扇贝多肽保护单次UVA氧化损伤HaCaT细胞

目的探讨扇贝多肽对单次长波紫外线辐射HaCaT角质形成细胞氧化损伤的保护作用机制。方法从栉孔扇贝中提取扇贝多肽(PCF,Mr=879)。UVA辐射强度为5J·cm-2。酶生化法测定胞质SOD,GSH-px活性,ROS、MDA水平;透射电镜观察细胞超微结构的改变;原位杂交技术检测细胞内p21mRNA的变化。结果在5J·cm-2UVA辐射下,在给定浓度范围内PCF能剂量依赖性降低胞质ROS、MDA水平;提高SOD,GSH-px活力;电镜下可见PCF可保护细胞超微结构;p21mRNA原位杂交发现PCF可明显抑制其表达。结论扇贝多肽对单次UVA诱导的人HaCaT细胞氧化损伤有保护作用。其机制与清除氧自由基、提高抗氧化酶活性、抑制p21mRNA表达及细胞凋亡有关。     

扇贝多肽保护单次UVA氧化损伤HaUaT细胞

目的探讨扇贝多肽对单次长波紫外线辐射HaCaT角质形成细胞氧化损伤的保护作用机制。方法从栉孔扇贝中提取扇贝多肽(PCF,Mr=879)。UVA辐射强度为5J·cm-2。酶生化法测定胞质SOD,GSH-px活性,ROS、MDA水平;透射电镜观察细胞超微结构的改变;原位杂交技术检测细胞内p21mRNA的变化。结果在5J·cm-2UVA辐射下,在给定浓度范围内PCF能剂量依赖性降低胞质ROS、MDA水平;提高SOD,GSH-px活力;电镜下可见PCF可保护细胞超微结构;p21mRNA原位杂交发现PCF可明显抑制其表达。结论扇贝多肽对单次UVA诱导的人HaCaT细胞氧化损伤有保护作用。其机制与清除氧自由基、提高抗氧化酶活性、抑制p21mRNA表达及细胞凋亡有关。     

扇贝多肽保护Hela细胞免受紫外线UVA氧化损伤

目的:建立紫外线UVA(辐照强度为3650μJ·cm~(-2)对Hela细胞氧化损伤模型.探究扇贝多肽(PCF)对Hela细胞紫外线UVA氧化损伤的保护作用.方法:MTT法测定细胞活性;酶法测定抗氧化酶(GSH-Px、CAT、SOD)活性;流式细胞仪AnnexinV法测定细胞的凋亡率和死亡率;Fluo-3 AM为荧光染料,流式细胞仪测定细胞内游离Ca~(2 )的含量.结果:PCF(0.5％-2％)能明显增加 Hela细胞的增殖活性和细胞内游离Ca~(2 )的浓度.显著提高Hela细胞GSH-Px、CAT、SOD活性,且呈量效关系.同时降低Hela细胞的凋亡率和死亡率.PCF组与模型对照组比较各项指标均有统计学意义(P< 0.0 5,P<0.01).结论:扇贝多肽具有抗紫外线UVA对Hela细胞氧化损伤的作用.其机制与扇贝多肽提高抗氧化酶含量,抑制脂质过氧化有关.     

Inhibitory effect of polypeptide from Chlamys farreri on UVA-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes

Polypeptide from Chlamys farreri (PCF, Mr = 879) is a novel marine active product isolated from gonochoric Chinese scallop Chlamys farreri which has been served as sea food for several thousand years. As an octapeptide, PCF consists of 8 amino acids, namely, Pro, Asn, Ser, Thr, Arg, Hyl, Cys, and Gly. PCF had been identified as a marine chemopreventive drug that protected hairless mice's epidermis against UV-induced damage in our previous study. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the effect of PCF on ultraviolet A-induced apoptosis in ketatinocytes are not well understood yet. In the present study, PCF was investigated as a potential inhibitory agent for UVA-induced apoptosis in a human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. The effects of PCF on UVA-induced generation of ROS and MDA, DNA damage, apoptosis rate were examined. We also investigated whether PCF could inhibit UVA-induced decreasing of mitochondrial membrane potential and the changing of morphology of the cells. We found that, compared with UVA only group, PCF attenuated UVA-induced generation of ROS and MDA, increased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased the apoptosis rate. These results indicate that PCF may protect HaCaT keratinocytes against UVA-induced apoptosis.     

扇贝多肽通过调节c-jun和COX-2抑制UVA诱导的HaCaT细胞凋亡

目的复制UVA诱导的HaCaT细胞凋亡模型,研究UVA对细胞内c-jun和环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)的影响,从而探究扇贝多肽(Polypeptide from Chlamys far-reri,PCF)抑制UVA引起的HaCaT细胞凋亡的分子机制。方法实验分为5组:正常对照组、UVA模型组、UVA+5.69mmol.L-1PCF组、UVA+2.84mmol.L-1PCF组、UVA+1.42mmol.L-1PCF组。应用实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白印迹法检测细胞内c-jun的表达;RT-PCR结合蛋白质印迹法检测细胞内COX-2的表达;琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析PCF和COX-2特异性抑制剂celecoxib对UVA诱导HaCaT细胞凋亡的影响。结果预先加入PCF和celecoxib均可明显抑制8J.cm-2UVA诱导的HaCaT细胞凋亡;UVA照射HaCaT细胞后COX-2mRNA及蛋白表达水平增加,与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<0.01);1.42~5.69mmol.L-1剂量范围内的PCF可剂量依赖性抑制UVA引起的细胞内COX-2mR-NA及蛋白表达(P<0.05,P<0.01);PCF也抑制了UVA引起的HaCaT细胞内c-jun表达的增加,且呈量效关系(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论UVA诱导HaCaT细胞发生凋亡时,细胞内COX-2和c-jun的表达明显增加,PCF通过抑制细胞内COX-2和c-jun的表达而发挥其抗凋亡作用。     

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体及扇贝多肽在UVA诱导HaCaT细胞凋亡中的作用

目的研究UVA对HaCaT细胞肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand,TRAIL)表达的影响;复制UVA诱导的HaCaT细胞凋亡模型,探究TRAIL在UVA诱导的HaCaT细胞凋亡中的作用及扇贝多肽(Polypeptide from Chlamys farreri,PCF)对UVA诱导的TRAIL凋亡通路的影响。方法实验设计分为5组:对照组、UVA模型组、UVA+5.69mmol·L-1PCF组、UVA+2.84mmol·L-1PCF组、UVA+1.42mmol·L-1PCF组。Real-TimePCR检测TRAIL mRNA表达;蛋白质印迹法检测TRAIL蛋白表达及caspase-8活性;琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析TRAIL中和性抗体对UVA诱导的HaCaT细胞凋亡的影响。结果8J·cm-2UVA照射HaCaT细胞后TRAIL mR-NA及蛋白表达增加,与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<0.01);TRAIL中和性抗体对UVA诱导的HaCaT细胞凋亡有抑制作用;1.42~5.69mmol·L-1剂量范围内的PCF可剂量依赖性抑制UVA引起的HaCaT细胞TRAIL mRNA及蛋白表达(P<0.05,P<0.01);PCF对UVA引起的HaCaT细胞caspase-8的活化有抑制作用,且呈量效关系。结论UVA可增强HaCaT细胞TRAIL表达;TRAIL参与了UVA诱导的HaCaT细胞凋亡;PCF对UVA诱导的HaCaT细胞TRAIL表达有抑制作用,也可减弱UVA诱导的caspase-8活化,以其抗氧化活性抑制TRAIL凋亡通路而发挥抗凋亡作用。     

扇贝多肽抗紫外线A对无毛小鼠皮肤的氧化损伤

目的:探究扇贝多肽(PCF)抗紫外线UVA对无毛小鼠皮肤氧化损伤的作用.方法:昆明种无毛小鼠,随机分为双蒸水未照射组和模型组(双蒸水照射组、5％PCF组、20％PCF组、10％维生素 C组).酶法测定皮肤匀浆抗氧化酶(GSH-Px、T-AOC、SOD)活性和MDA的含量;免疫组织化学法测定皮肤Bc1-2和NOS蛋白表达;电镜观察皮肤组织超微结构.结果:PCF能明显增加皮肤组织匀浆总抗氧化能力及GSH-Px、SOD活性,降低MDA含量.免疫组化结果表明,PCF能上调Bcl-2蛋白的表达;抑制NOS蛋白的表达.超微结构显示20％PCF组表皮细胞结构正常,成纤维细胞的细胞器结构正常;模型对照组表皮细胞损伤,胞质内可见空泡形成,真皮成纤维细胞内可见囊泡状扩张的滑面内质网,粗面内质网等细胞器减少,PCF组与模型对照组比较各项指标均有改善(P<0.05).结论:扇贝多肽具有抗紫外线UVA对无毛小鼠皮肤氧化损伤的作用.其机制与扇贝多肽上调BCl-2蛋白表达,下调NOS蛋白的表达,提高抗氧化酶含量,抑制脂质过氧化有关.     

扇贝多肽对紫外线B辐射人真皮成纤维细胞线粒体的保护作用

目的:研究扇贝多肽(PCF)对中波紫外线(UVB)辐射人真皮成纤维细胞线粒体的影响。方法:检测丙二醛(MDA)含量以及细胞内抗氧化酶(SOD、GSH-PX)的活性;流式细胞术测定线粒体膜电位;透射电镜观察细胞超微结构的变化。结果:UVB(1.176×10~(-4)J·cm~(-2))导致真皮成纤维细胞线粒体损伤,PCF(0.25％-1％)剂量依赖性地减轻UVB对线粒体的损伤;而且,PCF也可剂量依赖性地维持线粒体膜电位的相对稳定,PCF能够减少MDA的生成量,提高SOD及GSH-PX的活性,PCF各组与UVB模型组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:PCF保护成纤维细胞的线粒体免受UVB的损伤。     

UVA Photoprotective Properties of an Artificial Carotenylflavonoid Hybrid Molecule

Carotenoids and flavonoids represent two classes of natural antioxidants, a biological activity, which is determined by their chemical structure. To combine their antioxidant properties, a dual functional carotenylflavonoid hybrid molecule was synthesized. The antioxidant activity of this compound was tested in human dermal fibroblasts exposed to UVA irradiation. Test parameters were hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and cell viability. For comparison, the substructure components of the carotenylflavonoid, 4-hydroxyflavone and 11'-apo-β-carotenylbenzene, were also tested. Incubation of cells with the carotenylflavonoid and 11'-apo-β-carotenylbenzene attenuated UVA-induced HO-1 expression. In the MDA assay, the carotenylflavonoid and 11'-apo-β-carotenylbenzene were moderately effective at low concentrations. At higher concentrations, the compound provoked an increase of MDA, which was confirmed by the H(2)DCF-DA assay measuring ROS formation. 4-Hydroxyflavone moderately inhibited the formation of MDA at all levels that were tested. The study showed that the carotenylflavonoid counteracts UVA-induced HO-1 expression. However, a photoprotection against lipid oxidation, ROS formation, and cell toxicity could not be proven in the experimental setting.     

ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION AND REACTIVE OXYGEN GENERATION AS INDUCERS OF KERATINOCYTE APOPTOSIS: PROTECTIVE ROLE OF TEA POLYPHENOLS

Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation produces serious damage to skin, especially to dermis, but its damage to epidermis and responsible mechanisms are not fully understood. Studies were thus undertaken to investigate the effects of UVA or reactive oxygen species (ROS) on lipid peroxidation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in primary cultured rat keratinocytes and to determine the possible protective effects of tea polyphenols (TPP). UVA or ROS increased the release of plasma enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and increased lipid peroxidation production (malondialdehyde, MDA), but decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), indicating that UVA or ROS were cytostatic and peroxidizing to keratinocytes. TPP stabilized and protected cell membranes from ROS or UVA by inhibiting the release of LDH, lowering MDA levels, and increasing GSH-Px activity. Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis revealed that UVA or ROS decreased the proliferative index (PI); hence the cell growth was blocked in the S/G2 phase, with an increase in the percentage of apoptosis in primary keratinocytes. TPP modified the UVA or ROS-induced changes in PI and apoptosis. TPP may be useful to protect keratinocytes from UVA irradiation. In summary, these data demonstrated that UVA damage to skin keratinocytes in vitro was similar to that for ROS and that TPP protects against UVA-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and apoptosis.     

Ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen generation as inducers of keratinocyte apoptosis: protective role of tea polyphenols

Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation produces serious damage to skin, especially to dermis, but its damage to epidermis and responsible mechanisms are not fully understood. Studies were thus undertaken to investigate the effects of UVA or reactive oxygen species (ROS) on lipid peroxidation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in primary cultured rat keratinocytes and to determine the possible protective effects of tea polyphenols (TPP). UVA or ROS increased the release of plasma enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and increased lipid peroxidation production (malondialdehyde, MDA), but decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), indicating that UVA or ROS were cytostatic and peroxidizing to keratinocytes. TPP stabilized and protected cell membranes from ROS or UVA by inhibiting the release of LDH, lowering MDA levels, and increasing GSH-Px activity. Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis revealed that UVA or ROS decreased the proliferative index (PI); hence the cell growth was blocked in the S/G2 phase, with an increase in the percentage of apoptosis in primary keratinocytes. TPP modified the UVA or ROS-induced changes in PI and apoptosis. TPP may be useful to protect keratinocytes from UVA irradiation. In summary, these data demonstrated that UVA damage to skin keratinocytes in vitro was similar to that for ROS and that TPP protects against UVA-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and apoptosis.     

扇贝多肽对UVB损伤HaCaT细胞的抗氧化作用

目的研究扇贝多肽(PCF)对UVB损伤HaCaT细胞的抗氧化作用。方法HaCaT细胞与PCF孵育1h后，接受UVB辐射，继续孵育18h后，采用酶化学法测定细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH—Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、以及测定其总抗氧化能力(T—AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果PCF能提高HaCaT细胞内抗氧化酶SOD，GSH—Px，CAT活性，增强细胞总抗氧化能力并减少脂质过氧化产物MDA的产生。结论PCF能增加细胞内抗氧化酶活性，抑制脂质过氧化反应，具有抗氧化作用。     

Galangin suppresses H2O2‐induced aging in human dermal fibroblasts

Human skin aging is a progressive process that includes intrinsic aging and extrinsic photodamage, both of which can cause an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in dermal fibrosis dysfunction and wrinkle formation. Galangin is a flavonoid that exhibits anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative potential. Previous studies have reported that galangin has antioxidative activity against ROS‐mediated stress. The aim of the present study is to determine the antiaging effects of galangin on dermal fibroblasts exposed to H₂O₂. In this study, we established a hydrogen peroxide‐induced inflammation and aging model using human HS68 dermal fibroblasts. Stimulation of fibroblasts with H₂O₂ is associated with skin aging and increased expression of inflammation‐related proteins, along with downregulation of collagen I/III formation and expression of antioxidative proteins. Galangin effectively reduced NF‐κB activation, the expression of inflammation‐related proteins and cell aging. Galangin also reversed H₂O₂‐activated cell senescence in HS68 cells. Our results reveal that galangin protects human dermal fibroblasts by inhibiting NF‐κB activation, decreases the expression of inflammatory factors and upregulates IGF1R/Akt‐related proteins, indicating that galangin may be a potential candidate for developing natural antiaging products that protect skin from damage caused by ROS.     

扇贝多肽对紫外线辐照小鼠胸腺淋巴细胞的保护作用

建立体外培养的小鼠胸腺淋巴细胞紫外线（UV）辐射损伤的病理模型，采用MTT法检测细胞活性；酶生化法测定胞浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、活性氧（ROS）、丙二醛（MDA）含量以及细胞抗超氧阴离子能力（A-SAC）和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）；流式细胞仪Rhodamine 123荧光染色测定线粒体膜电位（△ψM）等方法，探扇讨贝多肽（PCF）对小鼠胸腺淋巴细胞辐射损伤的保护作用及机制。结果显示PCF能显著提高小鼠胸腺淋巴细胞的活性；抑制紫外线辐射所致淋巴细胞的损伤，显著提高细胞荣中SOD、GSH-Px的活性，降低ROS，MDA含量，提高A-SAC及T-AOC；稳定线拉体的膜电位；表明扇贝多肽对紫外线辐射损伤的小鼠胸腺淋巴细胞具有保护作用。其作用机制与PCF能清除氧自由基、提高抗氧化酶活性，保护细胞膜组织结构有关。     

扇贝多肽对紫外线B所致人真皮成纤维细胞凋亡和DNA损伤的抑制作用

目的:研究扇贝多肽(PCF)对中波紫外线(UVB)所致体外培养人真皮成纤维细胞的凋亡和DNA损伤的影响。方法:用噻唑兰(MTT)法检测成纤维细胞的存活率;流式细胞术测定细胞的凋亡率和胞浆内游离[Ca~(2+)]_i;彗星电泳法检测单细胞DNA受损的程度。结果:PCF(0.25％-1％)能显著提高UVB(1.176×10~(-4) J·cm~(-2))辐射后人真皮成纤维细胞的增殖活性,降低UVB所致细胞的凋亡率和死亡率,减轻受损的程度,同时可降低胞浆内游离[Ca~(2+)]_i(和UVB模型组相比,P<0.01).结论:PCF对抗UVB所致的光老化是基于其减轻UVB对DNA的损伤和降低UVB所致细胞的凋亡,因此,PCF能够在起始阶段阻止紫外线所致光老化的发展。     

The protective effect of laver extract against the UVA- and UVB-induced damage in HaCaT cells

We investigated the protective effect of aqueous-methanol extract of laver (Porphyra yezoensis) against UV-induced damage in HaCaT cells. The laver extract exhibited strong UV absorbance at 300?C360 nm. The cells irradiated with UVA or UVB in the presence of the extract exhibited higher viability than those irradiated without the extract. The protective effect was more prominent against UVA probably due to stronger absorption and screening of the UVA. The laver extract also exerted cell-protective effect in the postirradiation period. The extract increased steady-state glutathione content of HaCaT cells. The cells irradiated with UVA in the presence of the laver extract exhibited less severe depletion of glutathione than those irradiated without the extract. The extract also stimulated recovery from UVA-induced glutathione depletion in the post-irradiation period, which supports a critical role of oxidative stress in the UVA-induced cell damage and also a role of the laver extract in the antioxidative defense.     

Structure activity relationship of antioxidative property of flavonoids and inhibitory effect on matrix metalloproteinase activity in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblast

Collagenase, a matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), is a key regulator in the photoaging process of skin due to the reactive oxygen species generated after exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA). Flavonoid compounds have been demonstrated to possess antioxidant properties, and could be useful in the prevention of photoaging. In this study, to investigate the structure-activity relationship of flavonoid compounds on their antioxidant property and inhibitory effects against the MMP activity, the effects of several flavonoids; myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, apigenin and chrysin, on the reactive oxygen species scavengering activity and inhibitory effect against the MMP activity were examined in vitro and in human dermal fibroblasts induced by UVA. The relative order of antioxidative efficacy, as determined using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, was as follows; flavones: luteolin > apigenin > chrysin, flavonols: myricetin > quercetin > kaempferol, and correlated with the respective number of OH group on their B-ring. In good correlation with the antioxidant properties, the flavonoids inhibited the collagenase activities, in a dose-dependent manner, and the MMP expression. These results suggested the UVA induced antioxidative activity and inhibitory effects of flavonoids on the collagenase in human dermal fibroblasts depends on the number of OH group in the flavonoid structure, and those with a higher number of OH group may be more useful in the prevention of UV stressed skin aging.     

Saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum suppress ultraviolet A-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression via MAPKs and NF-κB/AP-1-dependent signaling in HaCaT cells

Saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum (CKS) have been shown to exhibit many pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities and antioxidant effects. However, anti-skin photoaging effects of CKS have not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of CKS against UVA damage on immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT). We then explored the inhibitory effects of CKS on UVA-induced MMP-1 and investigated the molecular mechanism underlying those effects. CKS increased the cell viability and inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HaCaT cells exposed to UVA irradiation. Pre-treatment of HaCaT cells with CKS inhibited UVA-induced production of MMP-1 and MMP-9. In addition, CKS decreased UVA-induced expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. Western blot analysis further revealed that CKS markedly suppressed the enhancement of collagen degradation in UVA-exposed HaCaT cells. CKS also suppressed UVA-induced activation of NF-κB or c-Jun and c-Fos, and the phosphorylation of MAPKs, which are upstream modulators of NF-κB and AP-1.     

Anti-oxidative and anti-aging activities of 2-O-α-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid on human dermal fibroblasts

A stable ascorbic acid derivative, 2-O-α-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2G), was evaluated and compared with ascorbic acid for its protective effect against cellular damage and senescence induced by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Pretreatment with AA-2G for 72 h promoted the proliferation of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and protected against cell damage induced by H(2)O(2). In contrast, ascorbic acid increased the proliferation and protected against cell damage, only when culture medium containing ascorbic acid was replaced every 24 h during the pretreatment period. These results suggest that the effect of AA-2G is longer-lasting compared to that of ascorbic acid. Senescence associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, a classical biomarker of cellular senescence, was increased in H(2)O(2)-exposed NHDF cells, but pretreatment or posttreatment with ascorbic acid or AA-2G significantly inhibited the increase in SA-β-gal levels. AA-2G was more potent than ascorbic acid in down-regulating SA-β-gal activity. Expression of SIRT1, which has attracted attention as an anti-aging factor in recent years, was significantly decreased in H(2)O(2)-exposed NHDF cells compared to untreated cells. However, pretreatment NHDF cells with AA-2G before H(2)O(2) exposure significantly inhibited this decrease in SIRT1 expression, whereas ascorbic acid had no effect. After H(2)O(2) exposure, the expression levels of p53 and p21 were increased in NHDF cells and pretreatment with AA-2G inhibited this increase. Together, these results suggest that AA-2G protects dermal fibroblasts from oxidative stress and cellular senescence. These characteristics indicate that AA-2G could become a promising material for its anti-aging properties.