170例Ⅰ类切口手术预防性使用抗菌药物分析

目的调查分析和评价我院外科Ⅰ类切口手术病人围手术期预防性使用抗菌药物情况。方法抽取我院2009年1～2月出院的Ⅰ类切口手术患者的住院病历170例,对围手术期抗菌素使用情况进行回顾性调查分析。结果170例手术患者预防性使用抗菌药物,使用率100%,药物使用频次前三位为：头孢哌酮他唑巴坦、衣替咪星和头孢唑啉钠;使用单一抗菌药物86例（50.59%）,联合用药84例（49.41%）;用药疗程1～27 d,平均5.86±3.43 d;用药时机：术前2 h内用药占85.88%,14.12%的病例抗菌药物用药时机不合理。结论170例Ⅰ类切口手术患者围手术期预防性应用抗菌药物存在：用药指征把握不严、抗菌药物种类选择欠妥、盲目联合用药、用药时机不当和用药时间长等问题,亟需加强规范化管理。     

普外科Ⅰ类切口围手术期预防性使用抗菌药物调查

目的 了解解放军第251医院普外科Ⅰ类切口手术预防性使用抗菌药物情况.方法 调查2006年1～12月出院的651例Ⅰ类切口手术(乳腺、甲状腺手术)患者病历,对数据进行分析.结果 Ⅰ类切口手术预防用药率达100%,使用频度高的药物是为一、二代头孢菌素(53%)、三代头孢菌素(40%)、喹诺酮类(9%);预防用药开始时间多在术前2～24h或术后,平均用药时间4.4d;排序前10位药物DUI均＜1;抗菌药物平均费用955元.结论 该院Ⅰ类切口手术预防用药指征药物选择、用药时机以及用药时间等方面尚存在一定的问题,需一步加强抗茵药物合理预防使用的管理.     

某院临床药师干预前后Ⅰ类切口手术抗菌药物使用调查分析

目的了解某院Ⅰ类切口手术抗菌药物在临床药师干预前后的应用情况。方法对2010年7～12月518例和2012年1～6月665例Ⅰ类切口手术患者的抗菌药物使用情况进行回顾性调查分析。结果在临床药师干预下某院Ⅰ类切口手术抗菌药物预防使用率达到卫生部抗菌药物专项整治规定范围,术前0.5～2h内给药率达到100%,在合理选药上也有较大程度的改善。结论临床药师干预效果明显,对临床合理用药起到了积极的推动作用。     

骨科Ⅰ类切口手术预防使用抗菌药物专项整治前后对比分析

目的 调查专项整治前后我院骨科Ⅰ类切口手术抗菌药物预防性使用情况,为后续管理提供依据.方法 采用回顾性调查法,抽取2010-08-01至2010-08-07(专项整治前)和2014-08-01至2014-08-07(专项整治后)全部骨科Ⅰ类切口手术病例,对预防用抗菌药物使用率、用药品种、持续时间、使用频度(DDDs)、药物利用指数(DUI)、用药费用等数据进行统计、分析.结果 专项整治后我院骨科Ⅰ类切口手术预防用抗菌药物使用率由整治前的100％下降到53.5％,抗菌药物品种选择以第一、二代头孢菌素为主,用药持续时间、使用频度和药物利用指数趋于合理,抗菌药物人均费用由整治前的921.3元下降为319.2元.结论 通过加强围术期预防用药的管理,采取有效的干预措施,可促进围术期抗菌药物应用的规范化、合理化.     

某医院抗菌药物临床应用情况调查

目的:调查了解某医院开展抗菌药物临床应用专项整治活动以来抗菌药物使用情况,为加强其使用管理提供参考。方法:统计某医院2011—2013年Ⅰ类切口手术、急诊、门诊、住院患者抗菌药物使用情况,比较年度使用比例的变化。结果:2011年、2012年、2013年,Ⅰ类切口手术患者预防用抗菌药物使用率分别为42.6%、41.5%和37.9%;急诊患者抗菌药物使用率和占药品总费用比例分别为20.4%、20.8%、18.6%和58.8%、20.8%、18.6%;门诊患者抗菌药物使用率和占药品总费用比例分别为5.3%、6.4%、4.5%和4.6%、3.7%、1.6%;住院患者抗菌药物使用和占药品总费用比例分别为5.3%、6.4%、4.5%和4.6%、3.7%、1.6%。结论:Ⅰ类切口手术、急诊、门诊、住院患者抗菌药物使用率逐年下降,但仍需加强宣传与管理。     

Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类切口预防性用药的相关问题观察与分析

目的：观察与分析Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类切口预防用药的相关问题,以指导临床合理用药。方法：随机抽取280例Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类切口手术者且对抗菌药物应用情况和应用频率较高抗菌药物进行观察与统计,然后将所得数据进行整理、分析。结果：280例Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类切口均给予预防性用药且药物选取以头孢类为主。结论：Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类切口预防用药仍存在着无用药指征、用药时间过长、档次过高等问题,而加强预防性用药的监管与统计对指导临床进行合理用药具有十分重要的临床意义。     

某院Ⅰ类手术切口围术期抗菌药物应用分析

 目的 了解某院Ⅰ类手术切口围术期使用抗菌药物特点及合理性情况,为临床正确规范使用抗菌药物提供参考依据。方法 随机抽取2011-11至2012-04共538例Ⅰ类手术切口病例,统计分析手术类型、抗菌药使用率、使用品种、联合用药、用药时机、用药时长等情况。结果 Ⅰ类手术切口抗菌药使用率为84.01%,以头孢硫脒与头孢噻肟使用比例最高,占所有使用病例的20.58%和17.26%,联用抗菌药比例为6.42%。首次给药时间为术前2~24 h、0.5~2.0 h和术后的比例分别为8.62%、46.24%和45.13%。给药时间控制在术后24 h 内者为18例,25~48 h内者为81例,大于48 h者为353例,平均使用6.83 d。结论 此院Ⅰ类手术切口预防使用抗菌药物存在指征把握不严、抗菌药选择不合理、给药时机与用药时长不当等问题,应进一步加强行政监管与临床药师参与力度。     

I类切口手术398例预防性应用抗茵药物调查分析

目的调查我院I类切VI手术围术期预防性应用抗菌药物情况,以促进用药合理性。方法采用回顾性调查方法．抽取我院2011年8月～2012年7月出院的398份I类切口手术病历进行调查及分析。结果398例I类切VI手术患者中320例使用了抗菌药物,使用率为80．40％,预防用抗菌药物主要以头孢菌素为主,占94．42％,其中93．44％用药时机正确：术后用药时间无指征超24h占58．13％。结论我院I类切口手术抗菌药物预防给药时机及用药品种的选择方面已趋规范．但仍存在预防用药指征把握不严、总预防用药时间过长等不合理现象。需进一步加强围手术期抗菌药物合理应用的管理,提高抗菌药物合理应用水平。     

骨折手术患者抗菌药物应用分析

目的 了解我院骨科手术患者抗菌药物使用情况,分析评价用药合理性.方法 统计近两年来骨科查房记录中骨折手术病例及骨科分离到的常见细菌,从抗菌药物选择、用药时间、联用情况、预防应用选择等方面进行分析.结果 骨科骨折手术患者全部使用抗菌药物,共使用25种,主要是头孢类、硝基咪唑类、青霉素类、β内酰胺酶复方制剂、喹诺酮类等.其中单用71%,二联使用27%,三联使用2%;平均用药天数8.8 d;预防性应用抗菌药物使用率100%,以头孢二代为主.结论 我院骨科抗菌药物选择较合理,但使用疗程偏长,应当加强抗菌药物使用管理.手术患者使用抗菌药物应当根据患者情况,选用经济有效的抗菌药,同时,应当考虑到如何防止细菌耐药现象的出现和扩展.     

Ⅰ类手术切口患者围术期预防性应用抗菌药物调查分析

我们对某省级三级甲等专科医院150例Ⅰ类手术切口患者围术期预防性应用抗菌药物情况进行了调查和分析,为指导合理用药提供依据。现报道如下。     

外科Ⅰ类切口围术期预防应用抗生素的调查分析

目的了解我院外科Ⅰ类切口围术期预防应用抗生素药物的使用情况,规范我院围术期预防应用抗生素的使用和管理。方法采取回顾性调查的方法,对我院2010年1—9月172例结节性甲状腺肿手术和闭合性骨折手术患者进行了围术期抗生素药物使用情况的调查。结果对照卫生部2009年发布的38号文件Ⅰ类切口手术预防用药抗生素药物使用原则,存在主要问题是用药种类选择过多,给药时机不正确,使用药物时间过长及盲目联合用药。结论医院Ⅰ类切口手术围术期预防应用抗生素药物存在严重不合理现象,有必要采取有效的综合管理措施。     

Isolated and combined Type II SLAP repairs in a military population

The study compares the clinical results of isolated arthroscopic repair of Type II SLAP tears with those of combined treatment for Type II SLAP and other associated shoulder conditions. The population was composed of 36 aged-matched active duty males with a mean age of 31.6 years (range 22–41 years); mean follow-up was 29.1 months (range 24–42 months). Eighteen subjects in Group I had isolated Type II SLAP tears. Eighteen subjects in Group II had Type II SLAP tear and concomitant ipsilateral shoulder conditions, including subacromial impingement in six patients, acromioclavicular arthrosis in three patients, subacromial impingement and acromioclavicular arthrosis in four patients, spinoglenoid cyst in four patients, and intra-articular loose bodies in one patient. Arthroscopic SLAP repair was performed with biodegradable suture anchors. Subacromial decompression and spinoglenoid cyst decompression were performed arthroscopically. Distal claviculectomy was performed in open fashion. Loose bodies were removed arthroscopically. At minimum 2-year follow-up, the mean UCLA score for Group I (30.2 ± 3.0 points) was not significantly different from Group II (30.8 ± 2.0 points) (P = 0.48). The mean post-operative ASES score for Group I (84.1 ± 13.4 points) was significantly lower than for Group II (91.8 ± 5.4 points) (P < 0.04). The mean VAS pain score for Group I (1.6 ± 1.3 points) was significantly higher than for Group II (0.7 ± 0.7 points) (P < 0.02). Seventeen of 18 patients (94%) in each group returned to full duty. In a population of active duty males, arthroscopic repair of isolated Type II SLAP had comparable results with a cohort of Type II SLAP repairs treated in combination with other shoulder conditions, with the combined treatment group having significantly better results in two of three parameters measured. Return to duty rates were identical. Therefore, concurrent treatment of other associated extra-articular shoulder conditions improves the overall success of SLAP repair and the presence of these other conditions should be recognized and treated along with the SLAP tears in order to maximize clinical results.     

Epidemiology of aortic disease: aneurysm, dissection, occlusion

The physiological infrarenal aortic diameter varies between 12.4 mm in women an 27.6 mm in men. As defined, an aneurysmatic dilatation begins with 29 mm. According to that, 9% of all people above the age of 65 are affected by an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Compared with the female sex, the male sex predominates at a rate of about 5:1. The disease is predominant in men of the white race. In black men, black and white women the incidence of AAA is identical. 38 to 50 percent of the AAA patients (patients) suffer from hypertension, 33 to 60% from coronary, 28% from cerebrovascular and 25% from peripheral occlusive disease. The AAA expansion rate varies between 0.2 and 0.8 cm per year and is exponential from a diameter of 5 cm on. In autopsy studies, the rupture rates with AAA diameters of < 5 cm, between 5.1 and 6.9 cm, and of > 7 cm were below 5%, 39% and 65%, respectively. 70% of the AAA patients do not die of a rupture, but of a cardiac disease. Serum markers, such as metalloproteinases and procollagen peptides are significantly increased in AAA patients. Thoraco-abdominal aneurysms (TAA) make up only 2 to 5% of all degenerative aneurysms. 20 to 30% of the TAA patients are also affected by an AAA. 80% of the TAA are degenerative, 15 to 20% are a consequence of the chronic dissection--including 5% of Marfan patients--, 2% occur in case of infections and 1 to 2% in case of aortitis. The TAA incidence in 100,000 person-years is 5.9% during a monitoring period of 30 years. In case of TAA, an operation is indicated with a maximum diameter of 5.5 to 6 cm and more and, in case of a Marfan's syndrome (incidence of 1:10,000), with a maximum diameter of 5.5 cm and more. With regard to aorto-iliac occlusive diseases, there are defined 3 types of distribution. Type I refers to the region of the bifurcation itself. Type II defines the diffuse aorto-iliac spread of the disease. Type III designates multiple-level occlusions also beyond the inguinal ligament. Type I patients in most cases are female and more frequently suffer from hyperlipidaemia, while Type II patients are affected by hypertension and diabetes. Compared to Type II patients, Type I patients have a life expectancy that is 10 years higher. Type I and Type II patients often suffer from a pelvic claudication and, unlike Type III patients, are more frequently affected by arterio-arterial embolisms.     

Rapid imaging of olfaction by functional MRI (fMRI): identification of presence and type of hyposmia.

PURPOSE: Our goal was to develop a rapid, simple, near-real-time method of functional MRI (fMRI) to measure brain activation in response to olfactory stimuli, to use it to identify patients with smell loss (hyposmia), and to differentiate their types of hyposmia. METHOD: fMRI was obtained in 16 patients with Type I hyposmia (who could detect but not recognize odors), 5 patients with Type II hyposmia (who could both detect and recognize odors, albeit with less than normal acuity), and 2 volunteers with normal olfactory acuity by use of a rapid echo planar imaging technique in which one coronal brain section from the anterior cortical region was studied and a single olfactory stimulus was used. Actual scanning time performed by a variation of methods previously published required 26 s. Three patients with Type I hyposmia were treated with theophylline 250-500 mg for 4-6 months and were studied before and after treatment. RESULTS: Brain activation in response to olfactory stimuli was demonstrated using a new, rapid, and simple fMRI technique. Patients with Type I hyposmia had less activation than patients with Type II hyposmia. Both patient groups had less activation than normal volunteers. Activation in patients with Type I hyposmia was essentially absent from regions of the middle frontal, orbitofrontal, and temporal cortex and was totally absent in regions of inferior frontal, insular, and cingulate cortex. Activation in patients with Type II hyposmia was greatest in the middle frontal cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex bilaterally and was present in regions of inferior frontal, temporal, and cingulate cortex. Each patient with Type I hyposmia treated with theophylline had improved smell function to Type II hyposmia and after treatment demonstrated activation in inferior frontal and cingulate cortex bilaterally, whereas before treatment, no activation in these regions was apparent. CONCLUSION: We describe a simple, rapid technique that can be used in a practical clinical setting to identify patients with hyposmia and to differentiate patients with different types of olfactory loss. These studies confirm the presence and classification of patients with Type I and Type II hyposmia. Results of this study suggest that regions of the frontal cortex may act to guide or direct olfactory signals to other brain areas such as temporal and cingulate regions. Although these latter regions are involved with olfactory recognition, their role in olfactory memory, olfactory meaning, and attention needs to be considered.     

大黄、芒硝联合红外线治疗腹部手术切口脂肪液化的临床研究

目的观察大黄、芒硝联合红外线治疗腹部手术切口脂肪液化的治疗效果。方法将我院2009年1月—2010年10月期间术后腹部手术切口发生脂肪液化的101例患者随机分为两组。试验组(n=50例)脂肪液化之切口,用大黄、芒硝混匀后外敷,并给予红外线治疗,每日1次。对照组(n=51例)应用普通换药及挤压方法,每日换药1次。结果试验组的切口愈合时间、更换敷料及应用无菌蝶形胶布固定切口次数、二次清创缝合术的几率,与对照组比较均有统计学差异(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论中药外敷加红外线治疗能促进脂肪液化伤口炎症渗出物的吸收,加快切口愈合。     

颅内血管网状细胞瘤46例的诊断和治疗

本文报告了1980年9月－1987年12月经手术病理证实的颅内血管网状的细胞瘤46例，其中幕下肿瘤42例（91．3％），幕上3例（6．5％），松果体区1例（2．25）。CT扫描分为：I型（囊型）4例（8．75）；Ⅱ型（囊腔结节）19例（41．3％），Ⅲ型（实体型）20例（43．5％），Ⅳ型（瘤内囊型）3例（6．5％）。4例实体肿瘤行脑血管造影，表现为多血性肿瘤血管团，无颅外供血。23例Ⅰ、Ⅱ型患者均行瘤结节切除，23例Ⅲ、Ⅳ型患者有17例全切，2例大部切除，4例活检。术后死亡6例（13．0％）。作者还对本病的诊断和治疗进行了讨论。     

普外科手术后病原菌及超广谱β内酰胺酶菌株感染原因分析

目的分析我院普外科手术后患者病原菌感染情况，重点回顾性研究超广谱13内酰胺酶菌株感染的原因，为临床提供基础依据。方法利用回顾性调查的研究方法对我院普外科550例住院患者手术后病原菌感染的情况进行调查统计。结果术后发生医院感染的患者43例，其中不合理用药23例，所有患者的抗生素使用率为100％，品种为39种，每位患者使用品种至少1种，最多8种，平均使用时间为20．2±13．5天。分析病原菌感染与手术复杂程度、切口在空气中暴露时间、插管表面接触、免疫力低下、手术损伤局部组织有关；另外检出的43例感染患者中有35株大肠埃希菌中产超广谱内酰胺酶（ESBLs）11株，10株克雷伯菌中产ESBLs6株，占60．00％。结论普外科手术应当高度重视术中操作。防止术后切口ESBLs菌株感染，加强控制措施，降低手术切口感染发生率。