全反式维甲酸、三氧化二砷治疗初发急性早幼粒细胞白血病疗效观察

20 0 1年 12月至 2 0 0 2年 11月 ,我们应用小剂量全反式维甲酸 (ATRA)、三氧化二砷 (As2 O3)治疗初发急性早幼粒细胞白血病 (APL) 11例。现报告如下。资料与方法 :11例均为初发 APL 的住院患者 ,经骨髓细胞学、细胞化学、免疫表型分析确诊。其中男 5例 ,女 6例 ;年龄 14～ 5 5岁 ,平均 33岁。方法　本组均采用 ATRA30 m g/ d,分 3次口服 ;As2 O35 m g/ d加 5 % GS2 5 0 m l静滴 ,维持 3～ 4小时 ,直至完全缓解 (CR) ,最长不超过 5 6天。根据病情同时给予抗感染、输注浓缩红细胞及浓缩血小板等治疗 ;凝血系列指标异常者应用普通肝…     

吡柔比星联合化疗方案治疗急性髓细胞性白血病的疗效观察

治疗组32例,用TA方案:吡柔比星(THP)20～30mg/d静滴3～4天,阿糖胞苷100～200mg/d静滴5～7天为1疗程,间歇14～21天。2个疗程未达CR者更换方案。M_3型者先以全反式维甲酸诱导缓解后再用TA或DA(柔红霉素、阿糖胞苷)方案,M_4和M_5型CR后鞘内注射MTX10mg/次,共4～6次。对照组29例用DA方案。化疗期给予镇吐、保肝、补液,有感染者予抗生素。结果:治疗组CR19例,PR9例,总有效率     

全反式维甲酸联合三氧化二砷治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病临床观察

对16例初治急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)患者予全反式维甲酸(ATRA)25 m g/(m2.d),分2~3次口服,二氧化二砷(A s2O3)0.16 m g/(kg.d)静滴。根据外周血白细胞数量、不良反应等调整用量。结果15例完全缓解(CR),1例死亡,取得CR所需时间为(23.7±4.6)d。2例出现不良反应均经对症治疗好转,无1例停药。提示ATRA联合A s2O3治疗APL疗效好,不良反应少,达CR时间短。     

全反式维甲酸治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病20例临床分析

单用全反式维甲酸(RA)或并用小剂量高三尖杉酯碱(HOM)治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)20例,其完全缓解率(CR)为70%.单用RA15例,CR66.7%,CR 时间为56±17.1天;并用小剂量HOM 5例,其中4例完全缓解,达CR 时间为55.3±19.2天.     

全反式维甲酸联合三氧化二砷治疗初发急性早幼粒细胞白血病的疗效观察

目的观察全反式维甲酸(ATRA)联合三氧化二砷(As2O3)治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的完全缓解(CR)率和不良反应。方法ATRA25mg.m-2.d-1,As2O3(0.1%溶液)10mL/d联合治疗初发APL直至CR。根据外周血白细胞计数、维甲酸综合征,以及肝功能变化调整ATRA和As2O3的剂量。结果29例初发APL患者,早期死亡2例,27例获得CR,CR率93.1%。获得CR的平均时间为(25.2±3.5)d。没有发现严重不良反应。结论ATRA联合As2O3治疗初发APL疗效好,不良反应患者能耐受。     

先天性心脏病术后人细小病毒B19感染患儿的临床特征分析

目的总结小儿先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)术后人细小病毒B19(human parvovirus B19,HPV-B19)感染患儿的临床特点、治疗及转归。方法回顾性分析2019年6月至2021年6月广东省人民医院儿科重症监护室(pediatric intensive care unit,PICU)确诊的CHD术后HPV-B19感染患儿的临床表现、诊断及治疗。结果 10例HPV-B19感染患儿中,男4例,女6例;年龄为0.84(0.3～9.0)岁;体质量为9.0(3.5～14.5)kg。10例患儿均出现发热,高热为主,无伴有明显中毒症状,同时伴发贫血突然加重。2例躯干弥漫充血性皮疹;4例轻度贫血,6例中度贫血;4例白细胞减少,2例粒细胞缺乏,1例粒细胞减少;5例血小板减少;1例血细胞三系减少;3例骨髓增生减低;3例单纯红系增生减低。于术后第12.8(7～23.0)天分别行定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)检测呈阳性。9例给予静脉输注丙种球蛋白(intravenous injection of gamma globulin,IVIG)治疗,输注量466.7(300～700)mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),疗程2～5 d,另外1例仅需输注浓缩红细胞及对症治疗;8例应用IVIG后于第4.4(2～9)天(内热退,3例第4.3(2～7)天血小板恢复正常,4例第5.3(3～8)天白细胞恢复正常,4例第12.5(5～17)天血红蛋白逐渐恢复,5例应用IVIG前输注了浓缩红细胞血红蛋白无继续下降;8例第13.0(7～23)天动态检测HPV-B19病毒载量,7例应用IVIG后定量聚合酶链反应检测提示HPV-B19拷贝数下降,1例拷贝数降为0 copies/mL,1例应用IVIG前检测提示拷贝数仍升高。治愈出院9例,1例死于心源性休克。结论小儿CHD术后早期不明原因发热伴白细胞减少、贫血加重者,应警惕感染HPV-B19;确诊后尽早使用IVIG有助于促进康复。     

原发高白细胞型急性早幼粒细胞白血病66例临床特征及治疗研究

目的探讨原发高白细胞型急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的临床特点及有效的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1993年10月至2006年8月苏州大学附属第一医院收治的66例原发高白细胞型APL患者和152例非高白细胞型APL患者的临床资料,并对高白细胞型患者按治疗方案的不同进行了分组比较。结果高白细胞组APL患者早期病死率、弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)和维甲酸综合征(RAS)发生率分别为30.3%,57.6%和31.8%,均高于非高白细胞组(7.2%,38.1%和21.1%)(P<0.05),而完全缓解(CR)率较低(63.6%对88.2%)(P<0.05)。高白细胞组患者中61例接受了诱导治疗,其中31例单用维甲酸治疗,21例维甲酸联合亚砷酸治疗,9例单用亚砷酸治疗,各组早期病死率分别为27.3%,14.3%和55.6%,CR率分别为67.7%,81.0%和44.4%。61例患者中41例在接受诱导分化治疗的同时加用化疗,其CR率为80.5%,总病死率为19.5%;而未加用化疗的20例患者其CR率为45.0%,总病死率为55.0%,两组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论原发高白细胞型APL较非高白细胞型APLCR率低,早期病死率高,DIC、RAS发生率高。维甲酸加亚砷酸双诱导并联合小剂量化疗是治疗高白细胞型APL的最有效的方案,可明显减少早期病死率,提高CR率。     

全反式维甲酸治疗老年早幼粒白血病的临床观察

目的了解全反式维甲酸(ATRA)治疗老年急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的近期疗效．方法13例老年APL患每天予ATRA25—60mg／m^2。直至完全缓解(CR)。结果1、ATRA治疗的CR率高，达84．6％．2、ATRA治疗存在一定副作用，伹老年患均能耐受。3、APL缓解后治疗以A了RA与化疗交替较宜．结论A了RA治疗老年APL疗效明确，CR率高。     

亚砷酸联合维甲酸治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病6年临床观察

目的:观察亚砷酸(AS2O3)联合维甲酸(ATRA)治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的疗效和特点.方法:对APL住院患者随机分为2组,治疗组38例,单纯AS2O3加ATRA,从诱导治疗、巩固治疗到停药观察6年.对照组36例,AS2O3加ATRA加化疗(DA或MA),观察6年.结果:治疗组38例,初治诱导缓解治疗达完全缓解率(CR)为100%.3年复发率为2.6%,6年持续缓解率(CCR)为94.6%.对照组36例初治诱导缓解率为81.3%,3年复发率为30.7%,6年CCR为61.5%.治疗相关不良反应治疗组比对照组较轻而少(P＜0.01),3年治疗相关死亡率为0,而对照组为16.7%(6/36).结论:亚砷酸联合维甲酸治疗APL,具有协同增强作用,疗效高,复发率低,治疗相关不良反应少,未见耐药性产生.     

干扰素和羟基脲治疗真性红细胞增多症的疗效观察

羟基脲(HU)组31例,始量为25mg/(kg·d),达CR后调整用量至10mg/(kg·d),维持1个月停或进一步减量维持。干扰素加羟基脲(IFN+HU)组20例,HU用量如上;IFN始用(900～1200)×10~4U/周。Hb     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.