奥沙利铂联合表阿霉素、5-FU／CF治疗晚期胃癌的临床观察

目的：观察奥沙利铂联合表阿霉素、5-FU／CF治疗晚期胃癌的疗效与安全性。方法：经组织病理学或细胞学证实的24例晚期胃癌患者,采用表柔比星50mg／m^2静脉推注,总剂量分两天给予,d2、d3;奥沙利铂130mg／m^2,静脉滴注3h,d1;亚叶酸钙200mg／m^2,静脉滴注2h,qd×5;亚叶酸钙输注后,氟尿嘧啶600mg／m^2,静脉滴注≥8h,qd×5;每3周重复,化疗2周期评价1次疗效。按WHO标准评价近期疗效和不良反应。结果：入组的24例晚期胃癌患者,其中进展期胃癌无法手术6例,术后复发转移18例。经治疗后CR2例（8．4％）,PR8例（33．3％）,SD8例（33．3％）,PD6例（25％）。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制、黏膜炎、肢端麻木及消化道反应。全组患者无化疗相关死亡。结论：改良ECF方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应轻,是安全有效的晚期胃癌治疗方案,可用于一线治疗,但其疗效、TTP、生存期等资料还需扩大样本进一步研究。     

FOLFOX4方案和ECF方案治疗晚期胃癌的比较

目的：比较FOLFOX4方案和ECF方案治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效及不良反应。方法：将50例经病理确诊的晚期胃癌患者随机分为两组。治疗组25例，采用FOLFOX4方案化疗：草酸铂85mg／m^2，静脉滴注2h，d1；亚叶酸钙200mg／m^2，静脉滴注2h，d1、d2；氟尿嘧啶400mg／m^2，静脉推注，d1、d2，氟尿嘧啶600mg／m^2，持续静脉泵输注22h，d1、d2。每2周为1周期。对照组25例，采用ECF方案化疗：表柔比星50mg／m^2，静脉推注，d1；氟尿嘧啶400mg／m^2，静脉滴注，d1～d5；顺铂20mg／m^2，静脉滴注，d1～d3。每3周为1周期。对两组的缓解率、生活质量改善率、不良反应进行分析比较。结果：治疗组与对照组的缓解率分别为56％（14／25）和52％（13／25），无显著性差异（χ^2=0．73，P〉0．05）；生活质量改善率分别为76％（19／25）和48％（12／25），有显著性差异（χ^2=6．23，P〈0．05）；两组主要不良反应白细胞减少、腹泻、口腔炎、神经毒性和脱发等指标的差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：FOLFOX4方案和ECF方案治疗晚期胃癌近期疗效较好，不良反应较轻；在生活质量改善方面，FOLFOX4方案优于ECF方案。     

奥沙利铂联合表柔吡星和5-Fu治疗晚期胃癌疗效和安全性研究

目的REAL2研究中使用奥沙利铂的EOF方案由于较好的疗效和安全性获得了广泛关注,但中国胃癌患者对REAL2研究中的三药联合EOF方案耐受性较差,本研究使用了改良的EOF方案,将氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）由原来的静脉输注21天改为5天,观察奥沙利铂联合5-Fu／LV、表柔吡星治疗晚期胃癌的疗效及不良反应。方法30例晚期胃癌患者,初治19例,复治11例。表柔吡星50mg／m^2静脉注射d1,奥沙利铂130mg／m^2静脉滴注2小时d1,5-Fu375～425mg／（m^2·d）d1～5静脉持续输注120小时,每3周重复,每化疗2个疗程评价1次疗效。结果30例患者中,总缓解率43．33％,完全缓解1例,部分缓解12例。初治病例缓解率52．63％（10／19）,略高于REAL2研究中标准EOF方案的42．4％缓解率,复治病例缓解率27．33％（3／11）。KPS评分提高10分以上者10例（33．33％）。在治疗中,主要的Ⅲ～Ⅳ度不良反应为：中性粒细胞减少33．3％（10／30）,血小板减少10％（3／30）,贫血13．33％（4／30）,恶心呕吐23．33％（7／30）．RE．A12研究中标准EOF方案的Ⅲ～Ⅳ度中性粒细胞减少29．9％,与本研究类似,标准EOF方案中的Ⅲ～Ⅳ度血小板减少4．3％,贫血6．5％,恶心呕吐13．8％,略低于本研究,但在本研究中没有观察到Ⅲ～Ⅳ度发热性中性粒细胞减少及血栓栓塞等严重不良反应,而REAL2研究中,发热性中性粒细胞减少和血栓栓塞均为8．5％。结论奥沙利铂联合5-Fu及表柔吡星的改良EOF方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,毒副作用可以很好耐受,值得临床进一步应用。     

奥沙利铂联合5-FU和吡柔比星治疗晚期胃癌临床疗效分析

目的：观察奥沙利铂联合5-Fu和吡柔比星治疗晚期胃癌的疗效及不良反应。方法：36例晚期胃癌患者,初治20例,复治16例。吡柔比星40mg／m^2静脉注射d1,奥沙利铂130mg／m^2静脉滴注2小时d1,5-FU 375mg／m^2·d1-5静脉滴注,每3周重复,每化疗2个周期评价1次疗效。结果：36例患者中,总缓解率44．37％,完全缓解1例,部分缓解41．6％（15例）。初治病例缓解率45％（9／20）,复治病例缓解率31．25％（5／16）。KPS评分提高10分以上者15例（15／36）。主要的Ⅲ-Ⅳ度不良反应为：中性粒细胞减少27．7％（10／36）,血小板减少13．8％（5／36）,贫血16．6％（6／36）,恶心呕吐22．2％（8／36）。结论：奥沙利铂联合5-FU及吡柔比星治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受,值得临床进一步应用。     

奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨方案治疗晚期胃癌的临床观察

目的 观察奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨方案治疗晚期胃癌的疗效及安全性。方法 对35例晚期胃癌患者采用奥沙利铂100mg／m^2，静脉滴注，第1天；卡培他滨2000mg／m^2／d分早晚2次餐后口服，第1—14天。每3周重复。每周期评价疗效同时记录不良反应。结果 全组35例病例中CR2例（5．71％），PR13例（37．14％），SD10例（28、57％），PD10例（28、57％），总有效率为42、86％。主要不良反应为中性粒细胞减少、手足综合症、腹泻、皮肤色素沉着．无治疗相关死亡。结论 奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨方案治疗晚期胃癌，疗效确切，多数患者耐受良好，值得进一步研究。     

周剂量多西紫杉醇、奥沙利铂联合低剂量氟尿嘧啶方案治疗晚期胃癌的临床观察

目的：研究周剂量多西紫杉醇、奥沙利铂联合低剂量氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）持续滴注治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和毒副作用。方法：晚期胃癌31例，应用多西紫杉醇40mg／m^2，静滴1小时，每周1次，连用2周；奥沙利铂70mg／m^2，静滴2小时，每周1次，连用2周；5-FU200mg／m^2，连用14天。以上化疗方案每4周重复，2周期后评定疗效。结果：31例晚期胃癌总有效率67．7％，其中CR2例，PR19例。主要毒性反应为骨髓抑制、消化道反应、脱发等。结论：多西紫杉醇、奥沙利铂作为新的抗胃癌药物，联合低剂量5-FU持续滴注对晚期胃癌近期效果显著，毒副反应较小，可以作为晚期胃癌的一种选择方案。     

奥沙利铂加长春瑞滨与顺铂加长春瑞滨治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的随机对照研究

目的探索奥沙利铂＋长春瑞滨（NL方案）与顺铂＋长春瑞滨（NP方案）治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效、不良反应及患者的生活质量。方法可评价疗效的NSCLC患者以2：1比例随机分入治疗组与对照组。治疗组70例,化疗方案为长春瑞滨25mg／m^2静脉冲入,第1。8天;奥沙利铂130mg／m^2静脉滴注,第2天;21d为1个周期。对照组32例,化疗方案为顺铂80mg／m^2静脉滴注,分2—3d给予;长春瑞滨用法同治疗组。结果治疗组与对照组的有效率分别为35．7％和43．8％（P=0．4）,中位肿瘤进展时间分别为4．7个月和5．5个月（P=0．6）,1年生存率分别为38．5％和58．6％（P=0．07）。治疗组Ⅰ-Ⅱ度感觉异常发生率为68．4％,显著高于对照组的36．4％（P：0．0017）;而治疗组I一Ⅱ度粒细胞减少率为49．4％,显著低于对照组的70．6％（P：0．037）。两组患者各项生活质量评分差异无统计学意义。结论奥沙利铂＋长春瑞滨治疗晚期NSCLC疗效确切,患者耐受性良好,为晚期NSCLC的治疗提供了一种新的选择。     

紫杉醇周方案联合顺铂腹腔热灌注化疗治疗51例晚期胃癌

背景与目的：目前认为紫杉醇、顺铂（DDP）对晚期胃癌疗效肯定，毒副反应可以耐受。且近年来大量研究证实腹腔热灌注化疗对消化道癌有确切临床疗效。本研究目的为评价紫杉醇周方案给药联合顺铂腹腔热灌注化疗治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效与毒副反应。方法：51例晚期胃癌患者随机分为全身化疗组（25例），用紫杉醇70mg／m^2，iv，每周1次，共8周，DDP25mg／m^2，iv，第1—3天，每3周重复，共用4个周期；联合腹腔热灌注化疗（CHPP）组（26例），紫杉醇给药方法同前，DDP60mg／m^2，CHPP，第1、8、22、29天，该组患者化疗期间均予腹部热疗2次／周。结果：有效率（CR＋PR）、临床受益率（CBR）联合CHPP组分别为65．4％，92．3％，全身化疗组为36．0％，68．0％，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；疾病进展时间及中位生存期联合化疗组分别为6．9个月，12．1个月，全身化疗组为5．6个月，10．8个月，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；主要不良反应为骨髓抑制、恶心／呕吐，两组各项不良反应差异无显著性。结论：紫杉醇周方案给药联合顺铂腹腔热灌注化疗治疗晚期胃癌近期疗效好，不良反应可以耐受，值得进一步研究。     

奥沙利铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶、醛氢叶酸钙每周方案治疗晚期胃癌的初步临床研究

目的 观察奥沙利铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶、醛氢叶酸钙（FOLFOX）每周方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效和不良反应。方法 FOLFOX每周方案治疗26例晚期胃癌病人。L-OHP50mg／m^2＋醛氢叶酸钙500mg／m^2，静脉滴注，2h＋5-氟尿嘧啶2000mg／m^2，持续静脉注射，48h，d1，d8，d15，d22，5wk1个周期，至少2个周期。结果 26例晚期胃癌中，完全缓解（CR）1例（3．9％），部分缓解（PR）13例（50．5％），稳定（SD）5例（19．2％），进展（PD）7例（26．9％），总有效率为53．8％。中位生存期11．5（8．0-14．5）mo，肿瘤中位进展时间6．5（3．5-10．5）mo。最常见的不良反应为骨髓抑制、消化道反应以及神经感觉障碍，多为Ⅰ-Ⅱ度，无Ⅳ度不良反应发生。骨髓抑制以轻中度贫血为特点，对白细胞及血小板抑制较轻。消化道反应主要表现为恶心呕吐和腹泻，Ⅲ度腹泻发生率为19．2％。神经感觉障碍是L-OHP最主要不良反应，发生率高达61．5％。化疗间歇期可缓解。结论 FOLFOX每周方案是治疗晚期胃癌安全有效的化疗方案。     

FOLFOX4方案治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效分析

目的：评价FOLFOX4方案治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效及安全性。方法：32例晚期胃癌患者均有可评价的病灶，行FOLFOX4方案化疗：奥沙利铂（OXA）85mg／m^2静脉滴注2h，第1天；醛氢叶酸（LV）200mg／m^2静脉滴注2h，第1、2天；氟脲嘧啶（5-FU）400mg／m^2静脉推注后，以600mg／m^2持续静脉滴注22h，第1、2天；2周重复1次，每2次为1个周期，所有患者至少接受4个周期的治疗。结果：完全缓解1例，部分缓解14例，总有效率46．9％（15／32），中位至疾病进展时间5．6个月。主要不良反应为轻度的外周神经系统感觉障碍、恶心呕吐及白细胞计数降低，无治疗相关死亡。结论：FOLFOX4方案对晚期胃癌疗效确切，毒副反应轻，可以作为晚期胃癌患者化疗方案选择。     

Excretion of nitrates with saliva and urine and nitrite excretion with saliva in patients with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer

The study assessed excretion of nitrates in urine and saliva and that of nitrites with saliva of patients suffering gastric and duodenal ulcer. In both study groups, a positive correlation was established between nitrate concentration in saliva, on the one hand, and that in urine, and nitrite level in urine, on the other. The groups failed to show a difference in nitrate concentrations in either urine or saliva. Since retention of nitrates in the body of chronic gastritis patients held as precancer of the stomach proved no higher than that in patients with duodenal ulcer, the authors cast doubt on endogenous nitroso compounds as a cause of gastric cancer in cases of chronic gastritis.     

Pathologic states associated with activation of eosinophils and with eosinophilia

Eosinophils are involved in cytotoxicity against helminths and tumor cells and effect both tissue damage and tissue protection in hypersensitivity reactions. Their migratory patterns and oxidative mechanisms are most similar to those of neutrophils, but their tissue longevity and functional variation are more similar to those of monocytes and macrophages. Their enzyme components and behaviors are only now beginning to be defined, and their biologic functions in pathologic states remain a topic of considerable discussion.     

Characteristics and survival of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Our objective was to determine the characteristics and survival of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A cancer registry and AIDS registry linkage for San Diego County was performed in October 1998 as part of a national multicentre study. We performed Kaplan-Meier analysis to compare survival in NHL patients with and without AIDS, after matching for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. We performed logistic regression to determine which patient and tumour characteristics were significantly associated with 1-year survival. Of the 4361 cases of NHL, 324 (7%) had AIDS and 4037 (93%) were not known to have AIDS. Patients with AIDS were more likely to have extranodal, high-grade, and disseminated NHL diagnosed by non-histologic means and were less likely to have received chemotherapy. Patients with AIDS and NHL who survived at least 1 year had less advanced disease stage and received chemotherapy. The median survival in patients with AIDS was 4 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 4-5) and 95 months (95% CI: 58-157) in patients without AIDS (P<0.001). Although these patients with AIDS-related NHL were unlikely to survive, the highly active antiretroviral agents currently used may improve outcomes in future patients.     

Outcomes of patients with stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy and radiation with and without surgery

BACKGROUND:

The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with improved outcome after treatment for stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS:

A retrospective review of stage III NSCLC patients treated at who were treated at the Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center was done with institutional review board approval. Patients were followed for toxicity, local and distant failure, and overall survival. Multivariate Cox logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with treatment outcome.

RESULTS:

Between August 2000 and November 2006, 144 patients received concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) for stage III NSCLC. Eighty of 144 patients were men (56%), and the median age was 61 years (range, 33‐81 years). Sixty‐two patients (43%) had stage IIIA NSCLC, and 82 patients (57%) had stage IIIB NSCLC. Radiotherapy (RT) was given concurrently with chemotherapy to all patients; 100 patients (69%) received CRT without surgery, and 44 patients (31%) received with neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgical resection. The median RT dose was 60 grays (Gy) (range, 46‐70 Gy). The median follow‐up was 15 months (range, 3‐64 months), the median potential follow‐up was 37 months (range, 12‐84 months), and the median overall survival was 22 months (95% confidence interval, 15‐28 months). The 1‐year and 2‐year survival rates were 68% and 47%, respectively. Among the 44 patients who underwent resection, the median survival was 61 months, and the 2‐year survival rate was 73%. On multivariate analysis, stage at the time of treatment (stage IIIA vs stage IIIB) and use of surgery were the only factors associated with improved outcome (P = .01 and P = .001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this retrospective series, those patients who were able to undergo resection appeared to have improved outcome after induction CRT. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

VEGF and EMMPRIN expression correlates with survival of patients with osteosarcoma

Aim

To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN) expression in osteosarcoma, and to evaluate the clinical significance of these two markers in the survival of osteosarcoma.

Methods

VEGF and EMMPRIN expression in paraffin-embedded specimens gathered from 65 patients with primary osteosarcoma were detected by the method of immunohistochemistry using antibodies against VEGF and EMMPRIN. The correlation of VEGF and EMMPRIN expression with the clinicopathologic features and with the survival of osteosarcoma was subsequently assessed.

Results

The expression of VEGF and EMMPRIN was detected in 47/65 (72.31%) and 45/65 (69.23%) of patients with osteosarcoma, respectively. Positive expression of VEGF and EMMPRIN was significantly correlated with surgical stage and percentage of dead cells of osteosarcoma. A significant correlation was found between the expression of VEGF and EMMPRIN in osteosarcoma (r = 0.89, p = 0.01). Additionally, surgical stage, percentage of dead cells, VEGF and EMMPRIN expression showed significant influence on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, surgical stage (IIA versus IIB/III) and percentage of dead cells (≤90% versus >90%) were significant for DFS and OS. Those patients with VEGF+/EMMPRIN+ co-expression showed significantly shorter OS and DFS compared with VEGF−/EMMPRIN− expression.

Conclusion

According to our study, the overexpression of VEGF or EMMPRIN may be an important feature of osteosarcoma. A combined detection of VEGF/EMMPRIN co-expression may benefit us in prediction of a poor survival of osteosarcoma.     

免疫细胞及肿瘤标志物与高危型HPV感染宫颈癌患者HPV水平的相关性及与预后的关系

目的探讨免疫细胞及肿瘤标志物与有高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的宫颈癌患者HPV水平的相关性及与预后的关系。方法选取有HPV感染的72例宫颈癌患者(宫颈癌组)、83例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)患者(CIN组)和50例慢性宫颈炎患者(慢性宫颈炎组)。比较不同宫颈疾病患者外周血免疫细胞(CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、CD56^+、Treg)水平和肿瘤标志物(K-ras、Ki-67)的阳性表达情况,高危型HPV宫颈癌患者HPV水平与免疫细胞及肿瘤标志物的相关性,以及有无淋巴结转移的高危型HPV感染宫颈癌患者的免疫细胞水平及肿瘤标志物阳性表达情况,宫颈癌死亡患者与生存患者的免疫细胞水平及肿瘤标志物阳性表达情况。结果宫颈癌组患者的CD4^+、CD56^+、CD4^+/CD8^+水平均低于CIN组患者和慢性宫颈炎组患者(P﹤0.05),CD8^+、Treg的水平均高于CIN组患者和慢性宫颈炎组患者(P﹤0.05);3组患者的K-ras、Ki-67的阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);宫颈癌组患者的CD8^+、Treg水平及K-ras、Ki-67阳性表达情况与HPV-DNA水平呈正相关(r=0.546、0.402、0.645、0.713,P﹤0.05),而CD4^+、CD56^+水平与HPV-DNA水平呈负相关(r=-0.478、-0.463,P﹤0.05);宫颈癌组有淋巴结转移的患者CD4^+、CD56^+、CD4^+/CD8^+水平均明显低于无淋巴结转移的患者(P﹤0.01),而CD8^+、Treg的水平及K-ras(+++)、Ki-67(+++)的比例均高于无淋巴结转移的患者(P﹤0.05);宫颈癌组死亡患者的CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、CD56^+水平均明显低于生存患者(P﹤0.01),而CD8^+、Treg的水平及K-ras(+++)、Ki-67(+++)的比例均明显高于生存患者(P﹤0.01)。结论与有高危型HPV感染的CIN患者和慢性宫颈炎患者比较,有高危型HPV感染的宫颈癌患者的免疫功能降低,而其肿瘤标志物K-ras、Ki-67表达升高,免疫细胞和肿瘤标志物的检测有助于高危型HPV感染宫颈癌患者的早期预防、诊断及预后评估。     

Assessment of guilt and shame in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer compared with patients with breast and prostate cancer

PURPOSE: Patients with lung cancer might feel more guilt and shame resulting from previous smoking. This study was designed to determine the levels of guilt and shame among patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with breast and prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Surveys were sent to participants 3 times (at enrollment, 2 months, and 6 months). Patients were eligible if they had stage IV NSCLC, breast cancer, or prostate cancer. The survey included tests of generalized guilt, shame, depression, and anxiety as well as guilt, shame, and embarrassment related to one's cancer. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-two participants completed >or= 1 questionnaire: 96 patients with NSCLC, 30 patients with breast cancer, and 46 patients with prostate cancer. Of the patients with NSCLC, 91.7% were current or former smokers versus 67.1% of the comparison patients. A composite score of embarrassment related to one's cancer (perceived cancer-related stigma; PCRS) was higher in patients with NSCLC (P < .01). Mean baseline generalized guilt and shame scores were not different among groups and did not change over time. A history of smoking correlated with increased levels of guilt and shame, regardless of tumor type. A personal identification of past behaviors as contributing to cancer correlated with higher levels of guilt, shame, anxiety, and depression. Of the patients with NSCLC, 29.5% felt that their behaviors contributed to their cancer compared with 10.5% of the comparison patients. CONCLUSION: Patients with NSCLC had higher levels of PCRS than patients with prostate cancer or breast cancer but not higher baseline levels of shame and guilt. Smoking is correlated with higher levels of guilt and shame. A belief that one caused one's own cancer is correlated with higher levels of guilt, shame, anxiety, and depression. These findings could be translated into an increased need for open communication among patients and their providers surrounding issues of cancer causation, guilt, shame, depression, and anxiety.