原发性肝癌合并Budd-Chiari综合征的影像诊断与介入治疗

目的探讨原发性肝癌合并Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)的影像诊断与血管内介入治疗价值.方法对42例原发性肝癌合并BCS者进行回顾性分析,所有患者均行超声和CT检查,18例行MRI检查,17例行肝动脉造影,9例行下腔静脉造影.7例行下腔静脉内介入治疗.结果通过超声、CT、MRI和血管造影几种影像学检查相互印证而诊断为原发性肝癌合并BCS者42例,其中下腔静脉癌栓者36例,下腔静脉狭窄者6例.7例原发性肝癌合并BCS者成功地施行了下腔静脉内介入治疗,腔静脉压力阶差由术前的(2.5±1.2)kPa降为(0.8±0.2)kPa.术后患者症状明显缓解,无严重并发症发生.结论超声、CT、MRI和血管造影对原发性肝癌合并BCS有较高的诊断价值,其相互补充有助于本病的正确诊断.血管内介入治疗是原发性肝癌合并BCS的有效治疗方法.     

介入治疗原发性肝癌肝移植后复发一例

患者 ,男 ,3 7岁 ,浙江湖州人。 2 0 0 3年 7月 2 3日入院。 4个月前出现发热、腰酸 ,外院确诊为原发性肝癌 ,并于 4月 11日行肝移植术 ,术后抗炎抗排异治疗 ,发热、腰酸症状缓解。入院前1个月起出现刺激性干咳伴肩背部疼痛 ,外院CT及MRI证实为两肺转移 ,转诊我院。入院时患者生命体征稳定 ,无发热、腰痛、黄疸症状。查体 :皮肤巩膜无黄染 ,浅表淋巴结无肿大 ,心律 80次 /分 ,两肺呼吸音粗 ,腹软 ,肝脾肋下未及 ,中上腹见“T”形手术疤痕 ,愈合可 ,双下肢无浮肿。实验室检查 :WBC 6 7×10 9/L ,RBC 3 92× 10 12 /L ,PLT 86× 10 9/…     

原发性肝癌的介入治疗现状

肝细胞癌（以下简称肝癌）是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一，每年约有11万人死于肝癌。手术切除、化疗栓塞、各种消融治疗是治疗原发性肝癌的主要方法。尽管几个有关肝癌规范化治疗的指导性建议已经公布^[1]，但就参与本症治疗的各个学科医生和某一具体病人而言，如何选择最佳的治疗方法尚难取得共识。本文结合文献，     

原发性肝癌

原发性肝癌合并胆管梗阻的影像诊断与介人治疗——戚跃勇等(重庆第三军医大学新桥医院放射科400037)；《肝脏》，2003，8(4)：13-15[目的：探讨原发性肝癌合并胆管梗阻的影像诊断与介人治疗价值。方法：对26例原发性肝癌合并胆管梗阻进行回顾性分析，所有患均     

老年中晚期原发性肝癌介入治疗的价值

原发性肝癌好发于 40～ 5 0岁年龄段 ,随着人类平均寿命的延长 ,老年人原发性肝癌发病率有所增加。现将本院近 5年来收治的资料完整的老年中晚期原发性肝癌46例 ,与同期收治的中青年中晚期肝癌 41例对比分析 ,探讨老年人中晚期原发性肝癌肝动脉化疗、栓塞的价值。1　对象与方法1.1　对象　本组共 87例 ,均经肝超声、ＣＴ证实有肝占位病变 ,结合患者症状、体征、肝功能、血清甲胎蛋白 (ＡＦＰ)及肝动脉造影等 ,确诊为原发性肝癌 ,均无手术指征而有介入指征。老年组 46例 ,其中15例行肝动脉化疗栓塞 (ＴＡＣＥ )或肝动脉化疗药物灌注 (ＴＡＩ)…     

原发性肝癌的介入治疗临床研究进展

介入治疗是对不能手术切除的原发性肝癌 (以下简称肝癌 )的首选疗法 ,方法简便 ,疗效确切 ,自 80年代在我国广泛开展以来 ,显著地改善了患者的生活质量 ,延长了生存期 ,成为肝癌综合治疗中不可缺少的一部分。现将肝癌的介入治疗临床研究情况综述如下。肝癌的介入治疗包括放射介入治疗和超声介入治疗。1　放射介入治疗195 0年 Klopp[1 ]首创肝动脉插管灌注化疗 (TAI) ,开创了医学史上经肝血管介入治疗的新纪元。 Kato[2 ] 进一步开展肝动脉栓塞化疗 (TACE) ,将肝癌的疗效推上了一个新的台阶。其主要原理是 :肝癌组织血供主要来自肝动脉 ,…     

介入治疗原发性肝癌的临床护理

目的 总结探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌的临床护理要点.方法 对45例采用TACE方法治疗的原发性肝癌的病历资料进行回顾性分析,并总结临床护理要点.结果 经TACE治疗,全部病例无严重并发症发生,一年生存率提高到62.2%.结论 采取有效的护理和心理疏导,对提高手术成功率和减少并发症有较好的作用.     

原发性肝癌介入治疗的现状及评价

一、原发性肝癌的外科治疗与介入治疗我国原发性肝癌的治疗已取得显著的进展,其中外科治疗起了决定性的作用,特别是手术切除仍占主导地位。但手术切除在肝癌治疗中的作用也有一定的限度,这是因为:(1)肝癌恶性程度高,极易发生早期播     

Detection of small hepatocellular carcinoma： Comparison of dynamic enhancement magnetic resonance imaging and multiphase multirow-detector helical CT scanning

AIM: To compare the gadolinium-enhanced multiphase dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and multiphase multirow-detector helical CT (MDCT) scanning for detection of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: MDCT scanning and baseline MRI with SE T1-WI and T2-WI sequence combined with FMPSPGR sequence were performed in 37 patients with 43 small HCCs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to analyze the results for modality. RESULTS: The areas below ROC curve (Az) were calculated. There was no statistical difference in dynamic enhancement MDCT and MRI. The detection rate of small HCC was 97.5%-97.6% on multiphase MDCT scanning and 90.7%-94.7% on MRI, respectively. The sensitivity of detection for small HCC on MDCT scanning was higher than that on dynamic enhancement MRI. The sensitivity of detection for minute HCC (tumor diameter ≤ 1 cm) was 90.0%-95.0% on MDCT scanning and 70.0%-85.0% on MRI, respectively. CONCLUSION: MDCT scanning should be performed for early detection and effective treatment of small HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis during follow-up.     

小肝癌的影像学诊断进展

肝细胞癌是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,对肝癌的早期诊断,亦即小肝癌(SHCC)的诊断并及时治疗是延长肝癌患者生存期的关键.近年来随着各种影像学技术的不断进步,SHCC的检出率在逐年增高.对众多不适合或不愿手术治疗的部分患者而言,SHCC检出率提高不仅意味着可以避免不必要的外科手术,并且可得到早期治疗,提高患者的生存率和预后,极大减轻患者的身心负担.目前以射频消融(RFCA)、微波消融、经皮肝穿瘤内无水乙醇注射及超选择性插管与节段性栓塞(S-TACE)等为代表的介入疗法在SHCC治疗上已经取得了较好的疗效.尤其是射频消融疗法的5年生存率达58.22%,与手术(55.51%)组无差别,使之成为当前和今后SHCC非手术治疗的主要方法.因此,及时准确地对SHCC患者做出诊断,不仅可以减轻患者的痛苦,同时也可延长患者的生存期.本文对国内外有关SHCC的各种影像学诊断进展作一综述如下,以期提高临床医生对SHCC的认识,为SHCC的早期诊断和治疗作出一定贡献.     

原发性肝细胞癌介入治疗的现状与进展

临床对原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)的治疗已取得了长足进步,其中以介入放射学为主的综合治疗在整个治疗中占据重要地位.HCC的介入治疗方法主要包括以肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)为代表的血管内介入治疗和以局部消融为主的非血管介入治疗,而介入结合靶向治疗更进一步丰富了HCC介入治疗的内涵.本文将分别从HCC介入治疗的不同方法、原理、...     

Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System criteria for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in clinical practice: A pictorial minireview

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer. The main risk factors associated with HCC development include hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, alcohol consumption, aflatoxin B1, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex multistep process. Various factors lead to hepatocyte malignant transformation and HCC development. Diagnosis and surveillance of HCC can be made with the use of liver ultrasound (US) every 6 mo. However, the sensitivity of this imaging method to detect HCC in a cirrhotic liver is limited, due to the abnormal liver parenchyma. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are considered to be most useful tools for at-risk patients or patients with inadequate US. Liver biopsy is still used for diagnosis and prognosis of HCC in specific nodules that cannot be definitely characterized as HCC by imaging. Recently the American College of Radiology designed the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS), which is a comprehensive system for standardized interpretation of CT and MRI liver examinations that was first proposed in 2011. In 2018, it was integrated into the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidance statement for HCC. LI-RADS is designed to ensure high sensitivity, precise categorization, and high positive predictive value for the diagnosis of HCC and is applied to “high-risk populations” according to specific criteria. Most importantly LI-RADS criteria achieved international collaboration and consensus among liver experts around the world on the best practices for caring for patients with or at risk for HCC.     

MSCT与MRI动态增强扫描对高血供肝内胆管癌与肝细胞癌的诊断价值分析

目的 探讨多层螺旋计算机断层扫描(MSCT)与磁共振成像(MRI)动态增强扫描对高血供肝内胆管癌(ICC)和肝细胞癌(HCC)的诊断价值。方法 2018年1月～2019年6月我科诊治的70例原发性肝癌患者,均接受MSCT和MRI动态增强扫描。以手术后组织病理学检查诊断作为金标准,评估两种检查方法的诊断效能。结果 经手术后组织病理学检查,在70例原发性肝癌患者中,诊断ICC 12例,HCC 58例;MSCT检查显示HCC病灶动脉期强化、静脉期强化减退,延迟期持续强化减退;MRI多期扫描检查显示39例HCC患者病灶呈快进快出型强化,17例患者病灶呈快进慢出型强化,2例患者病灶呈慢进慢出型强化。MRI多期扫描发现9例ICC患者病灶呈慢进慢出型,3例患者病灶在动脉期和门脉期未出现明显强化,延迟期逐渐呈均匀性强化;MRI诊断HCC患者56例(96.6%),与CT诊断的53例(91.4%)比,无显著性差异(P>0.05),而诊断ICC患者9例(75.0%),显著高于CT诊断的7例(58.3%,P<0.05)。结论 在富血供的PLC患者,ICC和HCC的影像学表现有所差异,应用MRI增强扫描有利于提高对ICC的诊断检出率,值得临床积累经验和应用。     

MRI versus 64-row MDCT for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To compare the diagnostic capability of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumour nodules and their effect on patient management.METHODS: A total of 28 patients (25 male, 3 female, mean age 67 ± 10.8 years) with biopsy-proven HCC were investigated with 64-row MDCT (slice 3 mm native,arterial and portal-venous phase, 120 mL Iomeprol,4 mL/s, delay by bolus trigger) and MRI (T1fs fl2d TE/TR 2.72/129 ms, T2tse TE/TR 102/4000 ms, 5-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced T1fs fl3d TE/TR 1.56/4.6,Gadolinium-DTPA, slice 4 mm). Consensus reading of both modalities was used as reference. Tumour nodules were analyzed with respect to number, size, and location.RESULTS: In total, 162 tumour nodules were detected by consensus reading. MRI detected significantly more tumour nodules (159 vs 123, P < 0.001) compared to MDCT, with the best sensitivity for early arterial phase MRI. False-negative CT findings included nodules ≤ 5 mm ( n = 5), ≤ 10 mm ( n = 17), ≤ 15 mm ( n = 12 ), ≤ 20 mm ( n = 4 ), and 1 nodule > 20 mm. MRI missed 2 nodules ≤ 10 mm and 1 nodule ≤ 15 mm. On MRI, nodule diameters were greater than on CT (29.2 ± 25.1 mm, range 5-140 mm vs 24.1 ± 22.7 mm, range 4-129 mm, P < 0.005). In 2 patients, MDCT showed only unilobar tumour spread, whereas MRI revealed additional nodules in the contralateral lobe. Detection of these nodules could have changed the therapeutic strategy. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced MRI is superior to 64-row MDCT for the detection of HCC nodules. Patients should be allocated to interventional or operative treatment according to a dedicated MRI-protocol.     

小儿横纹肌肉瘤的影像学诊断

目的探讨小儿横纹肌肉瘤（RMS）的cT和磁共振成像（MRI）表现,提高对该病的认识。方法收集经该院手术及病理证实的19例4,JL横纹肌肉瘤,结合相关文献分析其CT和MRI表现。结果位于头面部者2例,腹腔内2例,盆腔内11例,四肢2例,脊柱旁2例。胚胎型17例,腺泡型2例。RMS影像表现为软组织密度或信号肿块,增强后明显强化,可引起邻近骨质溶骨性破坏。结论RMS具有软组织恶性肿瘤的一般影像特征,但缺乏特异性,应结合患儿年龄及临床特征作出综合诊断。     

Noninvasive imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: From diagnosis to prognosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and a major public health problem worldwide. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex multistep process at molecular, cellular, and histologic levels with key alterations that can be revealed by noninvasive imaging modalities. Therefore, imaging techniques play pivotal roles in the detection, characterization, staging, surveillance, and prognosis evaluation of HCC. Currently, ultrasound is the first-line imaging modality for screening and surveillance purposes. While based on conclusive enhancement patterns comprising arterial phase hyperenhancement and portal venous and/or delayed phase wash-out, contrast enhanced dynamic computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) are the diagnostic tools for HCC without requirements for histopathologic confirmation. Functional MRI techniques, including diffusion-weighted imaging, MRI with hepatobiliary contrast agents, perfusion imaging, and magnetic resonance elastography, show promise in providing further important information regarding tumor biological behaviors. In addition, evaluation of tumor imaging characteristics, including nodule size, margin, number, vascular invasion, and growth patterns, allows preoperative prediction of tumor microvascular invasion and patient prognosis. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the current state-of-the-art and recent advances in the comprehensive noninvasive imaging evaluation of HCC. We also provide the basic key concepts of HCC development and an overview of the current practice guidelines.     

磁共振扩散加权成像对肝癌的诊断及鉴别诊断作用

目的:探讨磁共振扩散加权成像对肝癌诊断及鉴别诊断的作用.方法:选取肝脏占位性病变88例,其中原发性肝细胞癌28例,转移瘤15例,肝血管瘤33例,肝囊肿12例.应用不同的b值分别行轴位扩散加权成像扫描,在拟合出的ADC图上分别测出ADC值并进行统计分析.结果:随着b值或b值差的增大,肝脏占位病变的ADC值明显减小,而且波动范围减小,b值越大时越接近实际DC值.采用b值差为500时各组病变的ADC值作为肝脏占位病变的ADC平均值.肝囊肿(3.24±0.68)ADC值明显高于原发性肝癌(1.20±0.32)、血管瘤(2.01±0.53)和转移瘤(1.57±0.42)(P<0.01).血管瘤ADC值显著高于原发性肝癌(P<0.01)及转移瘤(P<0.05).转移瘤ADC值高于原发性肝癌,但无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:ADC值的应用可大大提高MRI对肝癌的诊断和鉴别诊断能力.