风湿性瓣膜病合并冠心病的外科治疗

报告１９９１年１月至１９９５年１１月期间１５例风湿性瓣膜病合并冠心病病人瓣膜替换及冠脉桥术（ＣＡＢＧ）的体会。手术均在低温体外循环下进行。其中二尖瓣替换＋ＣＡＢＧ６例，主动脉瓣替换＋ＣＡＢＧ６例、双瓣替换＋ＣＡＢＧ３例，术后死亡３例，其余治愈出院，作者强调了术前明确诊断的重要性，并就冠脉搭桥、心肌保护、主动脉气囊反搏（ＩＡＢＰ）及药物的应用加以讨论。     

1110例冠状动脉搭桥术的早期结果

目的　回顾性总结１９９６ 年１ 月以来１１１０ 例冠状动脉搭桥术（ＣＡＢＧ） 的近期疗效,介绍冠心病搭桥术的体会和经验。　方法　体外循环下行ＣＡＢＧ１０４８ 例,非体外循环ＣＡＢＧ６０ 例。心肌保护均采用冷血含钾停跳液,体外循环时间１１５ ±３５ 分钟,主动脉阻断时间７２ ±２４ 分钟,单支搭桥１１０ 例,２ 支搭桥１４５ 例,３ 支搭桥４１５ 例（３７－３ ％） ,４ 支搭桥或４ 支以上４３９ 例（３９－５％） 。搭桥材料：左乳内动脉７５１ 例,大隐静脉８７７ 例,桡动脉１０１ 例,全动脉化７２ 例。合并手术：室壁瘤切除１１２ 例,室壁瘤折叠１４ 例,左室成形５ 例,瓣膜手术４８ 例,室间隔穿孔修补术５ 例。　结果　住院死亡９ 例,死亡率０－８１％ 。其余患者痊愈出院,心绞痛基本缓解。术后并发症：低心排１１ 例,主动脉球囊反搏７例,围术期心肌梗塞２ 例,脑部并发症３ 例,二次开胸止血４ 例。　结论　选择好靶血管和充分血管化是冠状动脉搭桥术的关键。另外要重视围术期处理。     

急性心肌梗死心源性休克反复室颤紧急冠状动脉搭桥2例

我们对２例急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）、心源性休克、反复室颤病人施行心肺复苏和紧急冠状动脉搭桥（ＣＡＢＧ）手术,效果满意。例１　男,４０岁。急性广泛前壁心梗伴心源性休克、脑梗塞。置入主动脉内球囊反搏（ＩＡＢＰ）,冠脉造影示左冠状动脉主干（ＬＭ）狭窄大于９５％,直接送手术室,２次发生室颤,经胸外挤压配合药物及胸外电除颤转复。紧急建立体外循环（ＣＰＢ）,用大隐静脉行冠状动脉搭桥２支。开放升主动脉后心脏自动复跳,病人顺利脱机。术后第５天再次脑梗塞,经治疗２５天基本恢复,术后１个月康复出院。例２　男,５７岁。…     

冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ动态变化

目的 观察心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和ＣＫ－ＭＢ在冠状动脉旁路移植术（ＣＡＢＧ）围术期变化，以判断心肌损伤状况。方法 １９例ＣＡＢＧ病人，其中３例同时行左室室壁瘤切除。 平均体外循环时间１２１ｍｉｎ，阻断升主动脉５６ｍｍ，灌注冷血停跳液保护心肌，平均每例搭桥３．２支，围术期２０个时间点取静脉血标本，留血浆测ｃＴｎＩ和ＣＫ－ＭＢ。术主术后第７ｄ作标准１２导联心电图（ＥＣＧ）。结果 ｃＴｎＩ术前５例升主同者，停机     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后长期随访

目的 总结１９８２年至１９９１年间３８例冠状动脉旁路移植术（ＣＡＢＧ）者的长期随访结果,以探讨术前危险因子对ＣＡＢＧ疗效的影响。方法 ３８例中男３６例,女２例。年龄４１－７３岁,平均５５．４岁,７３．７％病人年龄大于５０岁。有心肌梗死发作史者１５例,有心衰史者２例。ＰＴＣＡ失败后急症手术２例,３支,３支以上冠状动脉病变者１９例。心功能Ⅲ级及以上者３０例。应用Ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃａ软件包中的Ｌｏｇｉｓ     

血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因治疗冠心病进展

一、背景 冠状动脉旁路移植术（ＣＡＢＧ）和经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）对于治疗大部分冠心病病人有较好的近期和远期疗效。但对另一部分终末期患者,如弥漫性冠状动脉病变,ＣＡＢＧ或ＰＴＣＡ治疗效果不佳,或有过反复ＰＴＣＡ或ＣＡＢＧ史仍有大量药物治疗不能控制的心绞痛发作,或者由于目标血管条件差,缺乏移植桥材料,不能耐受手术,故不再适用于常规的治疗方法（ＣＡＢＧ、ＰＴＣＡ）。针对这部分病人,ＶＥＧＦ基因治疗具有很广阔的研究和应用前景。 二、ＶＥＧＦ特性 ＶＥＧＦ是一个高度特异性的血管内皮细胞生长刺激因…     

心肌肌钙蛋白T在心血管手术中的变化及对围术期心肌梗死的诊断意义

我们观察外周血浆中心肌肌钙蛋白Ｔ（ｃＴｒｏｐｏｎｉｎＴ，ｃＴｎＴ）在心血管手术围术期的变化，并探讨其对围术期心肌梗死（ＰＭＩ）的诊断意义。资料与方法　体重大于６０ｋｇ的１８例冠状动脉搭桥（Ｉ组）和１５例二尖瓣主动脉瓣双瓣替换（ＩＩ组）的成年病人，按心电图（ＥＣＧ）提示〔Ｑ波和（或）ＳＴ段异常〕的围术期ＰＭＩ分为ＥＣＧ阳性（Ａ亚组）和ＥＣＧ阴性（Ｂ亚组）。ＩＡ组１０例，均为男性；年龄（５３±８）岁；体重（７３±５）ｋｇ；冠状动脉阻断时间（６７±２３）分钟，体外循环（１０２±２８）分钟。ＩＢ组８例，…     

风湿性心脏病患者体外循环期间NAG、β2-MG、BUN、Scr的变化

本文对２０例后天性心脏瓣膜病变行体外循环（ＣＰＢ）心内直视术病人,于围术期通过放免及尿酶检查方法测定血／尿β２微球蛋白（β２－ＭＧ）和尿Ｎ－乙酰－β－Ｄ－氨基葡萄糖苷酶（ＮＡＧ）的变化,并与常规肾功能检查方法相对比。资料与方法　风湿性心脏病行体外循环心内直视术病人２０例,术前氮质血症（ＢＵＮ）、肌肝（Ｓｃｒ）无异常者,心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级,ＡＳＡⅡ～Ⅲ级,其中男１２例,女８例。年龄３５．９（２０～５２）岁,体重４８．２（４０～６１）ｋｇ。施行二尖瓣置换术９例,主动脉瓣置换术５例,双瓣置换术６例。均用安…     

连续16例冠状动脉旁路移植无死亡

连续１６例冠状动脉旁路移植无死亡陈鑫，郭子黄，吴澄安，高岩，徐明，缪进冠状动脉旁路移植（ＣＡＢＧ）在我国远未普及开展，我院近二年连续施行ＣＡＢＧ１６例，均获成功。临床资料１６例中，冠心病（ＣＡＤ）１４例，男：女＝１２：２，平均６２．７岁，均有中、重度...     

冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期心输出量变化的研究

冠状动脉旁路移植 (ＣＡＢＧ)手术是治疗冠心病的有效方法。用热稀释法连续测量心输出量〔1〕(ＣＯ) ,观察心功能的变化 ,可及时、准确、直接、方便地掌握病人的状况〔2〕。我们观察冠心病病人围术期的各项血流动力学指标 ,以及ＣＯ在围术期的变化规律 ,了解围术期心脏泵血功能的变化及其影响因素 ,探讨围术期心输出量变化与麻醉、手术、体外循环、临床用药的关系 ,以期指导临床治疗。临床资料　 1999年 8月至 2 0 0 0年 2月 ,我们行ＣＡＢＧ手术治疗冠心病病人 30例 ,其中男 2 5例 ,女 5例 ;年龄 4 5～ 74岁。所有病人均为冠状动脉多支病变…     

Reoperation for coronary artery disease in the young: early and mid-term results

Background As the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) at young age is high in Asian countries, the number of coronary reoperations in this group of patients is increasing. The aim of this study was to define the incidence, risk factors and to discuss the methods of re-revascularization and early to mid-term outcomes in these patients. Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of the data of patients who underwent primary coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) before the age of 45 years and underwent reoperation for recurrence of angina due to progression of native coronary artery disease and, or, graft occlusion. The data was also analyzed with regards to the risk factors contributing to the recurrence of the disease and the short to mid-term outcomes. During a six year period from January 1998 to October 2004, a total of 68 patients had reoperation for recurrence of angina. The mean interval of presentation following primary CABG was 12.48±3.11 years (ranged from 8 months to 16 years). Reoperation was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in 63 patients and in the remaining five patients on beating heart without using CPB. Results Reoperation accounted for 4.6% of 2478 patients who underwent CABG between January 1998 through October 2004 at our institute. Among these 114 patients, 68 patients underwent primary CABG before the age of 45 years. These 68 patients received a total of 214 grafts (3.14 grafts per patient) of which 169 grafts were re-anastamosed to previously grafted target arteries. Left internal mammary artery was used in 61 patients (89.7%) who required graft to left anterior descending coronary artery at reoperation. The early mortality was 4.4% (3 out of 68). Two patients (2.94%) had perioperative myocardial infarction and two more patients were re-explored for mediastinal bleeding. Freedom from recurrence of symptom of angina at 2 and 4 years was 98.01%, 94.5% respectively. Conclusions Redo CABG is associated with higher morbidity and mortality when compared to first-time CABG. Perioperative myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction contribute significantly to the increased risk of redo CABG.     

Combining off pump coronary artery bypass with mitral valve replacement

Background Conventional approach to combined coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and mitral valve replacement (MVR) is associated with longer cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic cross clamp (ACC) time leading to high operative risk. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of nine consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting/mitral valve replacement combining the off pump technique with cardioplegic arrest. Elective intra aortic balloon pump (IABP) support was instituted in all cases. CABG was first done in all cases without cardiopulmonary bypass support. Mitral valve replacement was then done using conventional cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest using the superior septal approach. Results Nine consecutive patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with mitral valve replacement including three patients with acute myocardial infarction. Preoperative echocardiogram revealed a mean ejection fraction (EF) of 38.4 ± 6.0%. Intra aortic balloon pump was inserted in all patients preoperatively. The average number of grafts were 3.0 ± 0.7. Eight patients received bioprosthetic valve while one patient received mechanical prosthesis. The average length of stay in intensive care unit was 3.3 ± 0.5 days. There was no mortality. One patient had superficial wound infection. Conclusion The data suggest that the combined technique (off pump coronary artery bypass grafting and conventional mitral valve replacement) is a safe method to perform coronary artery bypass grafting/mitral valve replacement with minimal morbidity and mortality.     

178例冠状动脉搭桥手术的围术期处理

目的总结连续178例冠状动脉搭桥手术围术期主要并发症的发生率及处理经验。方法178例中男153例，女25例；平均年龄(57.7±7.5)岁；既往有陈旧性心肌梗死104例（58.1%），不稳定心绞痛112例（62.6%）、室壁瘤切除14例(7.9%)，冠状动脉内膜剥脱术31例(17.4%)，同期行瓣膜置换5例。结果围术期死亡4例（2.2%），围术期心肌梗死8例（4.5%），疗效尚满意。结论掌握接受冠状动脉搭桥手术人群的特殊性、熟练冠状动脉外科技术、合理选择适应证、及早发现和正确处理并发症是提高手术疗效，降低围术期死亡率的关键。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术1018例临床分析

目的总结、探讨冠状动脉搭桥术的外科技术及临床治疗效果。方法回顾分析1997—2004年同一术者完成的冠状动脉搭桥术1018例患者的临床资料,其中非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)510例,体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)508例。≥60岁的患者582例(57.2%)。不稳定性心绞痛患者852例;术前同时合并其他疾病患者784例(77.0%),包括瓣膜病、高血压病、糖尿病、陈旧性心肌梗死、室壁瘤、室间隔穿孔、脑梗死、阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、慢性肾功能不全、恶性肿瘤术后等。左主干病变156例;三支病变671例,三支病变以下347例。结果死亡4例(0.39%),总体并发症(胸骨哆开、脑梗死、纵隔炎)发生率1.6%(16/1018)。OPCAB者平均搭桥(2.5±0.4)支,CCABG者平均搭桥(3.3±0.6)支。左乳内动脉使用率93.8%(955/1018),术后早期使用主动脉内气囊反搏29例。全组随访2个月～7年,随访1002例(98.4%)。结论科学的外科策略,精湛的手术技术及麻醉、体外循环技术的改进,可使CABG术的死亡率和并发症明显下降,冠状动脉旁路移植术安全、可靠,效果满意。     

34例非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术

目的：报告３４例非体外循环下的冠状动脉搭桥术，。方法：秣在全麻常温下进行，正中切口２１例，左前外侧切口１１例，右前外侧切口和左胸骨旁切口各１例。单支病变１７例，双支病变１１例，三支病变６例；平均每例搭桥１．４支，其中１例同时激光打孔心肌血运重建。结果：全组无手术死亡平均手术时间３．１小时，平均带气管插管时间１０．９小时，２２例病人（６４．７％）不需输血，平均住院花费３．４万元。术后ＵＦＣＴ或ＭＲＩ     

Simultaneous coronary bypass and abdominal aortic surgery in patients with severe coronary disease — indication and results

In patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) abdominal aortic surgery is still associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Some patients will present with both symptomatic CAD and large, symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) or end-stage aortic occlusive disease (AOD) that does not allow for a two-stage procedure. We report a series of 29 patients who underwent simultaneous coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and abdominal aortic surgery (25 AAA, 4 AOD). In the AAA group there were 23 males and 2 females with a mean age of 68 years (50–80). Sixteen patients presented with severe three-vessel disease. Ten patients had unstable angina. Aortic stenosis or insufficiency was present in two and one patient, respectively. Four patients with three-vessel disease and an ejection fraction below 30% presented with end-stage AOD and critical limb ischemia. Coronary bypass graft surgery was performed first. With the patient still on partial cardiopulmonary bypass, abdominal aortic surgery was carried out. Patients received an average of 3.1 coronary bypass grafts. Additionally, three aortic valves were implanted. Fourteen tube grafts and 15 bi-iliacal or bifemoral bifurcation grafts were placed in the abdominal aortic position. Additional vascular surgery was performed in five patients. Intraoperative management was without complication in all but one patient, who had intraoperative myocardial infarction (AOD group). Hospital mortality was 8% (2/25) in the AAA group. There was however substantial hospital morbidity (52.2%). The mean follow-up is 20.5±2.5 months. The actuarial survival rate at 3 years is 84.9%. It is concluded that combined CABG and abdominal aortic surgery is a reasonable option for patients who present with both severe CAD and symptomatic abdominal aortic disease. The continuation of CPB during aortic surgery may effectively prevent the adverse effects of infrarenal aortic clamping on a failing ventricle.     

Immediate and long-term results of coronary artery bypass operation in hemodialysis patients

This study evaluated the early and late results of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients on long-term maintenance hemodialysis (chronic HD) at Teikyo University Ichihara Hospital between January 1996 and June 2000. Thirty-six patients on chronic HD underwent CABG. There were 26 males (72%) and 10 females (28%) ranging from 41 to 81 years (mean +/- SD, 61.8 +/- 9.2 years) of age. Twenty-one patients (58%) had unstable angina, 14 (39%) stable angina, and 1 acute myocardial infarction. Eleven patients (31%) had urgent or emergency CABG. The average graft number was 2.5 +/- 0.8 (arterial graft 1.3 +/- 0.7/patient). Six patients had concomitant cardiac operations. Three patients underwent re- or a second re-CABG. Five patients underwent off-pump CABG. Principally, HD was performed during cardiopulmonary bypass and was followed by continuous hemodiafiltration in the early postoperative period. The early mortality was 11%; 25% in emergency and urgent CABG and 4% in elective CABG. In the follow-up period between 1 and 53 months (mean +/- SD 21.9 +/- 15.1 months), 4 patients died, and 9 patients developed recurrence of angina pectoris (6, occlusion of saphenous vein graft and 3, native coronary progression). Six patients had coronary intervention. The postoperative angiogram showed that all arterial grafts were patent, but the patency of the vein grafts was only 61.5%. The early results of CABG in patients on chronic HD was satisfactory. The late recurrence of angina pectoris mostly was caused by occlusion of the saphenous vein graft. In conclusion, the aggressive use of arterial grafts is crucial in CABG for patients on chronic HD.     

心血管手术同期施行冠状动脉搭桥

为提高心血管手术同期施行冠状动脉搭桥（ＣＡＢＧ）的疗效,降低手术死亡率,作者于１９８４年１１月至１９９６年７月施行此类手术５１例,其中瓣膜手术４５例,室间隔穿孔和室壁瘤切除４例,左房粘液瘤摘除术和腹主动脉瘤切除术各１例。术后早期死亡３例,死亡率５．８８％（１９９０年以后为４．１７％）,晚期死亡３例。作者认为：５０岁以上或有心绞痛症状和心电图缺血依据的心血管外科患者,应常规行冠状动脉造影。对狭窄程度＞５０％的主要分支,在纠正其他心血管病变同时,须行ＣＡＢＧ。术中充分再血管化,注意心肌保护,尽量减少升主动脉阻断时间。     

Long-term follow-up of total arterial myocardial revascularization using exclusively pedicle bilateral internal thoracic artery and right gastroepiploic artery

Objective: In order to reduce remote cardiac events associated with graft occlusions, arterial conduits are being increasingly utilized in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). While the internal thoracic artery (ITA) is the graft of choice for CABG, it is sometimes difficult or impossible to obtain a complete arterial revascularization only with ITAs in three-vessel diseases. We present our experience with total arterial myocardial revascularization with bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) and right gastroepiploic artery (rGEA). Methods: From April 1994 to January 2004, 174 patients (165 male, mean age 55.9±7.4) underwent coronary artery bypass procedure with exclusive use of BITA and rGEA. Left ventricular ejection fraction ranged from 20 to 68% (mean 55.9±6.8%). Seven patients (4%) had poor ejection fraction (<0.30), 23 (13, 2%) had acute myocardial infarction, 14 (8%) had left main disease. The mean CPB time was 96.9±15.7 min and the mean cross clamping time was 70±14.2 min. The mean number of distal anastomoses was 3.3±0.5 per patient. Results: Early mortality was 1.7%. The patients were followed for up to 9 years (mean follow-up time 6.3±2.6 years). Actuarial freedom from cardiac death (including hospital death) was 97.6%, at 9 years after the operation. Actuarial freedom from angina and cardiac events at 9 years was 79, 5% and 77, 6%, respectively. No perioperative myocardial infarction occurred. None of the patients needed a redo-CABG after leaving the hospital. Conclusions: This study indicates that the myocardial revascularization in young patients with three-vessel disease using exclusively pedicle BITA and rGEA provides excellent 9-year patient survival and improvement in terms of freedom from return of angina pectoris and freedom from any cardiac-related event. These results encourage the more extensive use of BITA and rGEA in selected patients with three-vessel coronary disease.