数字化虚拟中国人女性一号数据图像处理

目的：运用数字化虚拟中国人女性一号数据集，测试图像处理软件对数据集进行三维重建、图像分割及有限元建模效果的可行性。方法：利用等问距抽取、格式转换、图像分割、三维重建、三维显示及有限元建模等方法对虚拟中国人女性一号(VCH—F1)部分数据集进行实验研究。结果：编辑了几种数据版本；实现了图像分割；重构了冠状面图像及矢状面图像；将静态显示制成动画；实现了实时三维显示；建立了基于CT图像的局部有限元模型。结论：虚拟人体女性一号数据集的不同压缩、格式转换能满足形态学三维重建、图像分割、实时三维显示的要求；CT、MRI和切削图像分割重建的骨骼模型可进行有限元建模研究。     

颅颈交界区结构的三维重建

目的:建立颅颈交界区解剖结构的三维可视化模型。方法:选取首例中国数字化可视人体数据集中颞骨内耳门平面至枢椎下缘的连续薄层断面图像。运用3D-DOCTOR软件,在P4微机上分割重建颅颈交界区的解剖结构并立体显示。结果:成功重建并立体显示枕骨、颞骨、寰椎、枢椎、小脑、脑干及颈髓上段、椎动脉、颈内动脉、颈内静脉和部分硬脑膜窦等解剖结构的位置关系,建立了颅颈交界区的三维可视化模型。结论:颅颈交界区的薄层断面图像可为该区疾病的CT、MRI诊断提供参考。建立的三维可视化模型,可为颅颈交界区手术的术前训练和模拟提供形念学依据。     

前列腺及其毗邻结构的三维可视化研究

目的：建立正常人前列腺及其毗邻结构的三维可视化数字模型。为解剖教学、临床诊断和男性盆腔手术提供动态三维形态学资料。方法：采用第三军医大学解剖学教研室的第1例中国数字化可视人体数据集1号（CVH1）盆腔连续断面图像分割出前列腺及其毗邻结构的轮廓数据,运用AMIRA商业软件进行计算机三维重建和可视化显示。结果：重建出了前列腺及其毗邻结构的三维可视化模型,该模型可从任意角度进行观察,清晰地显示前列腺与毗邻结构的空间位置关系。结论：前列腺及其毗邻结构的可视化模型为人体解剖教学和临床泌尿外科应用提供三维数字化工具,为CT、MRI男性盆腔断面影像研究提供了形态学资料。     

国人肺静脉系统的三维可视化

目的 对中国数字化可视人体(CVH)男1号肺静脉系统进行三维重建,研究肺静脉系统的解剖特点,为教学、影像诊断及胸部手术提供精确的肺静脉系统三维模型.方法 对中国数字化可视人体数据集连续断面图像进行连续追踪观察和图像配准,在包含肺的断面上分割肺静脉,对分割结果运用3DMed软件通过阈值分割算法进行三维重建.结果 本研究完整地重建出肺静脉系统,重建图像质量较高,可单独显示肺静脉系统三维模型,也可同时显示肺和肺静脉以及肺内其他管道系统三维模型,以显示肺内各结构的空间位置和毗邻关系,以上结构都可从任意角度进行观察并进行缩放.结论 本研究分析了肺静脉系统的组成及其在肺内的空间分布情况,实现了肺静脉系统的三维可视化.     

医学影像资料三维重建及在解剖学教学中的应用

目的探讨利用三维重建软件构建人体三维模型在解剖学教学中应用。方法采集层厚为1mm的颈、胸部CT影像,利用三维重建软件Mimics对其进行三维重建,并将重建模型应用于本科学生的理论教学中,课后收集学生的学习感受。结果通过三维重建软件Mimics进行图像重建,清楚直观地再现胸廓整体的三维结构,也可单独显示肺、颈椎、胸椎、肋骨、胸骨等结构的三维形态。学生普遍反应学习效率提高。结论利用三维重建可直观显示人体三维结构,应用于解剖学教学可获得良好效果。     

数字儿童颅底及颈部可视化模型建立研究

目的 对儿童颅底及颈部进行数字化三维重建,创建三维可视化模型。 方法 通过冷冻数控铣切及数字摄影技术获取1例中国6岁男童连续高精度超薄断层标本数字解剖图像数据集,选取从颅底至T1上缘之间的横断面,利用PhotoShop.2021逐张进行手动分割,使用三维重建软件Digihuman Reconstruction System将手动分割的结构重建,再导入3-matic Research 13.0软件进行调整和修改。 结果 成功建立首例中国男童的颅底及颈部三维可视化模型,多方位多角度清晰再现所分割结构三维形态及空间位置关系,完成对颅底及颈部椎骨、血管、神经及肌肉的详细观察,对颈部动静脉神经及椎体相关数据测量,分析解剖结构特点及手术注意事项。 结论 利用数字儿童颅底及颈部三维可视化模型,可多方位立体直观地显示详细解剖结构及毗邻关系,结合对颈部血管神经及椎体结构数据测量,为儿科临床诊治、虚拟手术、医学教学提供重要参考依据。     

利用Amira进行肝脏及其管道系统的三维重建

利用图像处理软件Amira3.1对数字化虚拟肝脏进行三维重建.数字化虚拟人体对临床试验、基础研究和手术规划具有重要应用价值,其切片数据可为三维建模提供基础.将数字化虚拟人体腹部切片数据输入图像工作站,经配准、剪切、分割、表面重建及体绘制等步骤,根据解剖结构的特殊性以及肝脏图像的特点,选择不同的算法对肝脏及其管道系统进行三维重建,获得立体形态的肝脏、胆囊及肝脏管道结构.结果表明用Amira对虚拟人的切片数据进行三维重建生成的肝脏及管道图像清晰,可获得表面信息和体信息.     

数字化人体喉的三维重建及其可视化

目的:构建基于PC的喉部三维可视化模型,为喉部解剖教学、虚拟喉科手术及临床喉外科手术治疗方案的选择提供数字化三维解剖学依据。方法:从第三军医大学采集的首例中同数字化可视人体数据集中提取会厌软骨上缘至环状软骨下缘的断层图像,在PC机上经数据分割、对位重建、平滑处理和三维显示等步骤,完成对喉部结构的三维重建和立体显示。结果:完整地重建了喉部各重要结构,可显示喉部各结构的空间位置和毗邻关系,重建结构可以单独或联合显示,可在在维空间位置上绕任意轴旋转任意角度。结论:该数字化可视人体数据集能够较好地重建喉的可视化模型,重建结构逼真,能展示喉的真实面貌,该结果可应用于喉外科手术辅助教学以及手术入路的辅助设计等。     

首例中国数字化可视人体脊柱区颈段的三维重建研究

目的 建立中国数字化可视人体男性脊柱区颈段的三维可视化模型。方法 应用首例中国数字化可视人体数据集，选取从寰椎上缘到第7颈椎下缘的连续横断面图像。在SGI工作站上对颈椎、脊髓、椎动脉、椎间盘、颈神经等结构进行计算机三维重建并立体显示。结果 建立了脊柱区颈段重要结构的三维可视化模型，重建后的结构可多彩色立体显示，既能单独显示，也能任意搭配或总体显示，可在三维空间位置上绕任意轴旋转任意角度观察。结论 脊柱区颈段的可视化数字模型，用三维图形方法显示该区结构的空间构形，将有助于解剖学教学，并可为颈部疾病的影像诊断和外科手术等提供参考。     

人体大脑数字化解剖模型的构建及可视化

目的构建人体大脑数字化解剖模型,为实现大脑的计算机精确模拟提供可操作的基础平台,为人体大脑功能研究提供解剖学框架。方法采用低温冷冻铣切技术采集人体大脑的横断面图像,用课题组自行开发的软件,将分割提取后的脑断面图像进行重建,建立大脑三维模型。用与香港中文大学合作开发的可视化软件,在三维空间上对人体大脑结构进行可视化研究。结果建立了以前后连合间线中点为原点的大脑三维模型,且模型上每一像素都有相应的解剖标识,其任意一点的坐标均能显示;大脑的三维模型可以任意切割显示大脑内部结构：重构后的大脑结构还可进行三维测量。结论大脑数字化模型建立在临床常用的三维空间坐标系中且模型上每一像素都有相应的解剖标识,为模型驱动分割算法的研究提供了模板,同时也为神经解剖教学提供了一种新的、直观的手段。具有明确解剖标识和量化空间信息的数字化人大脑模型,与坐标系统联系起来,还为人大脑各类图像配准提供了公共参考系统。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964