Anti-CCR3 monoclonal antibody inhibits eosinophil infiltration in Angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected ICR mice

ICR mice were each infected with 35 Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae. One group of mice received an intraperitoneal injection of anti-CCR3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (50 μg) at 10 days post-infection (dpi), while another similarly-treated group also received a booster injection (25 μg) at 12 dpi. All the mice were sacrificed at 14 dpi for pathological examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis and RNA extraction. The infiltration of eosinophils and the severity of eosinophilic meningitis were reduced in both the mAb-treated groups, relative to infected but untreated animals. The levels of CCL11 (eotaxin) in the peripheral circulation and the expression of the Th2-type cytokine interleukin-5 in the brains were significantly reduced. A. cantonensis infection is the major cause of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in Taiwan, and the results of this study could be useful for the development of strategies to reduce the neurological damage caused by this infection.     

Ablation of eosinophils with anti-IL-5 antibody enhances the survival of intracranial worms of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the mouse

Effects of depressed eosinophilia on the development of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the mouse were studied using monoclonal rat anti-mouse-interleukin-5 antibody (anti-IL-5). The administration of anti-IL-5 strongly depressed peripheral, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and medullary eosinophilic responses in mice infected with A. cantonensis, when compared with groups treated with phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) alone or isotype-matched rat IgG. There was no significant difference in A. cantonensis antigen specific IgG and IgE antibody responses between rat IgG treated and anti-IL-5 treated mice. Intracranial worm recovery in anti-IL-5 treated mice was consistently high throughout the course of the study and some worms migrated from the brain to the lungs. By contrast, almost all the intracranial worms in the mouse groups treated with PBS alone or rat IgG died before day 32. These data clearly indicate that IL-5 is essential for eosinophil responses in A. cantonensis infected mice and also that eosinophils serve as a potential effector cell in the killing of the intracranial worms in mice.     

中性粒细胞性支气管哮喘小鼠模型建立的探索

目的利用不同剂量脂多糖（lipopolysaccharides,LPS）干预卵清蛋白（ovalbumin,OVA）致敏和激发的小鼠,探索中性粒细胞性哮喘（neutrophilic asthma,NA）小鼠模型的建立。方法 80只BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组（A组）、肺损伤对照组（B组：B1～B4）、嗜酸细胞性哮喘模型对照组（C组）、NA模型探索组（D组：D1～D4）。分致敏和激发两阶段建模,致敏阶段：A组PBS腹腔注射及PBS滴鼻,B组PBS腹腔注射及LPS滴鼻,C组OVA腹腔注射,D组OVA腹腔注射及LPS滴鼻;激发阶段：A、B组生理盐水雾化,C、D组5%OVA雾化。通过观察小鼠雾化时的症状、肺组织病理改变,检测支气管肺泡灌洗液（bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF）细胞总数及分类计数和血清OVA-sIgE等评价NA小鼠模型建立。结果①D3组小鼠出现类似C组小鼠呼吸急促、大小便失禁等表现。②D3组BALF炎症细胞总数较A组显著升高（P〈0.01）;D3组中性粒细胞（neutrophil,NEU）百分比（NEU%）较A、C、D1、D2组显著升高（P值均〈0.01）,嗜酸粒细胞（eosinophil,EOS）百分比（EOS%）较A组显著升高而较C组显著低下（P值均〈0.01）。③D3组支气管管壁及肺泡间隔增厚变形,部分断裂,气道黏膜下除了EOS浸润外还存在明显NEU浸润。④D3组血清OVA-sIgE水平显著高于A组而低于C组（P值均〈0.05）。⑤D3组IL-4水平显著高于A组（P〈0.05）,与C组无显著差异（P〉0.05）;D3组IFN-γ水平显著低于A组（P〈0.05）,与C组无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论 10μg LPS滴鼻吸入＋50μg OVA腹腔注射三次与5%OVA连续激发两周即D3组可成功建立NA小鼠模型。     

合欢皮总皂苷治疗旋毛虫感染小鼠的疗效观察

目的研究合欢皮总皂苷对感染旋毛虫小鼠的治疗效果。方法将36只感染旋毛虫的ICR小鼠随机分为6组(每只小鼠感染300条旋毛虫),每组6只。组Ⅰ-Ⅲ为成虫组:组Ⅰ为感染对照组,组Ⅱ为合欢皮总皂苷治疗组,组Ⅲ为阿苯达唑治疗组;组Ⅳ-Ⅵ为肌幼虫组:组Ⅳ为感染对照组,组Ⅴ为合欢皮总皂苷治疗组,组Ⅵ为阿苯达唑治疗组。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组于感染后第2d开始给药,连续给药3d,于感染后第7d处死,计数小肠内成虫;Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组于感染后第7d开始给药,连续给药14d,于感染后第40d处死,计数肌幼虫并计算减虫率,HE染色计数肌幼虫,免疫组化检测膈肌中IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,COX-2因子的表达。结果合欢皮总皂苷和阿苯达唑治疗组成虫数和肌幼虫数均少于感染对照组(P<0.01),成虫减虫率分别为71.60%和81.24%,肌幼虫减虫率分别为65.70%和89.94%;HE染色结果表明两个治疗组囊包幼虫均减少,炎症细胞表达均明显减轻;免疫组化结果显示治疗组IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,COX-2的表达降低。结论合欢皮总皂苷对旋毛虫成虫和囊包幼虫均有较好的杀虫效果,虽然效果略次于阿苯达唑,但其作为中药提取物毒性较低。     

PD-1/PD-L1在弓形虫感染小鼠妊娠中晚期的表达及与IFN-γ的相互调节作用

目的　探讨程序性死亡蛋白（programmed death protein?1, PD?1）及其配体PD?L1在小鼠妊娠早期弓形虫感染后母胎界面的动态表达,及其与γ干扰素（interferon?γ,IFN?γ）的相互调节作用。方法　将20只孕0 d母鼠随机平均分为4组,即孕12 d对照组（12 dpn组）、孕12 d感染组（12 dpi组）和孕18 d对照组（18 dpn组）、感染组（18 dpi组）。在妊娠第6天时对12 dpi组、18 dpi组孕鼠给予150个弓形虫PRU株速殖子腹腔注射,12 dpn组、18 dpn组孕鼠则注射等量PBS。于小鼠妊娠第12天和第18天分别处死4组小鼠,计数胎盘、胎儿数量并称重。取各组孕鼠胎盘和子宫组织观察其组织病理变化,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）检测胎盘、子宫组织中PD?1与PD?L1、弓形虫表面抗原SAG?1及细胞因子IFN?γ mRNA表达水平,并分析PD?1与IFN?γ表达的相关性。设置12 dpn、12 dpi、18 dpn、18 dpi组以及12 dpi PBS阴性对照组、18 dpi PBS阴性对照组,采用免疫组织化学染色检测孕鼠子宫、胎盘组织中PD?1表达水平。结果　 12 dpi组和18 dpi组孕鼠均出现胎盘和胎儿发育不良等不良妊娠结局,且胎盘重量和胎儿体质量均低于12 dpn组、18 dpn组 (t = 5.52、11.44、12.63、11.67,P 均< 0.01)。组织病理观察结果显示,12 dpi组和18 dpi组孕鼠胎盘组织蜕膜及连接区连接疏松,胎盘及子宫组织中均见大量炎性细胞浸润和淤血。经qPCR检测发现,12 dpn、12 dpi、18 dpn组和18 dpi组小鼠胎盘和子宫组织中PD?1、PD?L1、IFN?γ和SAG?1表达均存在差异（F = 22.48、51.23、9.61、47.49、16.08、21.52、28.66、238.90,P 均< 0.05）,其中12 dpi组小鼠胎盘（P均 < 0.05）及子宫组织中（P均 < 0.05）中PD?1、PD?L1、IFN?γ和SAG?1表达水平均较12 dpn组升高。与18 dpn组相比,18 dpi组小鼠胎盘组织中PD?1和PD?L1表达水平均下降（P 均< 0.05）,胎盘和子宫组织中IFN?γ和SAG?1表达水平均升高（P均< 0.05）。与12 dpi组相比,18 dpi组孕鼠胎盘和子宫中PD?1和PD?L1表达水平均下降（P均< 0.05）。免疫组化染色结果显示,PD?1在12 dpi组孕鼠胎盘组织中浸润的炎性细胞上有表达,在18 dpi组中表达不明显;PD?1在12dpi组孕鼠子宫上皮呈强阳性表达,而在18 dpi组呈弱阳性表达。相关分析结果显示,12 dpi组孕鼠胎盘（rs = 0.99,P ＜0.01）、子宫（rs = 0.97,P ＜0.01）,18 dpi组孕鼠胎盘（rs = 0.82,P ＜ 0.05）、子宫（rs = 0.81,P ＜0.05）中 IFN?γ与PD?1 mRNA表达水平均呈正相关。结论　小鼠妊娠早期感染弓形虫后,胎盘和子宫中PD?1/PD?L1表达呈孕中期显著上升、孕晚期下降的动态变化,且与同期 IFN?γ表达趋势一致,其中PD?1与IFN?γ表达呈正相关;故推测在孕鼠妊娠中、晚期,母胎界面PD?1/PD?L1通路与弓形虫感染所诱导的IFN?γ有相互调节关系。     

Interleukin 9 promotes influx and local maturation of eosinophils

The interleukin 9 (IL-9) pathway has recently been associated with the asthmatic phenotype including an eosinophilic tissue inflammation. The mechanism by which IL-9 affects eosinophils (eos) is not known. To investigate whether this cytokine has a direct activity on the development of eos and eosinophilic inflammation, a model of thioglycolate-induced peritoneal inflammation was used in IL-9 transgenic (TG5) and background strain (FVB) mice. In this model, a transient eosinophilic infiltration in the peritoneal cavity was observed in FVB mice 12 to 24 hours after thioglycolate injection that coincided with peak IL-5 and IL-9 release. In contrast, TG5 mice developed a massive eosinophilia that persisted at high levels (81% of total cells) even 72 hours after thioglycolate injection. Release of eosinophilic major basic protein (MBP), IL-4, and IL-5 to the peritoneal cavity of these mice was significantly increased when compared with the control FVB strain. To study the mechanism by which IL-9 exerts its effect on eos, bone marrow or peritoneal cells were cultured in the presence of IL-5, IL-9, or their combination in vitro. IL-5 alone was able to generate significant numbers of eos in TG5 but not FVB mice, whereas a combination of IL-5 and IL-9 induced marked eosinophilia in both strains indicating a synergism between these 2 cytokines. These data suggest that IL-9 may promote and sustain eosinophilic inflammation via IL-5-driven eos maturation of precursors.     

Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid attenuates hepatic fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice with Schistosoma japonicum infection

The development of hepatic fibrosis is the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in human beings infected with schistosoma. In this study, we investigated the effect of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) on Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) egg-induced liver fibrosis. S. japonicum cercariae infected mice were injected with poly I:C at the onset of egg granuloma formation (early phase poly I:C treatment) or after the formation of liver fibrosis (late phase poly I:C treatment). Our results showed that both early and late phase poly I:C treatment significantly reduced collagen deposition and hepatic stellate cell activation in the liver. Poly I:C is one of the most effective adjuvants for Th1 type responses, and its protective effect on liver fibrosis was accompanied by increased IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-10 mRNA expression, and decreased IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA expression. Moreover, poly I:C injection also enhanced the mRNA expression of natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) and tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Therefore, it is indicated that poly I:C can significantly attenuate S. japonicum egg-induced hepatic fibrosis, which may be partly dependent on the increased Th1 response and decreased Th2 response.     

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞对日本血吸虫病疫苗保护性效果的影响及机制研究

目的 目的 探讨CD4+ CD25+ 调节性T细胞 （Tregs） 对日本血吸虫病疫苗保护性效果的影响及其机制。 方法 方法 雌性 BALB/c小鼠随机分成5组, 即正常对照组、 感染对照组、 抗CD25单克隆抗体 （anti?CD25 mAb） 组、 谷胱甘肽?S?转移酶 （Gluthatione?S?transferase,GST） 免疫组和GST/anti?CD25 mAb联合组。分别在感染后2、 3、 4、 5周剖杀小鼠, 收集脾细胞 及培养上清, 采用流式细胞术检测脾细胞中CD4+ CD25+ Tregs比例, 双抗夹心ELISA法测定脾细胞培养上清中的IFN?γ、 IL?2、 IL?4、 IL?5和TGF?β水平。感染后5周杀鼠, 门静脉冲虫, 统计每只小鼠虫荷及每克肝脏虫卵数; 肝组织石蜡切片HE 染色观察虫卵肉芽肿病理变化。 结果 结果 感染后5周, GST免疫组小鼠减虫率为24.98%, 而GST/anti?CD25 mAb联合组减 虫率达43.13%; GST免疫组小鼠脾细胞中CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ 比例显著高于感染对照组 （P < 0.05）, 而anti?CD25 mAb组小 鼠脾细胞中CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ 比例显著低于感染对照组 （P < 0.01）。使用anti?CD25 mAb后2周, GST/anti?CD25 mAb联合 组小鼠脾细胞培养上清中IL?4、 IL?5、 IFN?γ和IL?2含量均较其他组高; 各组小鼠肝脏病理变化和脾细胞培养上清中TGF? β水平间差异均无统计学意义 （P 均 > 0.05）。结论 结论 GST疫苗可引起日本血吸虫感染宿主CD4+ CD25+ Tregs 明显上升, 从 而导致其保护性效果欠佳; anti?CD25 mAb部分封闭CD4+ CD25+ Tregs后有利于增强日本血吸虫病疫苗的免疫保护性效 果, 其机制可能与Th1、 Th2型免疫反应增强有关。     

Th1和Th2型细胞因子对小鼠感染血吸虫的免疫保护性研究

目的 探讨Th1和Th2类细胞因子对小鼠感染血吸虫的免疫保护作用. 方法 C57BL/6小鼠48只,抽签法随机均分为4组,白细胞介素（interleukin,IL）-4组,给予IL-4 （200 ng）; IL-12组,给予IL-12 （200 ng）;胸腺基质淋巴生成素（thymic stromal lymphopoietin,TSLP）组,给予TSLP（200 ng）;生理盐水组,给予生理盐水（200μl）.4组均为腹腔注射,每周3次,持续注射8周.给药后2周,各组小鼠经皮攻击感染日本血吸虫尾蚴（40±2）条/鼠,感染后第3、6周剖杀,计算各组小鼠虫荷数、肝脏卵荷数.芯片检测各组小鼠感染前和感染后不同时间点血清中IL-5、IL-10、γ-干扰素（interferon-γ,IFN-γ）及肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）的动态变化.观察小鼠肝、脾的病理变化. 结果 细胞因子注射的第8周,IL-4组的Th2类细因子IL-5、IL-10依次为161.97、65.47 μg/ml; TSLP组的IL-5、IL-10依次为132.72、77.18 μg/ml; IL-12组的IL-5、IL-10依次为87.15、12.29 μg/ml;生理盐水组的IL-5、IL-10依次为188.92、167.52 μg/ml.IL-4和TSLP组Th2类细胞因子水平均高于IL-12组,但低于生理盐水组.IL-12组IFN-γ、TNF-α依次为165.7、23.64 μg/ml,水平高于其它各组.感染后3周IL-4、IL-12、TSLP、生理盐水组虫荷数依次为（9.50±4.51）、（12.83±2.32）、（6.75±2.87）、（9.80±3.03）条;感染后6周上述各组虫荷数依次为（18.83±5.91）、（24.80±9.42）、（21.67±3.67）、（17.67±6.74）条,每克肝组织虫卵数依次为（58 286.98±25 351.60）、（80 460.18±35 542.66）、（54 579.56±16 399.21）、（41 094.92±25 598.27）.与生理盐水组相比,各实验组虫荷数与每克肝组织虫卵数差异均无统计学意义.感染后第3周,IL-4、IL-12、TSLP、生理盐水组脾指数依次为（0.010±0.002）、（0.011±0.002）、（0.009±0.001）、（0.007 ±0.001）,各实验组与生理盐水组相比,差异均有统计学意义（t=3.158、5.076、6.204,P＜0.05）.感染后第6?     

细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4在日本血吸虫免疫逃避中的作用及其机制研究

目的探讨细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4(CTLA-4)在日本血吸虫免疫逃避中的作用及其机制。方法雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分成3组,即正常对照组、感染对照组和抗CTLA-4单克隆抗体(Anti-CTLA-4 mAb)组。各感染组每只小鼠经腹部皮肤感染日本血吸虫尾蚴40条,感染2周后,Anti-CTLA-4 mAb组每只小鼠连续3 d腹腔注射300 μg anti-CTLA-4 mAb,对照组注射等体积的PBS。感染后6周杀鼠冲虫,计数每只小鼠虫荷及每克肝脏虫卵数。流式细胞术检测各组小鼠脾淋巴细胞中调节性T细胞(CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs)百分比。ELISA法检测各组小鼠脾淋巴细胞培养上清中细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5和IL-10的含量。肝组织石蜡切片HE染色观察感染组小鼠肝脏虫卵肉芽肿病理变化。结果Anti-CTLA-4 mAb组减虫率为18.99%,脾淋巴细胞中CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs百分比显著升高(P<0.05)。Anti-CTLA-4 mAb组脾细胞培养上清中细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5和IL-10的含量均高于感染对照组,肝脏虫卵肉芽肿直径较感染对照组明显增大。结论Anti-CTLA-4 mAb使用同时增强Th1型和Th2型免疫反应,有利于机体清除日本血吸虫但以损伤机体为代价。研究结果提示宿主CTLA-4利于日本血吸虫免疫逃避。     

广州管圆线虫感染小鼠血清细胞因子及IgG亚类的动态观察

目的观察小鼠感染广州管圆线虫后机体免疫的动态变化。方法分别采集感染前、感染后第1、3、7、18d的小鼠血清,用ELISA方法检测血清中细胞因子IL-2、IL-4以及特异性免疫球蛋白G（IgG）亚类水平。结果广州管圆线虫感染的小鼠血清中IL-2的水平较感染前呈逐渐下降趋势,IL-4的水平与感染前小鼠相比先下降后呈升高趋势。抗体IgG1的水平与感染前小鼠相比明显升高,IgG2a的水平与感染前小鼠相比未见明显变化。结论小鼠Th1型免疫应答较弱,Th2型免疫应答增强。表明小鼠感染广州管圆线虫后机体细胞免疫较弱,体液免疫较强。     

Curative effect of BCG-polysaccharide nuceic acid on atopic dermatitis in mice

Objective:To explore the effect of bacilli Galmette-Gurin(BCG)-polysaccharide nuceic acid on atopic dermatitis in mice and its mechanism.Methods:Forty NC/Nga mice were selected and randomly divided into Group A(model group),Group B(dexamethasone treatment group),Group C(BCG polysaccharide nucleic acid treatment group) and Group D(control group) with 10 mice in each group.Atopic dermatitis model were constructed by applying 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene on the skin of the mice.Mice in Group D were treated with acetone solution(100 μ L) on the foot pad and abdomen after hair removal at the age of 7 weeks.then on ear skin at the age of 8-13 weeks.For mice in A,B and C groups,100 μL of acetone solution containing 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene was applied to the foot pad and the abdomen at the age of 7 weeks,then on ear skins at the age of8 to 13 weeks.At the age of 7-13 weeks,mice in Group A and Group D were treated with 100 μL saline(i.p.);mice were given dexamethasone(0.1 mL/kg,i.p.) every other day for 7 weeks in Group B;mice were treated with BCG polysaccharide nucleic acid(0.5 mg/kg,i.p.) every other day for7 weeks in Group C.The ear thickness was measured every week and the scratching frequency was recorded 1 times for 10 min a week.The mice were sacrificed after the last administration of drugs,IgE,IL-4,IL-10,IL-I2 and IFN- γ in the plasma were detected using ELISA,and RT-PCR method was employed to detect the concentrations of IL-4,IL-10,IL-12 and IFN- γ proteins.After IIK staining,the lesion degree of inflammation in ear tissue was observed microscopically.Results:The ear thickness and scratching frequency of Group A were significantly higher than those in group B,C and D(P0.05),and there was no significant difference between Group B and C(P0.05);the concentrations of IgE,IL-4 and IL-10 in the plasma and the expression of IL-4,IL-10 mRNA in the spleen tissues of Group A,B and C were all significantly higher than those of Group D(P0.05);the concentrations of plasma IL-12 and IFN- γ,and spleen protein expression of IL-12 and IFN- γ in Group C mice were significantly higher than those of Group A(P0.05).Histological observation showed obvious ear tissue exudation,erythema,swelling,desquamation of skin,and scabbing in Group A.Histopathology of the skin lesion also showed hyperkeratosis,focal-parakeratosis,stratum spinosum hypertrophy,mild sponge-like edema,a large number of lymphocytes along with plasma cell infiltration in dermis,angiectasis and hyperemia in Group A,while degree of ear skin lesion in Group B and D mice was significandy lighter than that of Group A.Conclusions:BCC polysaccharide nucleic acid can significandy reduce the serum IgE concentrations,increase the expression of IL-12,IFN- γ protein,correct the imbalance of Th1/Th2 in atopic dermatitis mice,and has obvious inhibitory effect on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.     

植物乳杆菌对白细胞介素-10基因敲除小鼠结肠炎的治疗作用

目的 评估植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum,Lp）对白细胞介素-10基因敲除(interleukin-10 knockout,IL-10-/-)小鼠结肠炎的治疗作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法 8周龄雌性IL-10-/-小鼠和WT小鼠各20只,各自平均分成2组,即WT组、WT+Lp组、IL-10-/-组和IL-10-/- +Lp组。WT和1L-10-/-组予0.5 ml PBS灌胃,WT+ Lp和IL-10-/-+ Lp组予0.02g Lp(0.5 ml)灌胃,每天摄入Lp1×109菌落形成单位(CFU),持续灌胃4周后实验结束。实验开始前（0周）及开始后每隔1周收集小鼠新鲜粪便1次,直至实验结束。实验结束后将小鼠处死,记录各组小鼠体重变化,并测量其结肠长度和湿重,切取新鲜结肠组织标本做病理切片及结肠黏膜促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)检测。并对小鼠新鲜粪便作选择性细菌培养,观察Lp在正常小鼠和炎症小鼠体内的定植情况及其对肠道菌群的调节作用。结果 与WT小鼠相比,IL-10-/-小鼠腹泻较重,体重亦明显下降(P＜0.05),存在严重营养不良,而经Lp治疗后IL-10-/-小鼠腹泻得到缓解,体重亦明显增加(P＜0.05)。病理学检查显示,所有IL-10-/-小鼠皆发生肠道炎症,经Lp治疗后肠道炎症得到明显改善,黏膜溃疡、上皮增生及黏膜固有层淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞浸润明显减轻,病理学评分明显降低(P＜0.01)。IL-10-/-小鼠经Lp治疗后结肠湿重及湿重与长度比出现明显变化(P＜0.01),结肠水肿和增厚现象得到明显改善。IL-10-/-组小鼠结肠TNF-a和IFN-γ含量分别为(377.4±84.4) μg/g和（602.6±108.1）μg/g,均较WT组明显增加[（139.2±32.7）μg/g和（173.0±52.4）μg/g,P＜0.05）]。Lp干预4周后,IL-10-/- +Lp组小鼠结肠TNF-α和IFN-γ的含量分别为(207.2±65.7) μg/g和(442.1±138.4) μg/g,均较IL-10-/-组显著降低(P＜0.05)。IL-10-/-小鼠体内肠道菌群出现紊乱。结论 Lp能有效减轻IL-10-/-小鼠肠道炎症,对结肠炎起到一定的治疗作用,且这种治疗作用与Lp调节肠道菌群及抑制促炎细胞因子的表达有关。     

联合IL-5可溶性受体与IL-4突变体对支气管哮喘小鼠气道高反应性及IgE、IFN-γ水平的影响

目的通过观察IL-5可溶性受体（sIL-5Ra）及IL-4突变体（IL-4mutant,IL-4MT）对哮喘小鼠气道高反应性（airwayhyperresponsiveness,AHR）及IgE、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）水平的影响,探讨其潜在的临床应用价值。方法随机将50只BALB／c雌性小鼠分成5组,分别为正常对照组、哮喘组、IL-4MT治疗组、sIL-5Ra治疗组和IL-4MT联合sIL-5Ra治疗组（简称联合治疗组）。采用腹腔注射卵蛋白（ovalbumin,OVA）与氢氧化铝混悬液对小鼠进行致敏,卵蛋白雾化,建立小鼠哮喘模型,其中正常对照组用生理盐水替代。雾化前30rain,IL-4MT治疗组、sIL-5Ra治疗组及联合治疗组分别腹腔注射IL-4MT100μg、sIL-5Ra100μg、IL-4MT和sIL～5Ra各100μg,正常对照组与哮喘组用生理盐水替代。末次激发24h后,用不同浓度的氯化乙酰胆碱激发各组小鼠,测定其肺阻力,ELISA法观察比较各组血清及BALFIgE、IFN-γ水平变化,肺组织行HE染色,观察病理变化。结果与正常对照组相比,哮喘组肺阻力显著增加（P〈0．01）;与哮喘组相比,IL-4MT组和联合治疗组肺阻力显著降低（P〈O．05）,联合治疗组下降更明显;与sIL-5Ra治疗组相比,联合治疗组肺阻力显著降低（P〈O．05）。与正常对照组相比,哮喘组血清及BALF中IgE含量显著升高,IFN-γ含量显著下降（P〈O．01）;与哮喘组相比,联合治疗组血清及BALF中IgE含量显著下降,IFN-γ含量显著升高（P〈O．01）;与单独治疗组相比,联合治疗组血清及BALF中IgE含量显著下降,IFN-γ含量显著升高（Pd0．05）。与哮喘组比,单独治疗组与联合治疗组肺组织炎症细胞渗出、浸润及对气道上皮的炎性损伤明显减轻,联合治疗组减轻更明显。结论联合应用sIL-5Ra与IL-4MT可以明显减轻哮喘小鼠AHR,降低血清及BALF中IgE含量,同时升高IFN-γ含量,减轻气道炎症。     

自身免疫性肝炎小鼠模型差异表达基因的筛查及柴胡皂苷D对部分差异表达基因表达的影响

目的对自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)小鼠模型的差异表达基因进行基因芯片筛查,并观察柴胡皂苷D(SS-d)对部分差异表达基因表达的影响,探讨AIH的发病机制及SS-d对该病的治疗作用机制。方法健康、雌性SPF级C57BL/6小鼠40只[体质量(20±2)g],分为基因芯片组(n=8)和SS-d治疗组(n=32)。基因芯片组小鼠又分为正常对照组(n=4)和模型组(n=4),正常对照组常规饲养,模型组小鼠按15 mg/kg剂量给予尾静脉注射刀豆蛋白A(Con A),12 h后处死并提取肝组织,按Agilent芯片说明书进行差异表达基因的筛选,采用荧光定量PCR技术对部分差异表达基因进行验证。SS-d治疗组小鼠随机分为正常组(常规饲养)、模型组(按15 mg/kg剂量给予尾静脉注射Con A)、SS-d低剂量组和SS-d高剂量组(分别按2.5 mg/kg和5.0 mg/kg剂量给予腹腔注射SS-d预处理,8 h后按15 mg/kg剂量给予尾静脉注射Con A)(每组8只)。12 h后收集各组小鼠静脉血,ELISA法检测血清ALT、AST。无菌条件下提取小鼠肝组织,部分多聚甲醛固定后切片,并进行HE染色;部分肝组织用于提取RNA,采用荧光定量PCR技术检测部分差异表达基因(IFNγ、IL-4、IL-5、IL-13和IL-17)的mRNA水平变化。多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t法检验;两组间比较采用t检验。结果基因芯片组小鼠共筛查差异表达基因11512个,其中上调5189个,下调6323个,显著富集于138条信号通路;荧光定量PCR验证结果显示,与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠IFNγmRNA和IL-17 mRNA的表达升高(P值均<0.01),而IL-4 mRNA、IL-5 mRNA和IL-13 mRNA的表达下调(P值均<0.01),与芯片筛查结果一致。在SS-d治疗组中,与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠血清ALT、AST水平均升高(P值均<0.01);肝组织内可见大量淋巴细胞浸润;IFNγmRNA和IL-17 mRNA的表达水平明显升高(P值均<0.05),而IL-4 mRNA、IL-5 mRNA和IL-13 mRNA的表达水平明显降低(P值均<0.05)。与模型组比较,SS-d低剂量组和SS-d高剂量组小鼠血清ALT、AST水平均降低(P值均<0.05),肝组织内淋巴细胞浸润程度减轻;IFNγmRNA和IL-17 mRNA的表达水平均降低(P值均<0.05),IL-4 mRNA、IL-5 mRNA和IL-13 mRNA的表达水平均升高(P值均<0.05),上述基因的含量变化差异在SS-d高剂量组与SS-d低剂量组之间具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论AIH的发生发展系大量基因异常表达的共同作用结果。其中IFNγ、IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、IL-17与AIH的发病密切相关,同时也是SS-d发挥免疫调节及肝损伤保护作用的生物学靶点。     

不同剂量结核病DNA疫苗的电转染免疫原性研究

目的 研究不同剂量结核病DNA疫苗电转染后的免疫原性.方法 40只BALB/c小鼠通过随机数字表法分为8组,每组5只.其中4组分别用100 μl生理盐水和10 μg、50 μg、100 μg结核分枝杆菌Ag85A DNA肌内注射免疫小鼠;另4组用100 μl生理盐水和10 μg、50 μg、100 μgAg85ADNA肌内注射加电转染免疫小鼠.每2周免疫1次,共3次.最后1次免疫后2周杀死小鼠.用ELISA方法检测小鼠脾细胞培养上清液中γ干扰素（IFN-γ）和白细胞介素4（interleukin 4,IL-4）水平;用流式细胞术检测小鼠外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）分泌IFN-γ的辅助性T细胞（helper T cell,Th）1细胞百分比、分泌IL-4的Th2细胞百分比,以及Th1与Th2的细胞比值.用SAS 9.2软件处理数据,实验数据以“-x±s”表示,对有关数据进行两因素析因设计的方差分析,两两比较采用t检验,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 免疫结束后2周,小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ水平,50 μg[（646.05±342.53） pg/ml]和100 μgAg85ADNA肌内注射组[（738.61±372.68） pg/ml]显著高于生理盐水组[（1.73±3.88）pg/ml]（f值分别为4.065、4.647,P值均＜0.05）和10 μg Ag85A DNA组[（87.83±120.82）pg/ml]（t值分别为3.513、4.094,P值均＜0.05）;10 μg Ag85A DNA电转染组[（357.06±105.18） pg/ml]显著高于生理盐水组（t=2.247,P＜0.05）,高于100 μg Ag85ADNA电转染组[（86.08±135.73） pg/ml],但差异无统计学意义（t=1.706,P＞0.05）;50 μg Ag85ADNA电转染组[（648.60±439.41）pg/ml]显著高于生理盐水组（t=4.081,P＜0.05）和100 μg Ag85A DNA电转染组（t=3.539,P＜0.05）.与直接肌内注射组IFN-γ水平[（87.83±120.82） pg/ml]比较,10 μg Ag85A DNA电转染组增高3倍[（357.06 pg/ml）/（87.83 pg/ml）]; 50 μg Ag85A DNA肌内注射组[（646.05±342.53） pg/ml]与电转染组[（648.60±439.41）pg/ml]比较,差异无统计学意义（t=-0.016,P＞0.05）;100 μg Ag85A DNA电转染组[（86.08±135.73）pg/ml]较肌内注射组[（738.61±372.68） pg/ml]降低88.35％（t=4.105,P＜0.05）.小鼠PBMC分泌IFN-γ的Th1细胞百分比,不同剂量Ag85A DNA肌内注射组[10 μg Ag85A DNA：（1.39±0.84）％;50 μg Ag85A DNA：（1.55±0.33）％;100 μg Ag85A DNA：（2.13±0.47）％]和DNA电转染组[10 μg Ag85A DNA：（1.42±0.47）％; 50 μg Ag85A DNA：（1.88±0.51）％; 100 μg Ag85ADNA：（1.43±0.68）％]均高于生理盐水组[（0.65±0.31）％]（t值分别为2.002、2.431、4.015、2.084、3.332和2.105,P值均＜0.05）,但不同剂量Ag85A DNA电转染组与肌内注射组之间差异均无统计学意义（t值分别为0.081、0.901和-1.91,P值均＞0.05）.小鼠PBMC分泌IL-4的Th2细胞百分比,不同剂量Ag85A DNA肌内注射组[10 μg Ag85A DNA：（1.42±1.18）％; 50 μg Ag85A DNA：（1.14±0.78）％; 100 μg Ag85A DNA：（1.24±0.76）％]和DNA电转染组[10 μg Ag85A DNA：（1.19±1.09）％; 50 μg Ag85A DNA：（2.06±0.96）％;100 μgAg85A DNA：（1.47±0.65）％]均显著低于生理盐水电转染组[（4.14±2.55）％]（t值分别为-3.392、-3.738、-3.616、-3.676、-2.599和-3.325,P值均＜0.05）,但不同剂量DNA肌内注射组与DNA电转染组之间差异无统计学意义（t值分别为0.284、-1.139和-0.292,P值均＞0.05）.结论 DNA电转染免疫可以增强低剂量DNA疫苗的免疫应答,使用少量的DNA疫苗就可以产生较好的免疫效果.     

Eosinophil chemoattracted by eotaxin from cerebrospinal fluid of mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis assayed in a microchamber

When non-permissive hosts are infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the migration of the worms to the brain and their subsequent development manifests as marked eosinophilic pleocytosis. We used microchambers to demonstrate direct eosinophil chemotactic activity by adding a variety of antibodies into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of BALB/c mice 21 days post-infection with A. cantonensis. The antibodies were directed to neutralize eotaxin, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cells expressed and secreted), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and platelet-activating factor (PAF), respectively. Eosinophil migration into the polycarbonate membrane covering CSF with anti-eotaxin or anti-MIP-1alpha antibodies was significantly lower than that for antibody-free CSF (Student's t test: p < 0.01, p < 0.05). We also collected CSF from mice 21 days after infection with 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 third-stage larvae (L3) respectively for dose-dependent testing, and 40 L3 at days 7, 14, and 21 after infection for time-dependent testing. Chemokine production in CSF was affected by A. cantonensis infection intensity and post-infection time. In conclusion, eotaxin and MIP-1alpha released in the CSF of A. cantonensis-infected mice have eosinophil chemotactic activity in this in vitro assay.     

广州管圆线虫感染大理州福寿螺模型的构建及探讨

目的 构建广州管圆线虫人工感染大理州福寿螺实验动物模型,观察并探讨感染后福寿螺的生长变化和感染效果,为本地区深入研究广州管圆线虫病提供充足的试验材料.方法 用福寿螺体内的广州管圆线虫(第三期幼虫)感染昆明小鼠,6周后用含有广州管圆线虫一期幼虫的新鲜鼠粪感染大理本地繁殖的福寿螺,将福寿螺随机分为A、B、C、D组,每组40...     

Recombinant Muscovy Duck Parvovirus Led to Ileac Damage in Muscovy Ducklings

Waterfowl parvovirus (WPFs) has multiple effects on the intestinal tract, but the effects of recombinant Muscovy duck parvovirus (rMDPV) have not been elucidated. In this study, 48 one-day-old Muscovy ducklings were divided into an infected group and a control group. Plasma and ileal samples were collected from both groups at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days post-infection (dpi), both six ducklings at a time. Next, we analyzed the genomic sequence of the rMDPV strain. Results showed that the ileal villus structure was destroyed seriously at 4, 6, 8 dpi, and the expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 decreased at 4, 6 dpi; 4, 6, 8 dpi; and 2, 6 dpi, respectively. Intestinal cytokines IFN-α, IL-1β and IL-6 increased at 6 dpi; 8 dpi; and 6, 8 dpi, respectively, whereas IL-2 decreased at 6, 8 dpi. The diversity of ileal flora increased significantly at 4 dpi and decreased at 8 dpi. The bacteria Ochrobactrum and Enterococcus increased and decreased at 4, 8 dpi; 2, 4 dpi, respectively. Plasma MDA increased at 2 dpi, SOD, CAT, and T-AOC decreased at 2, 4, 8 dpi; 4, 8 dpi; and 4, 6, 8 dpi, respectively. These results suggest that rMDPV infection led to early intestinal barrier dysfunction, inflammation, ileac microbiota disruption, and oxidative stress.     

Effect of interleukin-18 on viral myocarditis: enhancement of interferon- gamma and natural killer cell activity

Encephalomyocarditis virus causes viral myocarditis with myocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in mice. Because previous studies have shown that some cytokines prevent the sequelae of myocarditis, we assessed the effect of a newly identified cytokine, interleukin-18 (IL-18), in preventing the sequelae of myocarditis. Murine IL-18 (10 microg/day/mouse) was given peritoneally for 10 days in C3H mice infected with EMC virus. Mice were divided into group IL-18 (infected-treated), saline group (infected-untreated), group IL-18-2 (treatment started on day 2), group IL-18-5 (treatment started on day 5). Although the 14-day survival rate in saline group was 20%, that in the group IL-18 increased to 80% (P<0.05). Either mice in group IL-18-2 or in group IL-18-5 did not survive longer than saline group. The viral titer of the heart on day 3 was lower in group IL-18 compared to the saline group (1.00+/-0.20 log(10)tissue culture infected dose (TCID)(50)/mg wet weight v 1.42+/-0.12 log(10)TCID(50)/mg, n=3 of each). Mice in group IL-18 had less myocardial necrosis and cellular infiltration than the saline group. The myocardial expression of interferon- gamma (IFN- gamma) mRNA in group IL-18 was significantly (P<0.05) greater than the saline group on days 1 and 3 after viral inoculation. Circulating IFN- gamma was significantly elevated on days 1, 5, and 7, but significantly reduced on day 3. The natural killer cell activities in the spleen on days 1, 3, and 5 were significantly (P<0.05) greater in group IL-18 than in the saline group (41+/-9%v 10+/-6% on day 3, 4 of each). We conclude that IL-18 reduces the severity of EMC viral myocarditis by inducing cardiac expression of IFN- gamma mRNA and increasing splenic natural killer cell activity.