茶叶中茶多酚提取分离技术的研究进展

简单介绍了茶叶中茶多酚和咖啡因的药理活性以及茶叶有效成分的组成和几种主要儿茶素类化合物的结构,分析探讨了提取分离废弃茶叶的原因和意义,并综述了近年来国内外有关茶叶中茶多酚提取分离技术的研究进展,包括溶剂提取法、离子沉淀法、超声波提取法、超临界流体萃取法、微波辅助萃取法、柱色谱法、大孔吸附树脂法和高速逆流色谱法,通过不同的实验过程对不同技术手段的应用及特点进行概述,并对这一研究领域的发展前景和发展方向做出展望。     

天然糖蛋白的提取、分离与纯化

概述天然糖蛋白的提取、分离、纯化及纯度鉴定方法研究。糖蛋白具有调节免疫、抗肿瘤等多种生理和药理活性，国内外学者对多种天然糖蛋白的提取、分离与纯化进行了大量研究，推动了糖蛋白药物的发展。     

美洲大蠊中脂溶性化学成分的GC-MS研究

目的 研究美洲大蠊提取物中油脂的化学成分。方法 用索氏提取法提取美洲大蠊成虫油脂，通过气相色谱-质谱分析，结合 计算机检索技术和人工检索对其化学成分进行分离和鉴定，应用色谱峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果 分离和鉴定出了19种成分。结论 美洲大蠊油脂由多种化舍物组成。其中以烯醇、烯酸类和烷烃类为主。     

川芎中挥发性化学成分的研究

目的：分析川芎中挥发油的化学成分并比较川芎挥发油不同提取方法的提取效果。方法：用超临界二氧化碳萃取和水蒸气蒸馏提取川芎挥发油，并用气相色谱—质谱联用仪对各样品的化学成分进行分离鉴定。结果：共鉴定出45种成分，主要的组分为正丁烯苯酞、正丁基苯酞、东川芎内酯／／新蛇床子内酯、藁本内酯、瑟舟酸内酯。结论：在两种提取方法中，超临界二氧化碳萃取的挥发油的化学成分较完全。     

茶叶中茶多酚的提取工艺及其含量测定

目的研究用不同的金属盐从茶叶中提取茶多酚的方法和测定茶多酚含量的条件。方法用氯化钙、氯化钡、三氯化铝和三氯化铁4种金属盐分别从茶叶中提取茶多酚,考察温度、pH对含量测定结果的影响。结果以三氯化铝为沉淀剂提取茶多酚的效果最佳,茶多酚含量测定的条件以100℃热浸45 min,pH=7.5最为适宜。结论用金属盐从茶叶中提取茶多酚的方法简便、实用,含量测定过程的温度及酸碱度容易控制。     

响应面优化微波辅助绿茶茶多酚提取工艺

目的 优化微波辅助绿茶茶多酚的提取工艺。方法 建立没食子酸标准曲线,通过引入校正因子测定绿茶提取液中茶多酚浓度以计算茶多酚提取得率;重点研究微波提取时间、微波输出功率、料液比、乙醇体积分数4项单因素水平对茶多酚提取得率的影响,初步确定4项单因素水平的适宜范围,并采用响应面法进一步提高绿茶茶多酚提取工艺。结果 最佳提取工艺为：提取时间37 s、微波输出功率350 w、料液比1∶45 (g/ml)、乙醇体积分数55%,茶多酚实际提取得率为25.65%,与理论值相差不大。结论 响应面优化的微波辅助绿茶茶多酚提取工艺省时可行、提取得率较高。     

苦丁茶挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

目的研究苦丁茶挥发油的化学成分。方法用水蒸气蒸馏法从苦丁茶中提取挥发油，通过气相色谱．质谱分析，结合计算机检索技术和人工检索对其化学成分进行分离和鉴定，应用色谱峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果分离和鉴定了18种成分，占挥发油的70.63％。结论苦丁茶挥发油的主要成分为单萜、二萜、2-庚烯醛、苯甲醛、苯甲醇、苯乙醇等。     

双水相体系协同超声法提取绿茶中的茶多酚

目的：优化双水相协同超声法提取绿茶中茶多酚的最佳工艺，并比较不同季节绿茶中茶多酚的含量。方法：以茶多酚含量为指标，选择乙醇浓度、硫酸铵浓度、料液比、超声时间进行单因素试验，在单因素试验基础上通过正交试验优选绿茶中茶多酚最佳提取工艺，采用最佳提取工艺提取并比较春、夏、秋季绿茶中茶多酚的含量。结果：最佳提取工艺为：采用45%乙醇、0.20 g·mL^-1硫酸铵的双水相溶液，以1∶90料液比，超声提取15 min；利用该提取条件测得不同季节绿茶中茶多酚含量为：夏季 > 秋季 > 春季。结论：双水相协同超声法可作为提取茶多酚的有效手段；夏茶可作为获取茶多酚的重要来源。     

澄茄子挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的：分离鉴定澄茄子挥发油的化学成分。方法：采用挥发油提取器提取澄茄子挥发油，应用GC—MS技术进行成分分析。结果：澄茄子挥发油经分离鉴定出57种化合物。结论：澄茄子挥发油中主要成分为柠檬醛、丁香烯、没药烯等萜类化合物，此外，还含有癸酸和月桂酸等脂肪酸。     

超声提取快速鉴定黄酮类化合物

目的：寻找一种快速、准确鉴定黄酮类化合物的方法。方法：应用超声提取、聚酰胺薄层分析的方法，对药材和中成药进行鉴定。结果：超声提取20min即可将药材中大部分成分提出，无须加快；聚酰胺薄层分析较纸层析干扰少，检出成分多，分离效果好。结论：该法是一种快速、、简便、可靠的方法。     

PLE in the analysis of plant compounds. Part I. The application of PLE for HPLC analysis of caffeine in green tea leaves

A broad spectrum of sample preparation methods is currently used for the isolation of pharmacologically active compounds from plant and herbal materials. The paper compares the effectiveness of infusion, microwave assisted solvent extraction (MASE), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) as sample preparation methods for the isolation of caffeine from green tea leaves. The effect of PLE variables, such as extraction temperature, pressure and time, on the yield of caffeine from the investigated matrix is discussed.

The obtained results revealed that PLE, in comparison with other sample preparation methods applied, has significantly lower efficacy for caffeine isolation from green tea leaves. The evaluation of PLE conditions leads to the conclusion that elevated pressure applied in the PLE process is the factor hindering the extraction.     

青钱柳多糖提取分离纯化及生物活性的研究进展

目的 对青钱柳多糖（Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide,CPP）的提取分离纯化及生物活性研究进展作系统分析,为CPP的深度研发提供参考。方法 查阅国内外近10年有关CPP的提取分离纯化及生物活性研究的文献,对其分析,概括和总结。结果 目前用于CPP提取的方法有超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法、回流提取法、热水浸提法、超声波-酶法及超高压萃取法;含量测定方法有苯酚-硫酸法和蒽酮-硫酸法、紫外分光光度法、高效液相色谱法、DNS比色法;分离纯化方法有离子交换树脂法、凝胶过滤柱色谱法、亲和色谱法。结论 各提取、分离纯化方法均具优缺点,应根据研究的目的、条件对其合理选择;CPP的生物活性研究已取得一定成效,但仅局限于粗提物,而对于开发更多符合临床需求的药物制剂及相关产品有待进一步研究。     

Separation, quantification and identification of non-volatile organic acids in body fluids by gas chromatography

The present paper concentrates on the analysis of non-volatile organic acids in physiological fluids. The solvent extraction and DEAE-Sephadex extraction of organic acids, respectively, seem to be the most widely used methods for isolation of this group of compounds from the biological matrix. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is the preferred method for the separation, quantification and identification. In three tables organic acids are divided into the classes according to a functional group, a survey of alkylation methods is given and retention indices of common urinary organic acids on various GC columns are summarized.     

Convenient isolation of strictinin-rich tea polyphenol from Chinese green tea extract by zirconium phosphate

Zirconium phosphate (ZrP) was prepared and employed to separate strictinin-rich tea polyphenol from Chinese green tea extracts. The influences of ZrP calcination temperatures, green tea extraction conditions, and the amounts of ZrP on the isolation of strictinin-rich tea polyphenol were evaluated; the absorption and desorption dynamics of strictinin on ZrP were also determined. Our results revealed that the HPLC content of strictinin increased from 4.96% in 70% ethanol extract of green tea to 58.2% in isolated strictinin-rich tea polyphenol obtained by ZrP-900 (ZrP calcined at 900°C). Furthermore, the suitable time for both strictinin absorption and desorption was 4 hours at 37°C. The method developed here consisted of easy steps such as ZrP absorption, water washing, and 0.4% phosphoric acid solution desorption, which may facilitate the detection and isolation of strictinin from different samples.     

薯蓣皂苷元的提取与分离分析方法

目的介绍薯蓣皂苷元主要的提取和分离分析方法。方法通过查阅近年来国内外有关薯蓣皂苷元的文献 ,对不同提取和分离分析方法及应用进行综述。结果薯蓣皂苷元作为一种重要的活性化合物和原料药 ,已得到国内外学者的广泛关注 ,并已建立了比较成熟的提取和分离分析方法。结论对于薯蓣皂苷元的研究 ,必将产生深远的意义和广阔的市场前景     

Preparation,structure, and properties of tea polysaccharide

Tea polysaccharide is a kind of acid glycoprotein complex extracted from tea. Tea polysaccharide has a variety of biological activities, especially the hypoglycemic effect is outstanding. It is good for human health. Tea polysaccharides have been extensively studied over the past few decades. The advantages and disadvantages of water extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction were described. At the same time, the structure and biological activity of tea polysaccharide were also summarized. The development of tea polysaccharide was prospected.     

Lycopersene: A review on extraction,identification and purification and applications

Lycopersene is a stable and safe triterpenoid. Lycopersen had utilized as an antioxidant, antimutagenic, antiproliferative, cytotoxicity, antibacterial and pesticide. Obtaining pure Lycopersene from natural sources is very important for fundamental research and the above applications. The present overview provides an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of the various methods used for extraction, isolation and purification of Lycopersene from natural sources with its applications in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical fields. Many different extraction methods ranging from conventional techniques (e.g. Soxhlet extraction, Maceration and Rotary evaporator) and other advanced extraction technologies (e.g. Solid-phase microextraction, steam distillation with Clevenger, Clevenger apparatus, Chromatography on SiO₂ column, centrifuge, sonication) had been used to obtain Lycopersene from flora and fauna. Purification techniques, alone or in combination, have been investigated for isolation and purification of Lycopersene from crude extracts in various natural sources. The review of Lycopersene identified cap areas like purity and application in various fields.     

香菇多糖的提取、分离纯化及结构分析研究进展

香菇多糖作为香菇的主要活性成分,具有多种药理活性.经现代医学和药理学的研究表明,香菇多糖具有抑制肿瘤、调节免疫、抗氧化、抗病毒等药理活性.本文主要综述了国内外香菇多糖提取、分离纯化、结构分析方面的研究概况,并对香菇多糖的未来研究方向进行展望.     

Molecular barcoding, DNA from snake venom, and toxinological research: Considerations and concerns

The problem of species identification in toxinological research and solutions such as molecular barcoding and DNA extraction from venom samples are addressed. Molecular barcoding is controversial with both perceived advantages and inherent problems. A method of species identification utilizing mitochondrial DNA from venom has been identified. This method could result in deemphasizing the importance of obtaining detailed information on the venom source prior to analysis. Additional concerns include; a cost prohibitive factor, intraspecific venom variation, and venom processing issues. As researchers demand more stringent records and verification, venom suppliers may be prompted to implement improved methods and controls.