耳针联合阿扎司琼防治静脉全麻乳腺癌术后恶心呕吐

目的：比较耳针联合阿扎司琼与阿扎司琼或单独耳针治疗对静脉全麻乳腺癌术后恶心呕吐的防治效果。方法：选择择期全麻下行乳腺癌改良根治术患者150例,随机分成3组,A组在手术结束前20 min静脉滴注阿扎司琼10 mg;B组在手术前24 h给予耳针治疗,并在手术结束前20 min静脉滴注阿扎司琼10mg;C组在手术前24h给予耳针治疗。结果：术后24 h内恶心呕吐VAS评分、恶心呕吐发生率、疗效满意率等方面,B组均优于A、C组,差异均有统计学意义,而A、C两组之间差异无统计意义。A、B、C组在PONV的级别上差异均有统计意义。结论：耳针联合阿扎司琼能有效防治静脉全麻后乳腺癌改良根治术后恶心呕吐。     

阿扎司琼预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的临床研究

目的:比较应用阿扎司琼和格拉司琼预防腹腔胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的效果。方法:选取90例ASAⅠ～Ⅲ级择期得腹腔镜胆囊切除手术的病人,随机分为对照组(A组3 0例)、格拉司琼组(B组3 0例)和阿扎司琼组(C组3 0例) ,三组病人在手术结束前分别静脉注射生理盐水5ml,格拉司琼3mg ,阿扎司琼10mg ,观察术后12h、2 4h、48h恶心呕吐的发生率。结果:阿扎司琼组和格拉司琼组恶心呕吐或恶心伴呕吐发生率明显低于对照组(P <0 .0 5 ) ,阿扎司琼组恶心呕吐或恶心伴呕吐发生率低于格拉司琼组(P <0 .0 5 )。结论:阿扎司琼和格拉司琼均能有效预防和治疗全身麻醉术后的恶心、呕吐,前者的疗效优于后者。     

地塞米松复合阿扎司琼对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐影响的随机对照研究

目的观察地塞米松复合阿扎司琼对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后的镇吐效果.方法随机将ASAⅠ～Ⅱ150例择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者分为3组(各50例):地塞米松复合阿扎司琼组(D A组)于术毕时静脉注射地塞米松5 mg和阿扎司琼10 mg;阿扎司琼组(A组)于术毕时静脉注射阿扎司琼10 mg;对照组(C组)则于术毕时静脉注射生理盐水2 ml.观察术后24 h内患者的恶心、呕吐的发生情况.结果 D A组恶心发生率为4%(2/50),明显低于A组(16%,8/50)和C组(34%,17/50)(χ2＝4.00,14.62;P=0.046,0.000).D A组呕吐发生率为2%(1/50),明显低于A组(14%,7/50)和C组(32%,16/50)(χ2＝4.89,15.95;P=0.027,0.000).A组恶心、呕吐发生率亦明显低于C组(χ2＝4.32,4.57;P=0.038,0.033).结论地塞米松复合阿扎司琼控制腹腔镜胆囊切除术后的恶心、呕吐发生率效果优于单纯使用阿扎司琼.     

昂丹司琼防治异位妊娠腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的:观察观察昂丹司琼配伍地塞米松预防异位妊娠患者腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的应用.方法:收集116例异位妊娠患者,随机分为四组,A组(空白组)、B(单用昂丹司琼组)、C组(昂丹司琼+地塞米松组)、D组(昂丹司琼+氟哌利多组),观察并记录各组患者术后6h和24h内恶心呕吐发生情况.结果:B、C、D组术后恶心呕吐发生率低于A组(P＜0.05),其中C、D组最为明显(P＜0.01).结论:昂丹司琼联合用药是预防异位妊娠腹腔镜术后PONV的有效措施.     

昂丹司琼与氟哌利多应用于全麻腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心、呕吐的临床观察

目的观察比较昂丹司琼与氟哌利多在全麻腹腔镜胆囊切除术后预防恶心、呕吐的临床效果。方法选择择期全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者120例,随机分为3组,每组40例。A组镇痛泵中加入昂丹司琼8 mg,手术结束前静脉注射昂丹司琼4 mg;B组镇痛泵中加入氟哌利多5 mg;C组不加昂丹司琼与氟哌利多。记录各组术后恶心、呕吐发生例数及应用止吐药的例数。结果A组恶心4例,呕吐2例;B组恶心16例,呕吐8例;C组恶心24例,呕吐16例,三组间恶心、呕吐的发生率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论昂丹司琼与氟哌利多均能降低术后恶心、呕吐的发生率,但昂丹司琼的预防效果优于氟哌利多。     

不同用药方式对昂丹司琼预防术后镇痛后恶心、呕吐疗效的影响

目的比较不同用药方式对中枢性镇吐药昂丹司琼预防术后镇痛治疗后发生恶心、呕吐的疗效差异。方法择期妇科手术患者120例按昂丹司琼用药方式不同分为四组镇痛泵联合静脉用药组(A组)、镇痛泵用药组(B组)、静脉用药组(C组)和对照组(D组),每组30例。记录手术结束后的不同时间点(0、1、3、6、12和24h)疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)以及不同时间段内(0~1h、1~3h、3~6h、6~12h、12~24h)恶心、呕吐发生例数。结果不同时间点组内和组间VAS差异无显著意义。恶心、呕吐发生率在A组和C组间以及B组和D组间差别无显著意义。而A组和B组间以及C组和D组间差异有显著意义(P<0·05)。结论术后静脉注射昂丹司琼较其他用药方式可明显减少术后镇痛后恶心、呕吐的发生率。     

联合用药对全麻术后自控镇痛患者恶心呕吐的随机对照研究

目的探讨联合用药对术后自控镇痛患者恶心呕吐的疗效。方法 176例手术后应用患者自控镇痛(patient controlled analgesia,PCA)随机分为4组:A组,分别在术中、PCA泵中给予昂丹司琼8mg;B组,在PCA泵中给予地塞米松5mg、氟哌利多2.5mg;C组,在术中给予昂丹司琼8mg、PCA泵中给予地塞米松5mg、氟哌利多2.5mg及昂丹司琼8mg;D组,分别在术中给予昂丹司琼8mg、在PCA泵中给予地塞米松5mg及氟哌利多2.5mg。术后48h回访患者术后恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)的发生情况。结果 4组PONV发生率分别为A组29.5%(13/44)、B组34.1%(15/44)、C组7.0%(3/43),D组11.4%(5/44),联合用药组即C组和D组PONV发生率明显低于单一用药组A组和B组(P0.05);A、B2组PONV发生率差异无显著性(χ2=0.210,P=0.647),C组PONV发生率与D组间差异无显著性(χ2=0.114,P=0.736)。结论联合应用昂丹司琼、地塞米松及氟哌利多3种止吐药可以显著减少术后自控镇痛患者的恶心呕吐的发生率。     

帕洛诺司琼联合地塞米松在预防老年患者术后恶心呕吐的分析

目的观察老年患者应用帕洛诺司琼联合地塞米松预防全身麻醉后妇科手术后恶心呕吐的效果。方法选择老年患者全身麻醉后妇科手术120例,随机分为A、B、C3组,各40例。在手术结束前静脉注射预防恶心呕吐的药物。A组:帕洛诺司琼0.075mg,复合地塞米松5mg。B组:帕洛诺司琼。C组:生理盐水10 m L。观察术后48h恶心呕吐的发生率。结果 A、B两组术后恶心呕吐的发生率比C显著降低,其中A组患者术后恶心呕吐发生率比B显著降低。差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用帕洛诺司琼联合地塞米松用于预防妇科老年患者手术后恶心呕吐,效果确切,安全性高。     

帕洛诺司琼在加速康复外科中的作用

目的探讨帕洛诺司琼在加速康复外科中的作用,为临床患者的围手术期康复提供更优质的服务。 方法采用前瞻性、随机的研究方法,选择2015年9月至2016年2月拟行结直肠腹腔镜手术者120例,随机分为3组,各40例,各组术后行同配方的静脉镇痛。A组手术结束前1 h静推托烷司琼6 mg;B组手术结束前1 h静推帕洛诺司琼0.25 mg;C组手术结束前1 h静推帕洛诺司琼0.25 mg,静脉镇痛泵中静脉泵注帕洛诺司琼0.25 mg/72 h。记录并比较各组患者术后恶心、呕吐（PONV）等并发症发生率以及下床天数、出院时间。 结果B组和A组术后恶心、呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义,C组较之A组、B组在术后24 h后PONV发生率差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.165、5.165,P=0.023、0.023）;C组、B组较之A组术后镇痛24 h内除PONV外其余并发症发生率差异无统计学意义,24 h后除PONV外其余并发症发生率差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.500、6.275,P=0.033、0.012）;C组较之A组、B组术后下床天数（t=3.718、2.975,P<0.001、0.004）、出院时间（t=6.650、5.440,均P<0.001）差异有统计学意义。 结论帕洛诺司琼持续用药效果更稳定,可降低术后恶心、呕吐发生率,加速患者术后康复。     

不同止吐药预防曲马多静脉镇痛后恶心呕吐的疗效观察

目的探讨各种止吐药预防妇科手术后曲马多静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）后恶心呕吐的效果.方法选择ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级、在硬膜外麻醉下行妇科手术病人106例,术毕行曲马多PCIA.随机分成五组：C组（对照组）,不给止吐药;M组,甲氧氯普胺10 mg;O组,恩丹西酮8 mg;N组,欧必亭5 mg;A组,阿扎司琼10 mg,观察术后12、24、36 h病人镇痛效果和恶心呕吐发生情况.结果N组术后12、24和36 h止恶心呕吐作用均明显优于其他四组;各治疗组恶心呕吐发生率在术后12及24 h明显低于对照组（P＜0.01）,N组术后12、24、36 h均显著低于其他组（P＜0.05）.结论欧必亭与恩丹西酮、甲氧氯普胺及阿扎司琼比较,能更有效地防治妇科手术后曲马多PCIA引起的恶心呕吐.     

Haloperidol or droperidol with dexamethasone for antiemetic prophylaxis in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

OBJECTIVES: To compare haloperidol to droperidol, both with dexamethasone, for antiemetic prophylaxis in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective, randomized double-blind trial enrolling 75 ASA 1-2 patients who received anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. After induction, 8 mg of intravenous dexamethasone was administered. After surgery, depending on group assignment, patients received 10 microg x kg(-1) of intravenous haloperidol (n = 25), 10 microg x kg(-1) of droperidol (n = 25), or physiologic saline solution (n = 25). Outcomes recorded were episodes of nausea or vomiting in the postoperative period (first 6 hours and/or 6-24 hours), requirement for antiemetic agents, morphine consumption, pain assessed on a visual analog scale, level of sedation, and adverse effects. RESULTS: Five patients in the haloperidol group, 6 in the droperidol group, and 13 in the control group experienced an episode of nausea or vomiting in the 24-hour postoperative period (P < .05 between the active treatment groups and the control group). One patient in the haloperidol group, 6 in the droperidol group, and 8 in the control group reported nausea in the first 6 hours (P < .05). Three patients in the haloperidol group, 1 in the droperidol group, and 8 in the control group reported nausea in the later postoperative period (6-24 hours) (P < .05, droperidol vs control). Three patients in the haloperidol group, 1 in the droperidol group, and 7 in the control group experienced late vomiting (P < .05, droperidol vs control). CONCLUSIONS: Either haloperidol or droperidol in combination with dexamethasone is more effective than dexamethasone alone for antiemetic prophylaxis after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

不同止吐药预防术后PCA恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的　探讨各种止吐药预防术后芬太尼静脉PCA恶心呕吐的效果。方法　选择硬膜外麻醉下行开腹手术患者 83例 ,术毕接PCA泵行芬太尼静脉PCA(PCIFA)。并随机分成四组 ,C组 :不给止吐药 ;M组 :甲氧氯普胺 10mg ;O组 :恩丹西酮 8mg ;N组 :欧必亭 5mg。 结果　N组术后12小时和 2 4小时止恶心、呕吐作用均明显优于其他三组 ;恶心、呕吐发生率O组仅于术后 12小时稍有降低 ,而N组术后 12和 2 4小时下降均明显。结论　欧必亭与恩丹西酮、甲氧氯普胺比较 ,能更有效地防治PCIFA引起的恶心、呕吐     

Antiemetic Activity of Propofol after Sevoflurane and Desflurane Anesthesia for Outpatient Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background: Controversy exists regarding the effectiveness of propofol to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. This prospective, randomized, single-blinded study was designed to evaluate the antiemetic effectiveness of 0.5 mg/kg propofol when administered intravenously after sevoflurane- compared with desflurane-based anesthesia.

Methods: Two hundred fifty female outpatients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were assigned randomly to one of four treatment groups. All patients were induced with intravenous doses of 2 mg midazolam, 2 [micro sign]g/kg fentanyl, and 2 mg/kg propofol and maintained with either 1-4% sevoflurane (groups 1 and 2) or 2-8% desflurane (groups 3 and 4) in combination with 65% nitrous oxide in oxygen. At skin closure, patients in groups 1 and 3 were administered 5 ml intravenous saline, and patients in groups 2 and 4 were administered 0.5 mg/kg propofol intravenously. Recovery times were recorded from discontinuation of anesthesia to awakening, orientation, and readiness to be released home. Postoperative nausea and vomiting and requests for antiemetic rescue medication were evaluated during the first 24 h after surgery.

Results: Propofol, in an intravenous dose of 0.5 mg/kg, administered at the end of a sevoflurane-nitrous oxide or desflurane-nitrous oxide anesthetic prolonged the times to awakening and orientation by 40-80% and 25-30%, respectively. In group 2 (compared with groups 1, 3, and 4), the incidences of emesis (22% compared with 47%, 53%, and 47%) and requests for antiemetic rescue medication (19% compared with 42%, 50%, and 47%) within the first 6 h after surgery were significantly lower, and the time to home-readiness was significantly shorter in duration (216 +/- 50 min vs. 249 +/- 49 min, 260 +/- 88 min, and 254 +/- 72 min, respectively).     

Study of nausea and vomiting accompanying intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with fentanyl after cervical spine surgery

BACKGROUND: Serious side effects of postoperative analgesia with opioid drugs include nausea and vomiting. METHODS: We investigated the effects of various factors (patient background, anesthesia duration, and intraoperative drug use) on the frequency and degree of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) during the first 24 hours of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with fentanyl. RESULTS: PONV occurred in 34% of the male patients and 68% of the female, and in 31% and 58% of smokers and non-smokers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Consideration should be given to gender and smoking status prior to starting preventive antiemetic therapy using PCA with fentanyl following cervical spine surgery.     

Antipruritic and antiemetic effect of epidural droperidol: comparative study between single and continuous epidural injection

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate whether single epidural droperidol or continuous epidural droperidol inhibit pruritus and postoperative nausea and vomiting induced by postoperative continuous epidural fentanyl administration, and to identify the optimal method of administering epidural droperidol. METHODS: 120 ASA I-II patients undergoing subtotal gastrectomy with general anaesthesia combined with epidural anaesthesia were randomly allocated into three groups: control (no droperidol), single injection (droperidol 2.5 mg) and continuous group (droperidol 2.5 mg 2 day(-1)). Postoperatively the frequency and severity of pruritus and postoperative nausea and vomiting in all groups were compared during 48 h. RESULTS: The frequency and severity of pruritus was significantly lower in both single injection and continuous groups than control group after epidural fentanyl administration (P < 0.05). The frequency and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in single injection group than control group after epidural fentanyl administration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Epidural continuous droperidol is effective for reducing pruritus, and single epidural droperidol injection is effective for reducing pruritus and postoperative nausea and vomiting induced by postoperative continuous epidural fentanyl analgesia.     

Comparison of the effectiveness of metoclopramide, ondansetron, and granisetron on the prevention of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND AND GOALS: A relatively high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) occurs in patients undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Prophylaxis of PONV is usually achieved with a single-dose antiemetic drug administered during the surgical procedure. The aim of the current study was to compare the antiemetic activity of different 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonists with that of metoclopramide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a randomised, double-blind study, 75 patients received the following: Group M, 10 mg metoclopramide; Group K, 40 mcg . kg(-1) granisetron; and Group Z, 15 mcg . kg(-1) ondansetron intravenously (IV) diluted in 20 cc 0.9% NaCl (n = 25 of each) i.v. immediately before the induction of anesthesia. The standard general anesthetic technique, which consisted of sevoflurane in air-oxygen and a fentanyl perfusion, was used. Nausea, vomiting, and safety assessments were performed continuously during the first 24 hours after anesthesia. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences for demographic data, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA), operation duration, or anesthesia time among the three groups (P > 0.05). Evaluated nausea and vomiting scores in the first 3-hour period revealed that each of the drugs had a similar antiemetic effect (P > 0.05). Nausea and vomiting scores, evaluated between the 4-24 hours, also revealed that the group M scores were obviously higher than groups K and Z (P < 0.001). A comparison of incidences of dose administrations were statistically not significant among the groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Granisetron, when given prophylactically, resulted in a significantly lower incidence of PONV than metoclopramide and ondansetron, whereas metoclopramide was ineffective. Garnisetron may be an effective treatment in the proflaxy of PONV.     

The antiemetic effect of dexamethasone during continuous subcutaneous infusion of morphine for postoperative pain relief

BACKGROUND: Dexamethasone is known to reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, associated with perioperative intrathecal, epidural, or intravenous morphine. However, the effect of dexamethasone on subcutaneous morphine is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the antiemetic effect of intravenous dexamethasone during continuous subcutaneous infusion of morphine for postoperative pain relief. METHODS: Twenty patients scheduled for spinal surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. The dexamethasone group (n=10) received dexamethasone 8 mg and the saline group (n=10) received the same amount of saline before the induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol and fentanyl. Postoperative pain was treated with continuous subcutaneous morphine via a patient-controlled analgesia device. Postoperatively patients were assessed during 48 hours for nausea and vomiting. RESULTS: Nausea or vomiting ascribable to the subcutaneous morphine developed in 40% of the patients in each group (P:NS). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the single dose of dexamethasone (8 mg) does not reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting associated with continuous subcutaneous infusion of morphine after spinal surgery.     

Wound infiltration with ropivacaine and fentanyl: effects on postoperative pain and PONV after breast surgery

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether postoperative wound infiltration with local anesthetics combined with fentanyl improves analgesia following breast surgery; and to investigate awakening and postoperative nausea/vomiting. DESIGN: Prospectively randomized clinical study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: 45 ASA physical status I and II patients scheduled for breast surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were prospectively randomized and assigned to one of three treatments during general anesthesia: postsurgical wound infiltration with ropivacaine 0.375%; wound infiltration with ropivacaine 0.375% combined with fentanyl 0.5 microg/kg; and intravenous (i.v.) fentanyl 0.5 microg/kg before skin incision and no wound infiltration. Time to first verbal response, pain at rest, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and ketobemidone and dixyrazine utilization were compared. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Time to first verbal response was significantly shorter in the i.v. fentanyl group compared to both infiltration groups (8.1 +/- 4.5 min vs. 15.3 +/- 4.3, and 12.0 +/- 5.0 min; p < 0.05, respectively). Postoperative pain at rest, and nausea and vomiting occurred with similar frequencies in the groups. Ketobemidone utilization in both infiltration groups, (2.4 +/- 1.8 mg and 3.1 +/- 1.8 mg, respectively) was not different compared to the i.v. fentanyl group (2.9 +/- 2.0 mg; NS). There were no differences in postoperative antiemetic requirements during the first, second and third two-hour periods postoperatively. The dixyrazine consumption was similar in the three groups, (0.9 +/- 1.5 mg, 0.8 +/- 1.3 mg, and 1.4 +/- 1.8 mg, respectively; NS). CONCLUSION: Postsurgical ropivacaine wound infiltration, with or without adding fentanyl, demonstrates no differences in postoperative pain relief and nausea/vomiting compared to a balanced general anesthetic including i.v. fentanyl.     

Effect of drainage on postoperative nausea,vomiting, and pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a high incidence of postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting. Pneumoperitoneum created during the operation and residual gas after the operation are two of the factors in postoperative pain and nausea. We studied the effects of a subdiaphragmatic gas drain, which is intended to decrease the residual gas, on postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy patients were randomized into two demographically and clinically comparable groups: drainage and control. Postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting were measured by verbal grading and visual analog scale 2-72 h postoperatively. Analgesic and antiemetic use and incidence of retching, vomiting and other complaints were also recorded. RESULTS: Subdiaphragmatic drain effectively reduced the incidence and amount of subdiaphragmatic gas bubble. The incidence and severity of nausea was lower in the drainage group at 72 h. Although severity of pain was lower at 8 and 12 h in the drainage group, the difference was not significant. There was also no difference between the groups in regard to analgesic and antiemetic use. CONCLUSIONS: Subdiaphragmatic drain offers only minor, if any, benefit on postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and this effect is probably clinically irrelevant.     

右美托嘧啶复合帕瑞昔布对老年患者瑞芬太尼输注后痛觉过敏的影响

【摘要】〓目的〓研究右美托嘧啶复合帕瑞昔布预处理或后处理对老年患者瑞芬太尼痛觉过敏的影响。 方法〓选择ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的老年患者(60~75岁)60例,随机分为预处理组(A组)、后处理组(B组)和对照组(C组),每组20例,各组术中均以0.15 ?滋g/kg·min的速率静脉输注瑞芬太尼。A组患者于麻醉诱导前30 min静脉注射帕瑞昔布40 mg和右美托嘧啶0.2 μg/kg,B组于瑞芬太尼输注30 min后静脉注射帕瑞昔布40 mg和右美托嘧啶0.2 μg/kg,C组患者输注等容量的生理盐水。评估术后15 min、30 min、1 h、2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h的VAS疼痛评分,记录血压、心率、手术时间、麻醉时间、瑞芬太尼用量、拔管时间、拔管后镇静评分以及镇痛药用量和恶心呕吐、寒颤等不良反应的发生情况。结果〓A组术后6 h内的VAS评分均小于C组(P<0.05),1 h至6 h的VAS评分小于B组(P<0.05);B组术后1h内的VAS评分小于C组,其余各时点与C组比较无明显差别(P>0.05)。A、B、C三组术后24小时内芬太尼的用量分别为246.25±17.09 μg、326.20±19.78 μg、479.50±18.84 μg,两两比较有统计学差异(P<0.01)。与C组比较,A、B组VAS评分首次≥4的时间明显延长,追加镇痛药后VAS评分<4的时间明显缩短,A组术后恶心呕吐的发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。结论〓术前或术中注射小剂量右美托嘧啶和帕瑞昔布能明显改善老年患者瑞芬太尼输注后的痛觉过敏,并减少术后恶心呕吐的发生率,预先给药比瑞芬太尼输注后给药效果更好。