阿托伐他汀治疗高血压早期肾损害

目的 探讨阿托伐他汀对高血压早期肾损害的影响.方法 对55例经氨氯地平降压治疗达到高血压1级及以下标准的高血压患者随机分为实验组(n=27)和对照组(n=28),实验组予以阿托伐他汀10 mg/d和氨氯地平,对照组只给予氨氯地平.两组治疗前及治疗后12周检测24 h动态血压、空腹血脂和尿微量白蛋白(MAU)、尿β2-微球蛋白(β-2-MG)、N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG).结果 两组治疗后12周,24 h收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)、白昼和夜间SBP及DBP均较治疗前明显下降(P均＜0.01),但实验组下降更为显著(P均＜0.01),SBP和DBP平滑指数也优于对照组(P均＜0.01).治疗前后两组血脂无明显变化(P＞0.05);实验组MAU、β-2-MG和NAG较治疗前显著下降[MAU:(42.2±14.9)vs实验后 (18.2±12.1) mg/L,β-2-MG:(6.2±1.4)vs实验后 (3.5±0.8)mg/L,NAG:(28.5±14.7)vs实验后 (17.9±9.5)U/L,P均＜0.01],并低于同期的对照组(P＜0.01),对照组仅MAU较治疗前下降(P＜0.01).结论 阿托伐他汀具有一定的协同降压作用,并可能改善高血压早期肾损害的相关指标.     

阿托伐他汀对高血压患者早期肾损害的影响

将90例高血压早期肾损害患者随机分为两组,对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在此基础上加用阿托伐他汀.治疗前、治疗后3个月检测并比较两组的血脂、尿微量白蛋白(MAU)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)水平.结果两组治疗后尿MAU、β2-MG、NAG均下降(P<0.05),但观察组下降幅度大于对照组(P<0.05).提示阿托伐他汀对高血压早期肾损害患者具有肾保护作用.     

阿托伐他汀对高血压肾病蛋白尿及C-反应蛋白和白介素-6的影响

目的研究阿托伐他汀对血压控制正常的高血压肾病患者蛋白尿的治疗作用及其与CRP和IL-6的关系.方法52例血压控制正常的高血压肾病患者随机分为他汀组(26例)或对照组(26例),分别给与阿托伐他汀(10 mg)或安慰剂治疗3月,观察血压(SBP/DBP)、血浆C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、血脂(TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C)、肌酐(Cr)、肌酐清除率(Ccr)、24 h尿蛋白(U-pro)和尿酸(UA)的变化.结果治疗3月后,与对照组比较,他汀组的U-pro(510.3±320.7 vs 748.3±411.6)mg/d、CRP(2.6±1.0 vs 3.7±1.4)mg/L和IL-6(133.6±37.7 vs 165.5±50.5)ng/L均显著降低(P<0.05～0.01),并较治疗前的基线值分别下降27%、25%和18%(P<0.01),且尿蛋白的减少量(△U-pro)与CRP和IL-6的变化值[△CRP(P<0.001)和△IL-6(P<0.001)]及基线的HDL-C值(P=0.029)呈线性相关;而两组间的Cr、Ccr无显著改变(P>0.05).结论阿托伐他汀能减轻高血压肾病的蛋白尿,该作用可能通过降脂以外的降低炎症因子CRP、IL-6的抗炎作用实现.     

原发性高血压患者血压水平与早期肾损害的相关性研究

目的探讨原发性高血压患者脉压(PP)、SBP、DBP及平均动脉压(MAP)与早期肾损害的关系。方法选择180例初诊或停药2周以上的原发性高血压患者进行PP、SBP、DBP和MAP检查,以血β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平>2.6mg/L作为肾损害的标准,分为肾损害组和非肾损害组,其中肾损害组84例,非肾损害组96例。将两组血压参数进行比较,并与血β2-MG水平进行相关性分析。结果(1)肾损害组PP[(59±10)mmHg]及SBP[(168±28)mmHg]较非肾损害组[(41±8)mmHg,(151±10)mmHg]明显增高。(2)相关分析显示血β2-MG与PP、SBP呈正相关,尿β2-MG与PP、SBP、DBP、MAP呈正相关。其中与PP、SBP相关性较好。结论PP与SBP、DBP、MAP增高均可导致高血压患者早期肾损害,而PP、SBP增大是导致高血压患者早期肾损害的主要因素。     

阿托伐他汀对高血压肾病蛋白尿及C-反应蛋白和白介素-6的影响

目的研究阿托伐他汀对血压控制正常的高血压肾病患者蛋白尿的治疗作用及其与CRP和IL-6的关系。方法52例血压控制正常的高血压肾病患者随机分为他汀组(26例)或对照组(26例),分别给与阿托伐他汀(10 mg)或安慰剂治疗3月,观察血压(SBP/DBP)、血浆C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、血脂(TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C)、肌酐(Cr)、肌酐清除率(Ccr)、24 h尿蛋白(U-pro)和尿酸(UA)的变化。结果治疗3月后,与对照组比较,他汀组的U-pro(510.3±320.7 vs 748.3±411.6)mg/d、CRP(2.6±1.0 vs 3.7±1.4)mg/L和IL-6(133.6±37.7 vs 165.5±50.5)ng/L均显著降低(P<0.05~0.01),并较治疗前的基线值分别下降27%、25%和18%(P<0.01),且尿蛋白的减少量(ΔU-pro)与CRP和IL-6的变化值[ΔCRP(P<0.001)和ΔIL-6(P<0.001)]及基线的HDL-C值(P=0.029)呈线性相关;而两组间的Cr、Ccr无显著改变(P>0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀能减轻高血压肾病的蛋白尿,该作用可能通过降脂以外的降低炎症因子CRPI、L-6的抗炎作用实现。     

贝那普利联合阿托伐他汀治疗高血压伴高血脂疗效分析

目的探究贝那普利联合阿托伐他汀治疗高血压伴高血脂的临床效果。方法选择北京怀柔医院于2016年3月~2017年3月收治的高血压伴高血脂患者78例,随机分为实验组与对照组(各39例),实验组采用贝那普利联合阿托伐他汀治疗,对照组仅用贝那普利治疗,观察两组患者临床疗效。结果治疗后实验组有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05),两组收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)显著低于治疗前(P0.05),实验组SBP、DBP显著低于对照组(P0.05),实验组三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)显著低于对照组(P0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论原发性高血压伴高血脂患者,采用贝那普利联合阿托伐他汀疗效较好,具有临床应用价值。     

阿托伐他汀对高血压患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的探讨高血压患者应用阿托伐他汀治疗后对血管内皮舒张功能、C反应蛋白(CRP)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、内皮素(ET)的影响.方法137例高血压患者随机分成阿托伐他汀治疗组(阿托伐他汀10 mg/d qd,观察组69例)及常规治疗组(对照组68例),比较治疗12周前后应用超声检测肱动脉流量介导性扩张的血管内皮舒张功能及C反应蛋白(CRP)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、内皮素(ET)水平的变化.结果观察组和对照组治疗前与治疗12周后比较,血管内皮舒张功能均有显著改善(P＜0.01和P＜0.05);治疗后两组间比较,血管内皮舒张功能(FMD7.95±0.87 vs 5.20±0.82;GTN12.12±5.11vs 10.38±5.10)及C反应蛋白(CRP3.14±0.53 vs 7.42±0.42)、纤维蛋白原(FIB236±103 vs 402±112)、内皮素(ET3.41±1.94 vs 4.51±2.70)水平有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论高血压患者应用阿托伐他汀治疗12周后可进一步改善内皮依赖性血管舒张功能,同时可减轻炎症反应,纤溶活性及血浆内皮素均有不同程度的改善.     

心踝血管指数与高血压早期肾损害的相关性研究

目的:探讨心踝血管指数(CAVI)与高血压早期肾损害的相关性。方法:入选60例高血压患者进行CAVI检测,同时测定尿微量白蛋白(MAU)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)水平;分析CAVI与MAU、β2-MG及NAG的相关性。结果:CAVI升高患者尿MAU、β2-MG及NAG均显著升高(均P<0.05);相关性分析显示CAVI与尿MAU、β2-MG及NAG呈显著正相关(r分别为0.681、0.912、0.853,均P<0.05)。结论:CAVI与高血压早期肾损害指标有显著相关性,可作为高血压患者早期肾损害评价指标之一。     

阿托伐他汀对高血压患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的探讨高血压患者应用阿托伐他汀治疗后对血管内皮舒张功能、C反应蛋白(CRP)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、内皮素(ET)的影响。方法137例高血压患者随机分成阿托伐他汀治疗组(阿托伐他汀10mg/dqd,观察组69例)及常规治疗组(对照组68例),比较治疗12周前后应用超声检测肱动脉流量介导性扩张的血管内皮舒张功能及C反应蛋白(CRP)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、内皮素(ET)水平的变化。结果观察组和对照组治疗前与治疗12周后比较,血管内皮舒张功能均有显著改善(P<0.01和P<0.05);治疗后两组间比较,血管内皮舒张功能(FMD:7.95±0.87vs5.20±0.82;GTN:12.12±5.11vs10.38±5.10)及C反应蛋白(CRP:3.14±0.53vs7.42±0.42)、纤维蛋白原(FIB:236±103vs402±112)、内皮素(ET:3.41±1.94vs4.51±2.70)水平有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论高血压患者应用阿托伐他汀治疗12周后可进一步改善内皮依赖性血管舒张功能,同时可减轻炎症反应,纤溶活性及血浆内皮素均有不同程度的改善。     

氨氯地平与阿折地平治疗原发性高血压疗效的比较

目的探讨并比较氨氯地平及阿折地平对轻中度原发性高血压患者的治疗效果。方法入选轻中度高血压患者55名,随机双盲分为两组:氨氯地平组和阿折地平组,两组患者均经过2周的药物洗脱期,分别给予8周的氨氯地平(5～10mg/d)或阿折地平(8～16mg/d)治疗,在治疗前后进行动态血压监测,比较两组患者治疗前后组内及组间血压的差异,并计算其谷峰比值(T/P)和平滑指数(SI)。结果治疗8周后:(1)与服药前比较,氨氯地平组SBP和DBP分别下降(16.1±11.3)mm Hg和(11.9±6.4)mm Hg,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);阿折地平组SBP和DBP均显著下降(21.2±11.9mm Hg)和(15.4±7.4mm Hg,均为P<0.01)。氨氯地平、阿折地平两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。(2)T/P:氨氯地平组用药后SBP、DBP的T/P分别为63%和92%,阿折地平组SBP与DBP的T/P分别为60%和61%。(3)SI:氨氯地平组分别为SBP(1.27±0.24),DBP(1.33±0.20)。阿折地平组分别为SBP(1.29±0.21),DBP(1.24±0.19)。氨氯地平、阿折地平两组之间进行比较,差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。结论氨氯地平、阿折地平对轻中度原发性高血压患者治疗效果好,两药T/P均符合美国FDA对每天服药1次的抗高血压药T/P>50%的要求。SBP及DBPSI均大于1。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.