～11的基因突变。以免疫组织化学方法检测p53蛋白表达。结果　41例中24例有p53基因突变(62%),其中6例仅在肝转移灶发现p53基因突变,其余均为原发灶、转移灶有一致性的突变。另有3例原发灶即有p53基因突变的病人,在转移灶除保留原有突变外,还出现新增加的突变。在原发、转移灶同时有突变的16例中,14例呈现突变的p53碱基峰和正常峰之比在肝转移灶明显高于大肠癌原发灶(P＜0.001)。p53免疫组织化学染色结果和DGGE、DNA序列分析结果高度一致。但在基因分析呈无义突变的癌灶,免疫组织化学显示p53蛋白的过度表达。结论　在大肠癌肝转移过程中,p53基因突变主要开始于肠癌原发灶,并被保持于转移至肝脏的癌细胞内,在转移灶其含量或含突变型p53癌细胞量明显增加。p53基因突变与p53蛋白过度表达呈正相关关系。DGGE和自动序列分析法只有在于免疫组织化学方法结合使用时,才能对基因改变作出最全面的判断。     

大肠癌患者粪便中C-erbB-2扩增和p53突变的检测及临床意义

目的　建立大肠癌患者粪便 Ｃｅｒｂ Ｂ２ 扩增及ｐ５３ 突变的检测方法,探讨大肠癌的基因诊断的临床意义。 方法　以差异聚合酶链反应（ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ） 、 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ单链构象多态性分析（ Ｓ Ｓ Ｃ Ｐ） 银染技术,分别检测大肠癌患者粪便 Ｃｅｒｂ Ｂ２ 扩增及ｐ５３ 突变。 结果　１４ 例中查出 Ｃｅｒｂ Ｂ２ 扩增７ 例（５０ ％ ） ,ｐ５３ 突变８ 例（５７ ％ ） ,二基因联合检出１１ 例（７９ ％ ） 。２ 例粪便潜血试验（ Ｆ Ｏ Ｂ Ｔ） 阴性中,１ 例 Ｃｅｒｂ Ｂ２扩增及ｐ５３ 突变均阳性,另１ 例ｐ５３ 突变阳性。 结论　联合多基因检测能对大肠癌的基因诊断提供更多的帮助,粪便 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 标本的 Ｃｅｒｂ Ｂ２ 扩增及ｐ５３ 突变分析可为筛查尚无出血或 Ｆ Ｏ Ｂ Ｔ 假阴性的大肠癌及大肠癌高危个体的一种新的有效手段。     

Human papillomavirus and p53 protein immunoreactivity in condylomata acuminatum and squamous cell carcinoma of penis

Aim: To determine the immunoreactive pattern of human papillomavirus (HPV) antigen and p53 protein in condylomata acuminatum (CA) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of penis. Methods: Immunohistochemistry for HPV and p53 were performed in 40 specimens of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues using a polyclonal (rabbit) antibody against HPV and a monoclonal (mouse) antibody against human p53 protein. Twenty one cases of CA and nineteen cases of SCC were examined. Results: HPV antigen was detected in all 21 CA and 2 penile SCC. p53 protein overexpression was observed in 12 of 19 (63%) SCC in which 6 cases were strong positive. Five of 21 CA (24%) showed low-grade p53 protein overexpression. Conclusion: CA is related to HPV infection and some cases show p53 protein low-grade overexpression. In contrast, p53 protein overexpression is common in penile SCC, which is seldom related to HPV infection.     

从胆汁中检测p53基因突变诊断胆囊癌

目的: 探讨检测胆汁中p53基因突变对胆囊癌的诊断价值 。方法: 采用PCR-SSCP银染法,检测15例胆囊癌及10例良性胆囊疾病胆汁中p53基因的突变情况,并对胆汁标本进行细胞学检查 。结果: 胆汁细胞学检查诊断胆囊癌的阳性率为13%,特异性为100%。15例胆囊癌胆汁中有9例检出p53基因突变,占60％,其中8例细胞学检查为阴性;10例良性胆汁均未检出p53基因突变 。结论: 检测胆汁中p53基因突变,具有高度的特异性,可成为有价值的诊断胆囊癌的方法。