肿瘤基质金属蛋白酶的表达及其抑制剂的研究进展

基质金属蛋白酶 (matrixmetallproteinases ,MMP)广泛分布于动植物中 ,是细胞外基质 (ECM )降解过程中必不可少的酶 ,在正常稳定状态组织中MMP表达量极少 ,而在炎性细胞因子、激素、生长因子刺激下和细胞转化过程中其表达量上升 ,此过程涉及多种生理和病理过程。实验证明 ,瘤细胞侵袭转移能力与其产生蛋白酶降解ECM、基底膜的能力密切相关 ,MMP在肿瘤的浸润与转移中起重要作用 ,基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂 (TIMP)是MMP的天然抑制剂 ,二者的平衡在调节ECM的稳态中有重要作用。1　MMP在人类肿瘤组织中的表达大量的观察和实验资料表明MM…     

基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂的活性测定方法

基质金属蛋白酶在肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移过程中起重要作用，并与一系列的病理过程紧密相关。在体外测定基质金属蛋白酶的活性水平，对恶性肿瘤的诊断和预防具有重要意义，同时为小分子基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂的活性筛选提供有益的依据。主要的活性测定方法有化学法、酶谱法、免疫分析法、荧光底物法、高通量筛选法。对这些测定方法的原理、操作及优缺点进行了介绍及比较。     

基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂的临床应用评价

目的:评价基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂临床应用的疗效与安全性.方法:查阅国内外近期相关文献,就该类药物的研究进展和目前的临床实验作一评述.结果与结论:基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂对于多数癌症患者来说是易于耐受的,但需长期给药才能达到最佳治疗效果,长期治疗无耐药现象产生;它可抑制肿瘤的发展,使肿瘤保持稳定,并阻止肿瘤的播散和转移,但不能使肿瘤完全消退;与常规化疗联合应用疗效更佳.随着几种基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂药物3期临床实验的开展,其治疗方案将在临床实践中不断完善和改进,为恶性肿瘤的治疗提供一种更完美的、更为有效的治疗方法.     

基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂对脑外伤后大鼠的神经保护作用

目的：研究基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂对大鼠颅脑外伤的神经保护作用。方法：利用自由落体撞击装置,制作脑外伤模型。将大鼠随机分为实验组（n=32）和对照组（n=32）,撞击前1天经侧脑室给药,实验组和对照组分别给予基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂和生理盐水,撞击后6小时、24小时、3天、7天分别处死大鼠,TUNEL法检测海马区细胞凋亡情况。结果：撞击后6小时、24小时、3天实验组较对照组神经功能评分明显减少（P〈0.05）;神经元的凋亡也有显著减少（P〈0.05）。结论：基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂对脑外伤后大鼠有神经保护作用,其作用机制可能与阻止神经细胞凋亡有关。     

基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂研究进展

基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)是一族含Zn2 的蛋白水解酶,参与细胞外基质的降解与组织重塑。MMP的过度表达与多种病理过程如癌症、骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎等密切相关,因此MMP的抑制剂可用于这些疾病的治疗。本文对近年来报道的小分子MMP抑制剂和它们的药理学特性进行综述。     

基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂的研究进展

基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)是一类钙离子和锌离子依赖的内肽酶,它们介导细胞外基质(ECM)的降解和组织重塑,促进肿瘤的侵袭和转移,调节宿主防御反应及正常的细胞功能。MMP抑制剂(MMPIs)可用于治疗肿瘤、骨关节炎及类风湿关节炎等疾病。近来发展了许多不同类别的抑制剂,但都未通过临床试验,故需采用不同的锌离子结合基(ZBG)设计具有选择性的抑制剂。本文概括了MMPs的三维结构,MMPIs的现状,小分子质量MMPIs的设计。综述了各类抑制剂的结构特点、治疗用途及已进入人类临床试验的化合物。     

己酮可可碱对肺纤维化大鼠肺中基质金属蛋白酶的影响

目的:观察己酮可可碱在抗大鼠肺纤维化过程中,基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)及金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂(TIMPs,MMPs特异性抑制剂)的变化,以探讨己酮可可碱抗肺纤维化的机制. 方法:采用气管内灌注平阳霉素的方法复制鼠肺纤维化模型,并设正常对照组和己酮可可碱治疗组,取肺进行MMP-2和TIMPs免疫组织化学分析,MMPs蛋白电泳;肺组织溶胶原活性测定. 结果:在肺泡炎阶段,己酮可可碱明显减弱了MMP-2的过度表达,同时增强了TIMPs的表达,使MMP-2/TIMPs值接近正常组,肺组织溶胶原活性稳定;在肺纤维化阶段,肺纤维化组MMP-2/TIMP明显下降时,己酮可可碱治疗组MMP-2/TIMPs值仍接近正常组水平. 结论:己酮可可碱调节MMP-2/TIMPs的比例是其抗肺纤维化的一个重要因素.     

子宫内膜异位症基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂与性激素受体的含量变化

<正>子宫内膜异位症(内异症,Endometriosis,EMs)发病机理有多种学说,随着分子生物学研究的进展发现性激素和性激素受体在内异症的发生发展中可能起着重要作用,内异症是激素依赖性疾病,细胞外基质的降解与重建是异位内膜侵袭     

乳腺癌患者手术前后外周血基质金属蛋白酶和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂的动态监测

目的研究乳腺癌患者手术前后外周血中基质金属蛋白酶（MMP-9）和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂（TIMP-1）含量与肿瘤进展的关系及其意义。方法采用ELISA法测定乳腺癌患者手术前和手术后2周、1个月、6个月血浆MMP-9及TIMP-的浓度，并与健康对照组比较。结果乳腺癌患者术前外周血MMP-9和TIMP-1浓度显著高于健康对照组（P〈0．05），其浓度与肿瘤TNM分期呈正相关（P〈0．05）；手术后2周、1个月、6个月血浆MMP-9、MMP-9／TIMP-1比值较手术前明显下降（P〈0．05）。结论乳腺癌患者外周血中MMP-9和TIMP-1浓度与肿瘤的进展密切相关。动态监测血浆中MMP-9和TIMP-1浓度变化，对于乳腺癌患者的病情监控可提供一定的参考。     

非选择性内皮素受体拮抗剂CPU0213改善感染性休克小鼠/大鼠的血管活性

目的:通过非选择性内皮素受体拮抗剂CPU20213对结扎小鼠和大鼠盲肠并穿孔致感染性休克血管活性的改善,探讨其通过干预内皮素-活性氧(ET-ROS)轴心治疗感染性休克可能的作用机制。方法:结扎小鼠盲肠并穿孔,8 h后按30 mg·kg-1皮下注射(sc)CPU0213,bid×3 d。观察术后该时间段的存活率,计算腹腔渗出液重量,生命器官脏器系数,心肌、肾匀浆和血清丙二醛(MDA),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)含量及胸主动脉血管活性;同样方法结扎大鼠盲肠,检测血浆ET-1浓度和肠系膜血管ETA和ETB受体mRNA表达。结果:模型组小鼠存活率明显降低,生命器官脏器系数明显增加,腹腔渗出液显著增多,GSH-PX活性下降,MDA含量增加,血管收缩和舒张功能及NO生物利用度明显降低;大鼠血浆ET-1浓度显著升高,肠系膜血管ETA和ETB受体mRNA表达上调;CPU20213治疗后,均有不同程度改善。结论:CPU0213通过阻断ET-ROS轴心,改善血管活性,减少腹腔渗出液,提高存活率。     

内皮素受体阻断剂CPU0213改善糖尿病大鼠心肌病由抑制NADPH氧化酶所介导

目的:研究糖尿病大鼠心肌病中由激活的NADPH氧化酶导致的损害,可由内皮素受体拮抗剂CPU0213逆转。方法:SD大鼠一次i.p.链脲佐菌素60mg/kg造成大鼠糖尿病模型,治疗组在后4周给予CPU0213(100mg/kg,p.o.)和氨基胍(100mg/kg,p.o.)治疗,连续4周。结果:CPU0213与氨基胍降低血糖效应不明显,但可改善心肌肥厚、降低心肌内皮素-1(ET-1)和氧化应激水平。CPU0213和氨基胍明显抑制高糖温孵的心肌细胞NADPH氧化酶p22phox和p67phox亚基的mRNA和蛋白过表达。结论:内皮素受体拮抗剂CPU0213和氨基胍改善糖尿病大鼠心肌病,由抑制心肌中NADPH氧化酶过表达所介导。     

内皮素受体拮抗剂CPU0213对异丙肾上腺素心肌病SERCA2a表达的改善作用

目的：研究异丙肾上腺素心肌病模型心肌细胞肌浆网钙ATP酶（sarco-endoplasmic reticulum ATPase 2a,SERCA2a）表达的改变,以及新型内皮素受体拮抗剂CPU0213的治疗作用。方法：雄性SD大鼠皮下给予异丙肾上腺素（2mg·kg^-1·d^-1）10d,治疗组动物在第6到第10天皮下给予CPU0213（30mg·kg^-1·d^-1）。各组动物颈动脉插管记录心功能指标：左心室收缩压（LVSP）,左心室舒张末期压（LVEDP）,和左心室压力变化最大速率（±dp/dtmax）。左心室心肌组织SERCA2a的mRNA及蛋白表达分别用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blotting）测定。结果：异丙肾上腺素引起左心室收缩和舒张功能明显下降,同时SERCA2a的mRNA及蛋白表达均显著下调（P〈0.05）。CPU0213显著提高SERCA2a表达（P〈0.05）,明显改善心功能（P〈0.05）。结论：CPU0213可通过逆转肌浆网钙调控蛋白SERCA2a的表达下调,使异丙肾上腺素引起的心功能下降得以恢复。本实验证明SERCA2a是β受体过度激活引发心衰过程中的重要靶点。内皮素受体介导了β受体过度激活状态下SER-CA2a的表达下调,是内皮素受体拮抗剂治疗心衰的重要依据之一。     

CPU0213, a non-selective ETA/ETB receptor antagonist, improves pulmonary arteriolar remodeling of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats

1. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of CPU0213, a dual endothelin ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist, and nifedipine, a calcium antagonist, in relieving pulmonary hypertension (PH). Both endothelin receptor and calcium antagonists have been reported to be effective in alleviating the remodelling of pulmonary arteries induced by monocrotaline (MCT) in rats. 2. After an initial single dose of 60 mg/kg, s.c., MCT, CPU0213 was administered to rats at doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg, p.o., for 28 days. In addition, nifedipine was administered to another group of rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg, p.o., for 28 days. The haemodynamics of the right ventricle, pulmonary vascular activity, remodelling of the pulmonary arterioles (< 150 microm) and biochemical changes were evaluated. 3. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), central venous pressure (CVP), the maximum rate of uprising pressure (dP/dT(max)) and the weight index of the right ventricle were significantly elevated in MCT-treated rats. In addition, increases in pulmonary endothelin-1, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyproline content and a reduction in superoxide dismutase activity was found after MCT treatment. The thickness and area of the pulmonary arterial wall were significantly increased in MCT-treated rats compared with control rats. At all three doses tested, CPU0213 ameliorated these changes in a dose-dependent manner and the effects were associated with a greater reduction in the remodelling of pulmonary arterioles. However, nifedipine was only partially effective in amelerioating biochemical and haemodynamic changes induced by MCT, significantly reducing RVSP, CVP, +dp/dt(max), tissue MDA, inducible nitric oxide synthase and hydroxyproline content, increasing -dp/dt(min) and having no effect on the other parameters investigated. In addition, nifedipine had no effect on remodelling of the arterial wall. 4. In conclusion, CPU0213 is more effective than nifedipine in suppressing the remodelling of pulmonary arterioles in PH induced by MCT treatment of rats. Furthermore, CPU0213 may have promise in treating PH secondary to connective tissue disease.     

Stress‐induced cardiac insufficiency relating to abnormal leptin and FKBP12.6 is ameliorated by CPU0213, an endothelin receptor antagonist,which is not affected by the CYP3A suppressing effect of erythromycin

Objectives Cardiac injury induced by isoprenaline produces stress. This stress can be mediated by the activated endothelin and leptin pathway; thus, the endothelin receptor antagonist CPU0213 may reverse these changes. CPU0213 is metabolized mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A, thus, erythromycin, an inhibitor of CYP3A, could affect its effects by raising its plasma levels. Methods Forty rats were divided into five groups. Group 1 rats were normal. Group 2 rats were administered isoprenaline (1 mg/kg, s.c.) for 10 days. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were administered isoprenaline, but group 3 was given erythromycin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) alone on days six to ten, group 4 was given CPU0213 20 mg/kg (s.c.) on days six to ten, whilst group 5 received erythromycin plus CPU0213 on days six to ten. Measurements were conducted to observe changes in the haemodynamics, cardiac weight index, serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase levels, and expression of endothelin receptor A (ET_a ), leptin and its OBRb receptor. Key findings In isoprenaline‐treated rats, cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction were found. This was associated with upregulated myocardial leptin protein and OBRb receptor mRNA. Immunohistochemical assay of ET_a was upregulated, accompanied with downregulation of FKBP12.6 (calstabin 2) in isoprenaline‐treated rats. These effects were significantly reversed by CPU0213. HPLC assay presented an increased plasma level of CPU0213 by erythromycin, but no change in its effects. Conclusions CPU0213 improved isoprenaline‐induced cardiomyopathy by modulating ET_a , leptin and FKBP12.6. However, erythromycin increased plasma levels but did not change its effects.     

CPU0123, a novel endothelin receptor antagonist,relieves hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats by suppressing excessive ET‐ROS pathway

Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH, PH) is a chronic and progressive disease with high morbidity and mortality and is resistant to vasodilative drugs in the clinic due to remodeling of pulmonary arterioles involved in PAH. The endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist bosentan is an effective oral medication in relieving PAH due to its antiproliferative effects. The dual ET_A/ET_B antagonist receptor antagonist, CPU0213, was compared with nifedipine in treating hypoxic PAH in SD rats that were exposed to 28 days of hypoxia (O₂ 10±0.5%). In untreated animals, elevated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), central vein pressure (CVP), and remodeling of pulmonary arterioles were predominant. In the pulmonary tissue of PAH rats, the ET‐ROS pathway was over‐activated in association with a reduced NO level, increased iNOS activity and hydroxyproline contents. Following oral treatment with CPU0213, (50 mg/mg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), the hemodynamic indices and pulmonary arteriole remodeling were significantly improved in a dose‐dependent manner. Elevated ET‐1 levels, iNOS activity, and maladjustment of pulmonary redox system were reversed, accompanied by a reduction of hydroxyproline in pulmonary tissue. An antiproliferative effect of CPU0213 was superior to that of nifedipine. The efficacy of 50 mg/kg CPU0213 was reduced. It is concluded that the low‐selective ET_A/ET_B receptor antagonist, CPU0213, is effective in relieving hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension by suppressing an over‐activated ET‐ROS pathway in pulmonary tissue. Drug Dev Res 68:42–50, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

中药小柴胡汤对肝纤维化大鼠MMPs与TIMPs mRNA的影响

目的探讨中药小柴胡汤对大鼠肝纤维化过程中MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1 mRNA表达的影响。方法用40％的四氯化碳制备大鼠肝纤维化模型,并用不同剂量的小柴胡汤进行干预。应用HE常规染色法对肝组织切片行组织病理学检查;应用逆转录聚合酶链反应法（RT—PCR）半定量测定大鼠肝组织中MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1 mRNA的表达。结果（1）肝组织病理学检查结果显示：小柴胡汤治疗组与模型组相比,肝纤维化程度显著减轻。（2）小柴胡汤治疗组TIMP-1 mRNA与模型组比显著降低（P〈0．01）,而MMP-2、MMP-9 mRNA与模型组无差异（P〉0．05）。结论小柴胡汤能显著减轻大鼠肝纤维化程度,其作用机理可能是通过下调TIMP-1 mRNA的表达而发挥作用．对MMP-2、MMP-9 mRNA表诀无影响。     

(7S,13R)-CPU86017及CPU0213对异丙肾上腺素损害血管活性的改善作用

目的:探讨具有钙拮抗及抗氧化作用的(7S,13R)-CPU86017及内皮素受体拮抗剂CPU0213对异丙肾上腺素诱导的血管功能损伤的改善作用。方法:将36只实验大鼠分为正常组、模型组、(7S,13R)-CPU86017和CPU0213治疗组,采用MedLab生物信号采集系统观察各组在去氧肾上腺素(1×10-6mol/L)预收缩血管后,乙酰胆碱梯度舒张大鼠离体主动脉环效应的变化;在L-硝基精氨酸或无L-硝基精氨酸孵育条件下,对去氧肾上腺素梯度加药引起的血管收缩效应;在含钙或无钙K-H液条件下,对去氧肾上腺素(1×10-6mol/L)引起的血管收缩变化及对KCl(100 mmol/L)引起的血管平滑肌收缩反应。结果:模型组对去氧肾上腺素、高钾的收缩反应增强,而对乙酰胆碱内皮依赖性舒张反应降低,NO的生物利用度明显降低。经(7S,13R)-CPU86017和CPU0213治疗后,血管功能得到显著改善。结论:异丙肾上腺素因损害血管内皮细胞功能而致血管活性异常。(7S,13R)-CPU86017及CPU0213可明显对抗此异常,改善血管功能。提示异丙肾上腺素引起β受体过度激活效应,可能由内皮素-1、氧自由基生成过多及钙通道的过度激活所介导。