脊髓髓内肿瘤的外科治疗

目的　本研究根据我科治疗脊髓髓内肿瘤的经验, 对其疗效进行评估。方法　对我科经手术治疗的７１ 例脊髓髓内肿瘤进行回顾性研究, 对肿瘤病理类型、肿瘤部位、临床症状及体征、辅助检查、手术切除程度、临床疗效进行分析。结果　本组室管膜瘤占３９４ ％ , 星形细胞瘤占２９６ ％ , 脂肪瘤占１２７ ％ , 血管母细胞瘤占９９ ％ , 全组手术全切除率为６２ ％ , 而室管膜瘤可达９２９ ％ , 近全切除率为１９７ ％ , 部分切除或活检率为１８３ ％ , 手术死亡率为２８ ％ 。结论　对绝大多数脊髓髓内肿瘤应早期诊断早期手术治疗, 如室管膜瘤等多能做到肿瘤全切除, 对恶性肿瘤或切除不完全者应行放射治疗     

脊髓髓内肿瘤显微外科治疗

目的 总结并探讨脊髓髓内肿瘤显微外科手术的治疗经验。方法 统计近3年来显微外科手术治疗18例髓内肿瘤的临床资料、手术方式及术后转归。结果 手术全切17例,大部分切除1例;病理学诊断室管膜瘤8例,星形细胞瘤6例,血管母细胞瘤3例,血管畸形1例;术后运动及感觉障碍改善14例,不明显3例,加重1例;随访共16例,未见1例复发。结论 髓内肿瘤一旦诊断应早期手术治疗。脊髓髓内肿瘤应强调显微手术镜下操作,这不仅使病变与正常脊髓更易辨清,同时使操作更为细致轻柔。仔细辨认肿瘤与脊髓界限,对全切肿瘤和保护脊髓是有帮助的。对于肿瘤与脊髓有较清楚界限时应争取显微镜下全切,但当肿瘤侵蚀已至软膜下区时,此时不能盲目追求全切,以避免永久性功能障碍。     

脊髓髓内肿瘤的手术治疗

目的：探讨各种病理类型的脊髓髓内肿瘤临床和影像学的鉴别诊断，肿瘤囊腔及其空洞的形成机理，脊髓前动脉在病理状态下的作用及各种肿瘤的手术切除技巧。方法：系统分析了经显微手术切除的１０４例（１１６个）髓内肿瘤，包括室管膜瘤，星形细胞瘤，血管网状细胞瘤等十余种病理类型的临床资料，并进行了动物脊髓血管闭塞模型的研究。结果：全组无手术死亡率，亦无手术致残者。绝大多数病人得到满意疗效，并保证了患者良好的术后存活质量。结论：对于绝大多数髓内肿瘤，显微外科手术治疗是目前最根本的治疗方法。强调早期治疗及对不同肿瘤采取相应的微创性手术技巧。对于那些疯狂侵润性生长的恶性肿瘤，要考虑一定剂量的常规放射治疗。     

脊髓髓内肿瘤及显微外科治疗

目的 探讨脊髓髓内肿瘤的诊断和显微手术切除方法。方法 对16例脊髓髓内肿瘤手术患者进行回顾性研究。结果 肿瘤全切除10例,近全切除4例,大部切除2例,术后12例均有不同程度的改善和好转,1例肌力较术前减退,3例未见明显好转。随访3个月～4年,室管膜瘤复发1例,星形细胞瘤复发3例,其余未见复发。结论 脊髓髓内肿瘤应作显微手术切除,避免或减少脊髓损伤,尽量做到全切除,减少术后的复发。     

脊髓髓内肿瘤显微外科治疗

目的总结脊髓髓内肿瘤的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析11例脊髓髓内肿瘤病人的临床资料,位于颈段2例,胸段6例,腰段3例。行MRI平扫和增强扫描明确诊断,均采用显微外科手术治疗,结合术中所见对诊断及治疗进行分析。结果肿瘤全切除7例,次全切除4例。术后症状明显改善8例,无改善2例,加重1例,无手术死亡。按McCormick脊髓功能状态分级标准:Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级1例,Ⅲ级1例,Ⅴ级1例。随访7例,时间6～24个月,复发2例。结论 MRI是诊断脊髓髓内肿瘤的首选方法,手术切除肿瘤能改善症状。     

脊髓髓内肿瘤手术治疗近况及进展

脊髓髓内肿瘤分别占椎管内及CNS肿瘤的 15 %～ 2 0 %和 2 %～ 4 % [1-2 ] 。在儿童 ,脊髓髓内肿瘤占椎管内肿瘤36 % ,大多为分化较好的星形细胞瘤 ;成人患者中 ,室管膜瘤最常见。 2 0世纪 6 0年代以后 ,随显微手术开展及超声吸引器的使用 ,髓内肿瘤切除获得良好效果。近 2 0年来 ,MRI、功能PET、DSA等神经影像技术不断发展 ,显微手术设备不断改进 ,手术切除肿瘤更加方便。本文主要就脊髓髓内肿瘤手术治疗近况、进展及预后作一综述。1　术前神经功能的评估和手术时机的选择McCorick针对脊髓髓内肿瘤患者的脊髓功能评估分数标准 ,已被多…     

脊髓髓内肿瘤及显微外科治疗

自 1994年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 8月 ,我科采用显微外科手术治疗脊髓内肿瘤 33例 ,疗效满意。现将报告分析如下。临床资料和手术方法　　 1.一般资料 :33例患者中 ,男 19例 ,女 14例 ,年龄 13～ 5 7岁 (平均 32岁 ) ,病程 2个月至 3年 ,平均 11个月 ,占同期收治椎管内肿瘤的17 6 %。2 .临床表现 :肢体麻木无力 2 1例 ,颈背部疼痛 9例 ,胸部束带感 1例。感觉异常由上向下发展15例。查体 :病变所在部位以下均有不同程度的感觉、运动障碍 ,受累肢体肌力 0～ 2级 6例 ,3～4级 15例 ,4级以上 12例 ,Ｈｏｆｆｍａｎｎ氏征或Ｂａｂｉｎ ｓｋｉ征阳性 19…     

积极开展脊髓髓内肿瘤的显微外科治疗

8脊髓髓内肿瘤并不少见,根据国内外文献报告占椎管内肿瘤的１５％～２０％。脊髓髓内肿瘤位于颈段者占４５％,位于胸段者占３９４％。由于切除肿瘤的操作过程中常并发脊髓损伤、缺血和水肿,可加重患者原有症状和体征,特别是高颈段髓内肿瘤术后可发生呼吸功能障碍,排痰困难,高热,上消化道出血等严重并发症,故以往认为脊髓髓内肿瘤特别是高颈段髓内肿瘤切除术是十分危险的,多数人对本病的手术治疗持悲观态度。７０年代以前,对髓内肿瘤多倾向于采取活检、椎板切除减压术及放疗等姑息治疗方法,患者的预后大多极差。其原因主要有两…     

显微手术治疗脊髓髓内肿瘤

目的探讨脊髓髓内肿瘤的显微手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析经显微手术治疗的27例脊髓髓内肿瘤病人的临床资料。结果肿瘤全切除13例,次全切除10例,大部分切除4例。术后1月症状明显改善21例,稳定3例,加重3例。本组无死亡病例。术后随访6-24个月,复发2例;按McCormick脊髓功能状态分级：Ⅰ级17例,Ⅱ级6例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级1例。结论MRI是诊断脊髓髓内肿瘤的首选方法,显微手术切除脊髓髓内肿瘤是一种有效的手段。     

脊髓髓内肿瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 总结脊髓髓内肿瘤的治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析36例经显微手术治疗的脊髓髓内肿瘤病人的临床资料,术中超声辅助定位5例.结果 室管膜瘤17例,低级别星形细胞瘤(WHO I ～II级)8例,高级别星形细胞瘤(WHO Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)3例,血管母细胞瘤3例,海绵状血管瘤2例,脂肪瘤、转移瘤、畸胎瘤各1例.室管膜瘤全切率82.4%,低级别星形细胞瘤为50.0%,高级别星形细胞瘤为33.3%,血管母细胞瘤、海绵状血管瘤和转移瘤均全切,脂肪瘤和畸胎瘤次全切.术后随访3个月,根据McCormick脊髓功能状态分级:I级23例,II级7例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级3例.结论 显微手术切除脊髓髓内肿瘤是目前最有效的治疗措施.术中超声有助于术中肿瘤定位,减少手术创伤.     

Surgical treatment of cervical intramedullary spinal cord tumors

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine if radical microsurgical removal of cervical intramedullary spinal cord tumors (CIMSCT) is achievable without causing respiratory, motor and sphincter deficits. Sixteen consecutive patients, who underwent surgical removal of a cervical intramedullary spinal cord tumor between 1988 and 1997, are presented. Surgical findings and results are analyzed. Patients' pre- and postoperative neurological conditions were evaluated using the clinical/functional scale of McCormick et al. The tumor was totally removed in 15 patients (93%). An improvement in sensory and motor functionality was obtained in 10 patients (63%), five patients (31%) remained stable and only one patient (6%), in whom partial removal was performed, presented a worsening of motor and sphincter functions. None of the patients who underwent total removal have shown MR signs of recurrence. The only patient in whom a partial removal was realized, presented a bulbar diffusion of the tumor and died. Microsurgical total removal can be considered the treatment of choice for CIMSCT. An accurate dissection between tumoral mass and normal spinal cord may allow, in the majority of cases, a total removal of tumor with preservation of spinal cord. Potential alterations of the spine stability must be prevented using internal or external stabilization. [Neurol Res 2001; 23: 835-842]     

Surgical treatment of cervical intramedullary spinal cord tumors.

The aim of this study is to determine if radical microsurgical removal of cervical intramedullary spinal cord tumors (CIMSCT) is achievable without causing respiratory, motor and sphincter deficits. Sixteen consecutive patients, who underwent surgical removal of a cervical intramedullary spinal cord tumor between 1988 and 1997, are presented. Surgical findings and results are analyzed. Patients' pre- and postoperative neurological conditions were evaluated using the clinical/functional scale of McCormick et al. The tumor was totally removed in 15 patients (93%). An improvement in sensory and motor functionality was obtained in 10 patients (63%), five patients (31%) remained stable and only one patient (6%), in whom partial removal was performed, presented a worsening of motor and sphincter functions. None of the patients who underwent total removal have shown MR signs of recurrence. The only patient in whom a partial removal was realized, presented a bulbar diffusion of the tumor and died. Microsurgical total removal can be considered the treatment of choice for CIMSCT. An accurate dissection between tumoral mass and normal spinal cord may allow, in the majority of cases, a total removal of tumor with preservation of spinal cord. Potential alterations of the spine stability must be prevented using internal or external stabilization.     

Prognostic factors in the treatment of intramedullary spinal cord tumors

Between 1993 and 1999, in the Divisions of Neurosurgery of the Hospital Nossa Senhora das Gra?as and the Hospital de Clínicas in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 35 patients harboring intramedullary spinal cord tumors who were submitted to microsurgery were analyzed. There were 24 males (68.6%) and average age was 32.9 years. The main location, with 40% of cases, was the thoracic level, followed by cervical and cervico-thoracic levels with 25.7%. Neurological exam, carried out between 6 and 12 months after surgery, showed that 42.9% of patients improved, 34.3% were stable and 22.9% presented neurological worsening. Total resection was obtained in 57.2% of cases and subtotal in 37.1%. In 5.7% of patients a biopsy was the accomplished procedure. Total resection was more often obtained among patients with ependymomas (13 out of 17) than with astrocytomas (5 out of 12). However, degree of resection and tumor histology did not interfere in postoperative morbidity. Factors as sex, age and tumor's size also did not demonstrate significance in predicting prognostic after surgery, whereas tumor in a thoracic level was associated with higher morbidity (p=0.021).     

Surgical treatment of primary intramedullary spinal cord tumors in adult patients

BACKGROUND: Primary spinal cord intramedullary tumors are rare and present with insidious symptoms. Previous treatment protocols emphasized biopsy and radiation/chemotherapy but more aggressive protocols have emerged. OBJECTIVE: To report our experience. METHOD: Forty-eight patients were diagnosed with primary intramedullary tumors. The cervical cord was involved in 27% and thoracic in 42% of patients. Complete microsurgical removal was attempted whenever possible without added neurological morbidity. RESULTS: Complete resection was obtained in 33 (71%) patients. Neurological function remained stable or improved in 32 patients (66.7%). Ependymoma was the most frequent tumor (66.7%). CONCLUSION: Neurological outcome is superior in patients with subtle findings; aggressive microsurgical resection should be pursued with acceptable neurological outcomes.     

Microsurgical treatment and functional outcomes of multi-segment intramedullary spinal cord tumors

We aimed to prospectively analyze correlations between clinical features and histological classification of multi-segment intramedullary spinal cord tumors (MSICTs), and the extent of microsurgical resection and functional outcomes. Fifty-six patients with MSICTs underwent microsurgery for tumor removal using a posterior approach. The tumor was exposed through a dorsal myelotomy. Pre-operative and post-operative nervous function was scored using the Improved Japanese Orthopaedic Association (IJOA) grading system. Correlation analyses were performed between functional outcome (IJOA score) and histological features, age, tumor location, and the longitudinal extent of spinal cord involvement. The most frequently involved levels were the medullo cervical and the cervicothoracic regions (51.8%, 29/56) followed by the conus terminalis (26.8%, 15/56) and the thoracic region (14.3%, 8/56). Ependymoma was the most frequent MSICT type, seen in 22 of 56 patients (39%), followed by low grade astrocytoma (17 patients, 30%) and glioblastoma multiforme (3 patients, 5%). Gross total tumor removal was achieved in 33 cases (58%), subtotal resection in 4 (7%), and partial resection in 16 (28%). The histological classification of the tumor was the most important factor influencing the extent of surgical removal (χ² = 22.17, p = 0.00). The overall difference between pre-operative and post-operative neurological state was not significant (χ² = 5.44, p = 0.61). Thus, MSICTs were most commonly seen in the medullo cervical and cervicothoracic regions, with ependymoma and low grade astrocytoma the most common tumour types. We stress the importance of early microsurgical treatment for MSICTs while the patients do not have severe dysfunction.