动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学研究

目的:评价影像学检查对动脉瘤样骨囊肿的诊断价值.方法:对26例经手术病理证实的动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现进行回顾性分析.26例均摄了平片,CY检查10例、MRI检查6例、DSA检查2例.结果:26例动脉瘤样骨囊肿发生于长管状骨18例,脊柱4例,骨盆3例,跖骨1例.平片和CT多表现为偏心膨胀性骨破坏,CT常可显示骨性分隔及液-液平,MRI检查多表现为多囊长T1、长T2信号特点,CT和MRI检查16例中有6例出现液-液平面.DSA表现实质期可见中等量肿瘤染色.结论:动脉瘤样骨囊肿具有一定的影像学特征,CT特别是MRI对动脉瘤样骨囊肿诊断较平片有优势,综合影像学检查能提高动脉瘤样骨囊肿诊断符合率.     

跟骨和距骨良性囊样病变影像学表现

目的 评价跟骨或距骨良性囊样病变的影像学表现. 资料与方法 回顾性分析27例经穿刺活检或手术病理证实的跟骨或距骨良性囊样病变的影像学表现.全部病例均行X线平片检查,20例行CT检查,10例行MRI检查. 结果 骨囊肿8例,软骨母细胞瘤8例(合并动脉瘤样骨囊肿4例),邻关节囊肿5例,脂肪瘤3例,骨巨细胞瘤2例,骨纤维结构不良1例.平片及CT显示大小不等囊性低密度病灶;MRI信号表现各具特征. 结论 跟骨或距骨良性囊样病变的影像学表现具有一定特征.     

动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现与诊断价值分析

目的 分析动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像学表现及X线、CT、MRI分别在动脉瘤样骨囊肿诊断中的价值,提高对本病的认识.方法 回顾性分析经病理学证实的22例动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现,全部病例均行X线检查,其中5例行CT检查,10例行MR检查.结果 X线检查均表现为囊性、膨胀性骨质破坏伴骨包壳形成,15例内部见粗细不匀骨间隔.CT检查能显示病灶内部的细小骨嵴、骨包壳中断情况及囊性低密度区,其中2例见液-液平面.MR扫描T1WI 4例显示液-液平面,T2WI 7例显示液-液平面,囊间隔与囊壁厚薄不等,增强扫描强化明显.结论 X线平片呈膨胀性溶骨改变,CT和MRI出现囊腔、液-液平面、强化明显的囊壁及囊间隔征象是诊断的重要依据.     

动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学分析

目的 分析动脉瘤样骨囊肿(ABC)的影像学特点,以提高对本病的认识.方法 回顾性分析19例经手术病理证实的ABC的影像学表现.19例均行X线平片检查,18例行螺旋CT检查,6例行MR检查.结果 原发性ABC共11例,继发性ABC 8例.发生于长管状骨的ABC 12例,脊柱3例,短骨及扁骨4例.17例病变呈膨胀性骨质破坏,15例病变边缘可见骨嵴,14例边缘可见硬化,12例合并病理性骨折,18例病变内密度和(或)信号显示不均匀,9例病变内可见分隔,3例可见典型的液-液平面,4例病变周围可见软组织异常改变,其中3例软组织肿胀,1例软组织肿块.结论 不同发病部位动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像表现有所不同,继发性ABC影像表现具有一定的原发病灶的特征.     

动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像和病理学表现

目的:分析动脉瘤样骨囊肿(aneuriysmal bone cyst,ABC)的影像学及病理学特点,以期提高ABC的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析32例经病理证实的动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现,全部病例中行X线检查20例,行CT检查17例,行MRI检查14例,部分患者在X线检查后进行了CT或MRI检查。结果:病灶分布于四肢长骨18例,脊椎8例、骨盆4例、下颌骨1例、跟骨1例;在X线和CT表现为上ABC表现为偏心性和膨胀性骨质破坏,MRI表现为多囊性病灶,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号;病理均表现为含血囊腔及结缔组织性的间隔。结论:动脉瘤样骨囊肿有其特征性影像学表现,普通X线检查是最基本的首选检查方法,CT和MRI在显示动脉瘤样骨囊肿病灶内部结构和鉴别诊断上具有优势,综合影像学检查能提高动脉瘤样骨囊肿诊断符合率。     

原发性及继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学诊断

目的：分析原发性及继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿（ABC）的影像学表现,评价其影像学诊断价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析经手术或活检证实的动脉瘤样骨囊肿176例,其中原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿111例,继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿65例。完整影像学资料共42例,均行X线检查,其中30例行CT检查,15例行MRI检查,9例同时行CT及MRI检查。结果：42例动脉瘤样骨囊肿平片上根据病变部位分偏心型22例、髓内型18例、骨旁型2例,大多数表现为偏心型膨胀性骨破坏;CT扫描可见25例不同程度骨膨胀、骨皮质内缘的分房状压迹和骨嵴影,皮质破坏断缺7例,15例见骨包壳,3例见液-液平面;15例MRI扫描表现为分叶状肿块,9例MRI表现为T1WI低、T2WI高信号囊腔,6例表现为混杂信号,囊间隔均为T1WI、T2WI低信号,6例行MRI增强扫描,均见间隔强化,5例见液-液平面。结论：原发性及继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿具有一定的影像学特征,X线、CT及MRI三者结合能明显提高诊断正确率。     

长骨原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像学表现

目的分析长骨原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿(ABC)影像学表现,提高对其诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的24例长骨ABC的影像学资料,所有患者均行X线平片、CT及MRI检查,18例行MRI增强扫描。结果 X线表现为囊状膨胀性骨质破坏,10例病灶邻近骨质见连续骨膜反应,17例病灶内见粗细不一骨嵴;CT表现为病灶内缘分叶状改变,边缘锐利并不同程度硬化;MRI表现为囊性病灶,T_1WI序列呈等或稍低信号、T_2WI呈混杂稍高或高信号,病灶内及边缘可见分叶状或条索状低信号,20例可见液-液平面,增强扫描病灶边缘及内部分隔明显强化。结论长骨原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像学表现典型,结合不同影像检查,不难诊断。     

髋周良性骨病的影像诊断

目的 评价57例髋周良性骨病的影像学表现.方法 回顾性分析57例经穿刺活检或手术病理证实的髋周良性骨病的影像学表现.全部病例均行X线平片检查,32例同时行CT检查,21例行MRI检查.结果 骨囊肿13例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿16例,骨巨细胞瘤6例,软骨母细胞瘤2例(合并动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例),骨母细胞瘤1例,骨样骨瘤3例,骨化性纤维瘤2例,非骨化性纤维瘤3例,骨纤维异常增殖症6例,嗜酸性肉芽肿3例,骨结核2例.结论 髋周良性骨病以骨囊肿及动脉瘤样骨囊肿为好发病种.     

原发性跟骨骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的影像观察

目的 评价跟骨骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的影像学表现,鉴别病变的良恶性.方法 回顾性分析经穿刺和手术病理证实的22例跟骨病变的影像学表现,其中6例良性肿瘤,4恶性肿瘤,12例肿瘤样病变.22例中21例行X线检查,10例行CT检查,3例行MRI检查.结果 22例跟骨病变中,良性骨肿瘤包括4例成软骨细胞瘤、1例骨样骨瘤、1例骨巨细胞瘤;骨肿瘤样病变包括10例骨囊肿和2例动脉瘤样骨囊肿;恶性骨肿瘤包括2例骨肉瘤、1例软骨肉瘤和1例滑膜肉瘤.结论 X线平片、CT及MRI综合表现可做到对跟骨骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变较为准确的定性分析,特别是良恶性鉴别.     

颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现

目的：探讨颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现，提高对颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的认识。资料与方法：搜集经手术病理证实的4例颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿，全部病例均作了CT平扫与MRI检查，其中1例摄有颅骨平片，1例MR／增强扫描，1例DSA检查。结果：4例颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿中，1例位于左蝶骨嵴和左眶骨处，2例位于左颞骨。1例位于右额骨。CT上均表现为不同程度的膨胀性吹气球样溶骨破坏区，密度不均匀；MRI示有出血、囊变及液面，T1WI和R2WI上呈混杂信号，1例增强后示肿瘤实质和邻近脑膜强化；血管造影示血管有推移改变。结论：颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现有一定的特征性，CT与MRI相结合能提示诊断，并有助于评价周围结构。     

Bone tumors

We present an overview of the imaging modalities in bone tumors. The imaging strategies of preoperative work-up, monitoring the effect of chemotherapy and the detection of recurrences by long-term follow-up are discussed.     

Bone densitometry

Conventional radiographic methods allow physicians to visualize bone structure. However, they do not offer information on the bone mineral density (BMD), which can facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Bone densitometry, by contrast, helps to detect bone mineral loss at an early stage because it provides accurate quantitative measurement of BMD. With an emphasis on quantification, shorter scanning time and precision, scientists have been developing BMD measurement devices that use absorption technique. They first developed single-energy absorptiometry (single-photon absorptiometry) by using I-125, which could measure BMD of peripheral bones. Single-photon absorptiometry was replaced by dual-energy absorptiometry (dual photon absorptiometry [DPA]) that used gadolinium-153. DPA had greater accuracy in measuring the BMD of central skeletal bones. Single-energy x-ray absorptiometry was also developed but it had limitations in measuring central skeletal BMD. In the mid-1980s, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was introduced and widely accepted for the early detection, treatment, and follow-up study of osteoporosis. There are several reasons for the popularity. DXA can measure BMD of posteroanterior spine and hip in a much shorter time than DPA while being capable of measuring BMD of peripheral bones. Other advantages include very low radiation doses to the patients, high image resolution, precision, and stable calibration of the instruments. In recent years, DXA has also been applied to lateral spine for the density of trabecular bone, to the whole body for the measurement of total body bone density and for the body composition, and to the spine for the vertebral fracture assessment. Still, posteroanterior spine and hip scans remain the most common applications of DXA because data on the normal range of BMD of the skeletal sites for different age, sex, and ethnic groups are compiled and made available with the devices, which gives the physician the advantage of an immediate diagnosis.