X线立体穿刺钢丝标记定位对无体征乳癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨X线立体穿刺钢丝标记定位在无临床体征的早期乳癌中的诊断价值。方法 对29例钼靶X片上有可疑病灶而无任何临床体征的患者,在X线立体定位下穿刺病灶并用金属导丝标记,标记后根据导丝位置切除病灶,并进行快速冰冻活检,明确诊断。结果 29例中9例（31．0％）为癌,20例（69．0％）良性。冰冻切片病理检查与术后石蜡报告结果一致。结论 X线立体穿刺钢丝标记定位活检技术解决了乳腺微小病灶活检术中精确定位的难题,对无临床体征的早期乳癌诊断准确、可靠、实用。     

乳腺X线立体定位穿刺活检术对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨乳腺X线立体定位穿刺活检术（SMCNB）对早期乳腺癌诊断的应用。方法对21例钼钯X线摄片诊断为可疑早期乳腺癌患者应用SMCNB。将手术病理结果与穿刺取材病理结果相比较。结果与手术病理结果比较，SMCNB诊断阳性率为85．71％，无假阳性。结论SMCNB对早期乳腺癌活检定位准确，操作简单，安全可靠。     

X线钢丝定位切检诊断T0乳腺癌

目的 探讨乳腺X线钢丝定位切检诊断T0乳腺癌的价值。方法对41例乳腺X线片发现微小可疑病灶而临床触摸不到肿块的患者，在电子计算机辅助定位下穿刺插入带钩钢丝作为导向，手术切取病变组织做病理检查。结果X线钢丝定位切检能准确定位将病灶切除检查，15例诊断为乳腺癌。结论X线钢丝定位切检定位准确，解决了乳腺微小病灶切检定位困难的问题，对于提高T0乳腺癌诊断率有重要价值。     

乳腺钼靶X线摄片计算机辅助定位穿刺活检术

目的 探讨乳腺钼靶照片在电子计算机辅助下立体定位穿刺活检对乳腺疾病诊断的价值。方法 对79例乳腺钼靶照片发现可疑病灶的患者,采用由电子计算机辅助定位仪立体定位,用穿刺针对病灶进行准确穿刺,取得活组织送病理检查。结果 79例所取活组织全部符合组织学检查要求。79例中68例行手术治疗,手术切除标本的石腊切片诊断符合率为97．1％（66／68）。结论 X线计算机辅助定位穿刺检查技术具有定位准确,创伤小,操作简单等优点,对诊断早期乳腺癌有重要价值。     

乳腺钼靶X线摄片计算机辅助定位穿刺

目的探讨乳腺钼靶照片在电子计算机辅助下立体定位穿刺活检对乳腺疾病诊断的价值.方法对79例乳腺钼靶照片发现可疑病灶的患者,采用由电子计算机辅助定位仪立体定位,用穿刺针对病灶进行准确穿刺,取得活组织送病理检查.结果79例所取活组织全部符合组织学检查要求.79例中68例行手术治疗,手术切除标本的石腊切片诊断符合率为97.1%(66/68).结论X线计算机辅助定位穿刺检查技术具有定位准确,创伤小,操作简单等优点,对诊断早期乳腺癌有重要价值.     

乳腺微小钙化灶的外科微创治疗

目的探讨乳腺微小钙化灶的外科微创治疗。方法采用意大利IMS生产的GITTOHI—TECH高频钼靶X线机及其配套的数字化立体定位活检系统,对30例钼靶X片上乳腺有微小钙化病灶、无任何临床体征的患者,在X线定位下穿刺活检,进行病理组织学检查。明确诊断后采取相应的手术方式治疗。结果全部病灶定位准确,病变完全切除并明确诊断。浸润性导管癌3例(10%),导管内癌6例(20%),重度不典型增生2例(6.7%),纤维腺瘤6例(20%),导管内乳头状瘤3例(10%),乳腺增生病10例(33.3%)。无金属导丝折断现象,无感染、切口延迟愈合及气胸等并发症。结论对X线片显示有恶性可能的钙化病灶、而临床未触及肿块者,行乳腺钼靶引导下导丝定位活检,切除乳腺组织少,能确定乳腺微小病变的性质,对早期乳腺癌的诊断有重要价值。     

触诊阴性乳腺病灶活检在乳腺癌早诊早治中的价值

目的探讨临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶的定位切除活检在乳腺癌早期诊断与治疗中的价值。方法141例女性患者，共158个由钼靶X线发现的触诊阴性乳腺病灶，采用金属线定位技术进行切除活检。结果全组158个临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶中，乳腺癌42个(42例患者)，占26．6％，根据美国癌症联合会第6版乳腺癌分期标准，0期12例(28．6％)，Ⅰ期24例(57．1％)，Ⅱ期2例(4．8％)，Ⅲ期4例(9．5％)。所有乳腺癌患者术后中位随访时间31个月，只有1例Ⅲ期患者于术后16个月出现对侧腋窝淋巴结转移，其余41例患者全部无癌生存。结论临床触诊阴性乳腺癌大多数为早期癌，预后良好，对于此类病灶，应当积极进行定位切除活检，以利于临床触诊阴性乳腺癌的早期诊断与治疗。     

不可触及乳腺病灶63例诊治分析

目的探讨不可触及乳腺病灶(NPBL)早期有效的诊断措施,提高诊治水平。方法对63例临床触诊阴性、影像学检查发现可疑改变但不能定性的乳腺病灶的诊治经过进行回顾性分析。结果63例中采用细针定位乳腺活检27例、立体定位核芯针活检22例、病灶染色定位活检11例、体表圈划定位活检3例;病理证实浸润癌31例、导管原位癌5例、纤维腺瘤18例、囊性增生7例、不典型增生2例;36例乳腺癌中行改良根治29例、保乳手术加放疗7例。结论NPBL可根据影像学检查方法及病灶的位置采用多种方法定位来指导穿刺活检或手术切除活检,可有效提高NPBL活检的准确性及检出率,有利于早期诊断和治疗临床触诊阴性的乳腺癌。     

乳腺X线三维立体定位真空辅助乳腺活检在乳腺X线可疑钙化诊断中的价值北大核心CSCD

目的探讨乳腺X线三维立体定位真空辅助乳腺活检在可疑钙化中的应用价值。方法2016年1月~2018年12月对242例临床不可触及且超声检查阴性,乳腺X线可疑钙化,在乳腺X线三维立体定位下采用EnCor真空辅助乳腺活检系统旋切取活检,利用乳腺X线0°导航位和±15°立体定向确定病灶位置后,从该位置插入旋切刀进行微创旋切取活检。结果242例顺利完成活检,活检病理诊断良性病变205例(非典型病变16例),恶性病变37例(导管原位癌30例,浸润性导管癌7例)。37例恶性病变手术治疗,7例为浸润性导管癌,其中5例钙化完全切除,手术时无肿瘤残留,2例有残余微钙化和残余肿瘤;30例为导管原位癌(ductal carcinoma in situ,DCIS),其中28例钙化病灶完全切除,2例活检术中有肿瘤残留[手术切除标本示导管内癌伴早期浸润,DCIS升级率为6.7%(2/30)]。11例非典型性病变手术治疗,10例术后病理诊断为腺病,1例升级为DCIS,非典型增生升级率9.0%(1/11);5例非典型病变在3年的随访中无可疑发现。结论乳腺X线立体定位下真空辅助乳腺活检可以较好地应用于可疑钙化的微创活检,值得推广。     

非临床型乳腺肿瘤在超声引导钢丝穿刺定位下的切除

目的探讨对非临床型乳腺肿瘤的处理方法。方法对非临床型乳腺肿瘤,术前在超声图像监视下．将乳腺定位钢丝穿刺置于病灶内或其附近,行肿瘤的切除活检,待病理诊断结果确定进一步治疗方案。结果32例（38处病灶）经超声引导下钢丝穿刺定位后全部准确完整切除,38处病灶术中冰冻分片病理报告与术后石腊切片病理结果相符有36处。结论超声引导下细钢丝穿刺定位乳腺小肿瘤后行病灶切除活检术,是处理非临床型乳腺肿瘤安全、准确、实用的方法。     

Diagnostic Utility of ABBI(R) (Advanced Breast Biopsy Instrumentation) for Nonpalpable Breast Lesions in Korea

Abstract: Introduction of mammography along with particular attention for the diagnosis and treatment of nonpalpable breast lesions has led to the development of nonresectional biopsies such as mammography-guided core needle biopsy, ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology, and localization and excisional biopsy. The Advanced Breast Biopsy Instrumentation (ABBI®) system, a recently developed device, has made it possible to remove a lesion completely under local anesthesia, thus providing a more reliable and rapid evaluation on an outpatient basis. We studied 159 patients with nonpalpable breast lesions from December 1996 to August 1998. Fifty-nine patients received core needle biopsies and 100 patients received excision with the ABBI system. The ABBI system patients had postexcisional mammography and specimen radiographs to confirm complete excision of the lesions. Pathologists examined permanent section specimens. In cases of malignancy, total mastectomy or reexcision was performed to secure a tumor-free margin. We collected malignant lesions in 23 of 159 patients, of whom 17 had ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Postoperative histopathologic reports showed DCIS in 11 and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) in 2 among the 13 malignancies proven by stereotactic core biopsy. Among 10 malignancies proven by the ABBI system, there were 6 DCIS, 1 lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), and 3 IDC. In seven patients in whom mammography suggested malignancy but core biopsy showed benign lesion, localization and excisional biopsy confirmed DCIS in four of seven patients. The ABBI system is a more reliable and rapid method of evaluating breast lesions compared with stereotactic core biopsy. It is usually done under local anesthesia, minimizing the deformity of the breast. Therefore the ABBI system can be used as a preferred technique over conventional localization and excisional biopsy.     

Experience with fine-wire localization breast biopsies for nonpalpable breast lesions detected mammographically

There is evidence to suggest that the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer may be associated with a better prognosis. Technical advances such as mammography can detect nonpalpable breast lesions and changes associated with early carcinoma. With fine-wire localization under mammographic control, the surgeon can reliably remove nonpalpable lesions while sparing normal breast tissue. The authors describe the technique for fine-wire localization and removal of lesions and report their experience over 3 years with 262 women who underwent 269 biopsies for nonpalpable lesions. Four subgroups were identified: screened women who had no indication for mammography other than age, women who were referred for mammography by community physicians, a group referred to the Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia and a group referred to the agency for localization biopsy after mammography performed outside the Vancouver area had suggested a malignant lesion. The yield of cancers from biopsies was 10%, 38%, 43% and 26% respectively. The yield was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower for the screened group. Age over 60 years, previous breast cancer and mammographic technique were identified as possible predictors of a positive biopsy. The authors have found fine-wire localization biopsy a safe and reliable method of removing nonpalpable breast lesions.     

Stereotactic localization for fine needle aspiration biopsy in patients with augmentation prostheses.

Fifteen patients with augmentation mammoplasties had mammography demonstrating nonpalpable breast lesions. Of the 15 patients, three (20%) had adenocarcinoma confirmed by open biopsy and histopathology. All patients underwent stereotactic localization for fine needle aspiration biopsy. Four of the 15 patients had benign cysts (26%). None of the cysts could be diagnosed by ultrasound. The remaining eight patients had mammary dysplasia of a proliferative or nonproliferative type of fibroadenoma. These benign entities were followed with interval mammography demonstrating no change. The data suggest that fine needle aspiration biopsy is an effective technique to assess nonpalpable breast lesions in patients who have had augmentation mammoplasties.     

Nonmalignant lesions in breast core needle biopsies: to excise or not to excise?

Large core needle biopsies using stereotactic mammography or ultrasound guidance are now commonly performed as the initial diagnostic approach to nonpalpable breast lesions. Although the subsequent management of patients with invasive cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ, and most benign lesions diagnosed on core needle biopsy specimens is straightforward, certain nonmalignant lesions pose dilemmas with regard to the most appropriate clinical management following core needle biopsy. The purpose of this article is to review the available data regarding several nonmalignant breast lesions, which when encountered in core needle biopsy specimens raise repeated management questions. These include atypical ductal hyperplasia, lobular neoplasia (atypical lobular hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ), papillary lesions, radial scars, fibroepithelial lesions, mucocele-like lesions, and columnar cell lesions.     

X线引导下乳腺穿刺活检对触诊阴性病变的诊断意义及其适应证

目的探讨X线引导下乳腺穿刺活检对于临床触诊阴性病变的诊断意义及其适应证。方法对84例乳腺X线摄影发现临床触诊阴性的乳腺病变患者进行术前三维立体钩丝定位术,并取得病理结果。对乳腺影像报告数据系统（BI-RADS）分类不同的良、恶性病变进行统计学分析。结果临床触诊阴性乳腺病变X线摄影表现为钙化、肿块、结构紊乱等。按BI-RADS分类,本组病变为3~5类,且以4类为主,占89.29%（75/84）。4B类与4C类病变恶性率差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.15,P〉0.05）,但显著高于4A类（χ2=101.7,P〈0.05）。结论对BI-RADS分类为4B以上病灶应进行X线引导下乳腺穿刺活检。     

Sentinel node biopsy for nonpalpable breast tumors requires a preoperative diagnosis of invasive breast cancer

A sentinel node biopsy done at the time of initial tumor resection allows for a one-stage surgical procedure. In addition, sentinel node identification may be impaired when done after a previous tumor excision. This study evaluates the sentinel node biopsy in patients with nonpalpable breast cancer and assesses whether a sentinel node biopsy for mammographically suspect breast lesions is justified when preoperative needle biopsy is inconclusive for invasive malignancy. A sentinel node biopsy was done in 67 patients with nonpalpable breast lesions after injection of radioactive tracer (intraparenchymal in 35 and subdermal in 32) and blue dye (para-areolar). A preoperative core needle biopsy was positive for malignancy in 42 patients. Thirteen patients had positive cytology or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In 12 patients the needle biopsy was nondiagnostic, but the lesions remained highly suggestive of malignancy on mammography. Sentinel node biopsy was successful in 64 patients (96%). In these, the sentinel node was both radioactive and blue in 58 patients (91%). Only 4 of 13 patients with positive cytology or DCIS on preoperative needle biopsy and only 5 of 12 patients without a preoperative diagnosis had an invasive cancer after resection. Sentinel nodes were positive for nodal metastases in 9 of 49 patients (18%) with a successful sentinel node biopsy for invasive malignancy. None of the eight patients with DCIS had nodal metastases. The sentinel node procedure avoids the potential morbidity of an axillary dissection in more than 80% of patients with nonpalpable breast cancer. A sentinel node biopsy for mammographically detected suspect breast lesions is not justified without a preoperative histologic diagnosis of invasive breast cancer.     

Breast biopsy with needle localization: influence of age and mammographic feature on the rate of malignancy in 350 nonpalpable breast lesions

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of mammographic feature and patient age on the rate of malignancy in nonpalpable breast lesions. During a 3-year period, 305 patients underwent biopsy after needle localization of 350 nonpalpable breast lesions. A total of 66 malignant breast tumors were found (biopsy yield rate, 19%): 23 carcinoma in situ, 43 infiltrating cancer. The biopsy yield rate in women younger than 50 years was 8% (12 of 153) and in women 50 years or older 27% (54 of 197; p less than 0.001). The biopsy yield rate varied with the mammographic feature in both groups of patients and was highest for spicular masses (61%), followed by strongly suspicious calcifications (29%). No cancers were found among well-defined masses or asymmetric densities. Other factors that were associated with high biopsy yield rate were personal or family history of breast cancer and diagnostic, rather than screening, mammography. The results suggest that the rate of malignancy in nonpalpable breast lesions is influenced by several factors, including age of patient and mammographic feature of the lesion. By taking all these factors into account, biopsies can possibly be performed more selectively thereby increasing the cost effectiveness of biopsy for occult breast cancer.     

Retrospective evaluation of surgically treated cases of non-palpable breast tumor

Between 10.01.1997 and 09.30.1999 authors performed operations on 78 patients who had nonpalpable breast tumors. If mammography was considered abnormal during breast screening program patients were recalled. Besides clinical investigation complimentary mammograms were performed. After sonogram, and if needed, aspiration biopsy cytology (ABC) if necessary core biopsy (CB) was the next investigation. 79 operations were performed on 78 patients (one was patient had synchronous breast tumor). The mean age of the patients was 56.3 years. If the radiological investigations (R4-R5) and/or the ABC (C4-C5) or CB suggested malignancy operation was performed. Mammography suggested malignancy in 60.75% of the patients, it was suggested by ABC in 30.18%, and by CB in 55.5%. The nonpalpable tumor, suspected to be malignant was marked with a wire loop and was excised under anesthesia along with the affected breast sector. The excision and tissue-border around the tumor was checked by specimen mammography performed during the narcosis. No cryohistology was performed. After the specimen mammography, the wound was closed. The final histology of the operations showed malignancy in 40.5%. In their retrospective study the authors evaluated the complete sensitivity and the positive predictive value (PPV) of the preoperative investigations regarding the final histology. They analyse the value of preoperative mammogram, the ABC and CB in malignant and in benign cases. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment is expected to improve significantly the survival of patients with breast cancer. Reduction in the number of unnecessary operations can be expected from increasing the accuracy of radiological and cytological investigations and the adequate usage of core biopsy.     

Breast biopsy. Changing patterns during a five-year period

The current emphasis on early detection of breast carcinoma prompted an analysis of all breast biopsies performed at an urban teaching hospital between January 1, 1983, and December 31, 1987. There were 1,342 biopsies during this interval in 933 patients with an overall mean age of 45.3 years. Malignancy was diagnosed in 197 patients (14.7%) with a mean age of 57.5 years, while the remaining patients with a benign diagnosis had a mean age of 43.2 years. There were 178 nonpalpable lesions (13.3%) and 22 malignancies were detected in this group (12.4%). Most (91%) of the nonpalpable malignancies were "early" (in situ and stage I), while 71 per cent of the palpable malignancies were "advanced" (stages II and III). Although the yearly number of biopsies remained constant, upward trends were demonstrated in the number of nonpalpable lesions biopsied, the proportion of malignancies detected among all biopsies, and in the yield of proliferative benign forms of breast disease, specifically those with atypia. These trends correlated with a sixfold increase in the yearly number of mammograms performed over the same time interval. These results suggest that a commitment to an expanded use of mammography and to an aggressive approach to breast biopsy can increase the detection of both early forms of breast carcinoma and those benign breast lesions that are known pathologic risk determinants for breast carcinoma. Such a commitment may influence the future survival of this population.