螺旋CT血管造影在脑动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗中的价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT血管造影（SCTA）在指导脑动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗中的应用价值。方法 脑动脉瘤患者48例,行SCTA明确动脉瘤的部位、形态及与载瘤动脉、邻近其他结构的关系,选择最佳显示动脉瘤与载瘤动脉关系的角度,测量动脉瘤的瘤颈、瘤体大小及动脉瘤与载瘤动脉的夹角,以指导血管内电解可脱弹簧圈（GDC）栓塞治疗。1周内行DSA造影,合适病例行GDC栓塞治疗,将SCTA与DSA结果进行对照比较。结果 （1）SCTA检出了DSA确诊的56个脑动脉瘤中的53个（94．6％）,正确诊断51个（91．1％）。（2）43个脑动脉瘤选择血管内GDC栓塞治疗,SCTA选择的血管内治疗的最佳投照角度与DSA相符41个（95．35）,SCTA测量这41个动脉瘤的瘤体与载瘤动脉夹角、瘤体及瘤颈大小并分别与DSA测量值比较,差异均无显著性意义（P值均＞0．05）。SCTA选择最佳投照角度及测量数值应以最大密度投影（MIP）图像为准,结合表面遮盖法（SSD）图像。结论 SCTA不仅对脑动脉瘤的诊断准确率高,而且对动脉瘤治疗方案的制定、术前准确及血管内栓塞治疗有很高的指导价值。     

脑动脉瘤螺旋CT血管造影的评价

目的：探讨螺旋CT血管造影在脑动脉瘤诊断和治疗中的价值。方法：16例脑动脉瘤患者行SCTA和DSA检查，并进行对照研究，其中8例行MRI检查。4例行GDC栓塞治疗，2例巨大动脉瘤行球囊导管栓塞术，1例行外科手术，其余病例行内科保守治疗。结果：所有16例动脉瘤均在SCTA和DSA上清晰显示，瘤颈和瘤体大小2种方法测量统计学差异无显著性意义(P值均＞0.05)，对瘤壁钙化、瘤内情况如血栓、瘤颈情况、动脉瘤在颅内空间定位及动脉瘤与载瘤动脉的关系，SCTA较DSA具有优势，又对瘤体及瘤颈的测量SCTA较DSA方便、准确，SCTA操作简单、微创、无危险性，患者易于接受。结论：SCTA对动脉瘤具有诊断作用，可作为脑动脉瘤诊断的筛查技术，对其治疗有重要的指导作用，可作为动脉瘤术前常规检查。     

螺旋CT血管造影诊断脑动脉瘤的价值

目的 :探讨螺旋CT血管造影 (SCTA)诊断脑动脉瘤的价值。材料和方法 :90例患者行SCTA ,层厚 1 0～ 2 0mm ,螺距 1 0 ,层间距 1 0mm ,均同时行SSD、MIP法重建 ;89例同时行DSA ,1例手术发现为脑动脉瘤 ,SCTA与DSA及手术对照。结果 :90例患者中阴性 2 6例 ,脑动脉瘤 64例 72个。SCTA诊断脑动脉瘤的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为 94 4%、92 3 %、93 9% ;SCTA的SSD、MIP对 >5mm的脑动脉瘤检出率均很高 ,而MIP对≤ 5mm的小动脉瘤的检出率以及对动脉瘤颈的良好显示率明显高于SSD。结论 :SCTA对脑动脉瘤的诊断价值高 ,可补充DSA的诊断信息 ,可用于筛查脑动脉瘤及指导治疗。     

主动脉夹层螺旋CT血管造影及与其他影像诊断的比较

目的　探讨螺旋CT血管造影 (SCTA)对主动脉夹层的诊断价值。方法　对 43例经手术证实的主动脉夹层患者临床资料进行研究 ,对照手术结果评价SCTA对诊断主动脉夹层、并发症以及分型的准确性 ,并与磁共振血管造影 (MRA)、X线血管造影(XRA)包括DSA、彩色超声包括经胸超声 (TTE)和经食管超声 (TEE)等影像诊断结果进行比较。结果　SCTA、MRA、XRA、TTE、TEE对主动脉夹层的诊断率分别为 10 0 %、10 0 %、92 .3 %、87.5 %、10 0 % ;分型准确率SCTA、MRA、XRA、TTE分别为 95 .3 %、93 .6%、92 .3 %、81.3 % ;SCTA分辨率高 ,对主动脉夹层诊断和分型的准确率均在 95 %以上 ,且以扫描快、图像直观、不受金属植入物及病重的限制、微创而较其它影像检查应用更广泛。结论　SCTA对主动脉夹层的诊断、分型、数据测定、术前模拟、术后随访等综合方面较其他影像诊断有明显的优势 ,应用范围更广 ,可作为主动脉夹层诊断的首选     

螺旋CT血管造影在诊断脑动静脉畸形中的应用

目的探讨脑动静脉畸形(AVM)CT血管造影(CTA)的价值.材料与方法19例脑AVM病例行CTA检查,其中MRA、DSA检查各5例、8例.12例手术证实,7例保守治疗.CTA、MRA经工作站处理,获得三维血管图像;DSA通过股动脉插管技术,获得减影后血管图像.结果CTA能显示AVM的病变形态及准确部位,有效显示供养动脉、引流静脉及血管巢.但供养动脉显示不及MRA,引流静脉的显示较MRA为佳.结论CTA诊断脑AVM的图像质量、病变显示接近MRA、DSA,对制定治疗方案、指导手术和预后有重要意义.     

三维动态增强MR血管造影对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的 评价三维动态增强磁共振血管造影(3D DCE-MRA)在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的价值。方法 对54例高度怀疑有颅内动脉瘤的病人行3D DCE-MRA检查，随后行DSA造影及可行的血管内栓塞治疗。3D DCE-MRA用超快速三维梯度回波序列(3D FISP)(钆喷替酸葡甲胺0．2mmol／kg,1次扫描时间10s)，工作站上三维重建，比较3D DCE-MRA及常规DSA在显示动脉瘤、瘤颈及与载瘤动脉关系上的优劣，及对血管内栓塞治疗的价值。结果 39例脑动脉瘤患者共45个动脉瘤，3D DCE-MRA对动脉瘤的敏感度为96％，特异度73％，准确度90％。3D DCE-MRA对动脉瘤细节及瘤颈的显示明显优于常规DSA，尤其是颈内动脉海绵窦部及椎动脉近小脑后下动脉的动脉瘤，可指导DSA显示动脉瘤方向及预先制定治疗方案。但对周边部及动脉分岔处小动脉瘤的诊断应谨慎。结论3D DCE-MRA能无创有效地诊断颅内动脉瘤，所提供的三维信息对治疗方案的制定具有极大帮助。当诊断有怀疑时，应结合DSA检查。     

64层CT颅内血管减影成像的应用研究

目的 评估64层CT减影血管成像(subtraction CT angiography,SCTA)的图像质量和在诊断颅内动脉瘤中的临床价值.资料与方法 两名影像医师对32例行SCTA和数字减影血管造影(DSA)的颅内动脉瘤患者资料进行回顾性分析,对SCTA和CT血管成像(CT angiography,CTA)图像质量进行比较,以DSA为金标准对SCTA和CTA诊断颅内动脉瘤的准确性进行评估.结果 SCTA的后处理时间明显少于CTA(P<0.01),SCTA中图像质量优秀占25%(8/32),图像质量好占44%(14/32),图像质量一般占28%(9/32),图像质量较差占3%(1/32).SCTA在颅内动脉瘤整体诊断准确性和颈内动脉(internal carotid artery,ICA)段诊断准确性与CTA相比仅轻度提高(P>0.05),但在脑前动脉(前交通动脉和大脑前动脉交通后段)、大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)和后循环动脉的诊断准确性完全相同.结论 SCTA是一种减影去除邻近血管骨的有效方法,具有好的图像质量并且明显缩短了后处理时间,但诊断准确性无明显改善.     

螺旋CT血管造影诊断内脏动脉瘤的临床价值

目的　研究合理的螺旋CT血管造影 (SpiralCTamgiography ,SCTA)技术在内脏动脉瘤诊断中的价值。方法　 8例检查前疑为内脏动脉瘤患者 ,行SCTA检查后确诊 ,并经随后外科手术证实。采用综合分析CT轴面像、多层面重建 (MPR)以及运用最大强度投影 (MIP)、表面成像显示 (SSD)和曲面重建 (CRI)来完成三维重建的血管影像 ,完成诊断。结果　 8例行SCTA检查确诊为脾动脉瘤 5例 ,肠系膜上动脉瘤 3例 (其中 1例合并腹主动脉瘤 ) ,能可靠地显示血管形态和病变 ,术前准确评估病变解剖位置以及和腹主动脉的关系。结论　SCTA是有效的无创伤性血管成像术 ,在某种程度上可代替创伤性血管造影术 (或DSA)。     

三维影像在颅内动脉瘤栓塞中的应用

目的 评价3D-CTA,MRA和3D-DSA在动脉瘤致密填塞中的应用价值.方法 64例颅内动脉瘤患者(检出72枚动脉瘤),血管内栓塞治疗60枚.研究并比较CTA,MRA和DSA影像特点.结果 60枚栓塞的动脉瘤中50枚致密填塞,10枚为大于95%填塞,5枚为大于90%填塞.3D-CTA对动脉瘤测量值比2D-DSA大,3D-DSA比2D-DSA大.结论 动脉瘤应用血管内栓塞治疗时,在3D影像指导下可提高动脉瘤的致密填塞率.但是3D影像的测量值要大于2D影像的测量值.     

螺旋CT血管造影诊断颅内动脉瘤的研究

目的：评价螺旋CT脑血管造影的临床应用价值。方法：对24例脑血管病变行螺旋CT血管造影检查，三维重建采用表面遮盖法显示(surface shaded display，SSD)，最大密度投影(maximum intensity projection，MIP)。结果：螺旋CT血管造影能较好显示正常脑血管的形态和病变，在24例进行CTA造影的患者中，颅内动脉瘤17例。有7例SCTA未见异常。在11例进行DSA造影的患者中，有10例与SCTA结果相符，仅1例DSA诊断小脑上动脉动脉瘤，而SCTA显示阴性。结论：SCTA是诊断颅内动脉瘤的一种有效无创性检查方法，具有重要的诊断价值。     

Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography for Follow-Up of Coil Embolization with Enterprise Stent for Intracranial Aneurysm: Usefulness of Source Images

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the interobserver and intermodality agreement in the interpretation of time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA) for the follow-up of coiled intracranial aneurysms with the Enterprise stent.

Materials and Methods

Two experienced neurointerventionists independently reviewed the follow-up MRA studies of 40 consecutive patients with 44 coiled aneurysms. All aneurysms were treated with assistance from the Enterprise stent and the radiologic follow-up intervals were greater than 6 months after the endovascular therapy. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) served as the reference standard. The degree of aneurysm occlusion was determined by an evaluation of the maximal intensity projection (MIP) and source images (SI) of the TOF MRA. The capability of the TOF MRA to depict the residual flow within the coiled aneurysms and the stented parent arteries was compared with that of the DSA.

Results

DSA showed stable occlusions in 25 aneurysms, minor recanalization in 8, and major recanalization in 11. Comparisons between the TOF MRA and conventional angiography showed that the MIP plus SI had almost perfect agreement (κ = 0.892, range 0.767 to 1.000) and had better agreement than with the MIP images only (κ = 0.598, range 0.370 to 0.826). In-stent stenosis of more than 33% was observed in 5 cases. Both MIP and SI of the MRA showed poor depiction of in-stent stenosis compared with the DSA.

Conclusion

TOF MRA seemed to be reliable in screening for aneurysm recurrence after coil embolization with Enterprise stent assistance, especially in the evaluation of the SI, in addition to MIP images in the TOF MRA.     

Follow-up of intracranial aneurysms selectively treated with coils: Prospective evaluation of contrast-enhanced MR angiography

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and usefulness of contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) for the follow-up of intracranial aneurysms treated with detachable coils, by comparing CE-MRA with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and 3D time-of- flight (TOF) MRA. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with 42 treated aneurysms were included in the study; 6 had been treated for multiple aneurysms. All MRAs were performed with a 1.5T unit within 48 hours of DSA. We performed 2 types of acquisition: a 3D TOF sequence and CE-MRA. Twenty-eight patients were included 1 year after endovascular treatment, and 4 patients, after 3 years or more. DSA was the technique of reference for the detection of a residual neck or residual aneurysm. RESULTS: Compared with DSA, the sensitivity of MRA was good. For the detection of residual neck, there was no significant difference between the results of 3D TOF MRA (sensitivity, 75%-87.5%; specificity, 92.9%, according to both readers) and CE-MRA (sensitivity, 75%-82.1%; specificity, 85.7%-92.9%). For the detection of residual aneurysm, sensitivity and specificity of both techniques were the same, respectively 80%-100% and 97.3%-100%. Therefore, CE-MRA was not better than 3D TOF MRA for the detection of residual neck or residual aneurysm. For large treated aneurysms, there was no difference between decisions regarding further therapy after CE and 3D TOF MRA, even though CE-MRA with a short echotime and enhancement gave fewer artifacts and better visualization of recanalization than 3D TOF MRA. The interpretation of transverse source images and the detection of coil mesh packing seemed easier with 3D TOF imaging. CONCLUSION: This prospective study did not show that CE-MRA was significantly better than 3D TOF MRA for depicting aneurysm or neck remnants after selective endovascular treatment using coils. For aneurysms treated with coils, 3D TOF MRA seems a valid and useful technique for the follow-up of coiled aneurysms.     

Three-dimensional time-of-flight (3D TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and contrast-enhanced MRA of intracranial aneurysms treated with platinum coils

Background: Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) is less prone to flow-related signal intensity loss than three-dimensional time-of-flight (3D TOF) MRA and may therefore be more sensitive for detection of residual patency in platinum coil-treated intracranial aneurysms.

Purpose: To compare MRA and CE-MRA in the follow-up of intracranial aneurysms treated with platinum coils.

Material and Methods: CE-MRA and 3D TOF MRA (pre- and postcontrast injection) of the intracranial vasculature was performed at 1.5T in 38 patients (47 aneurysms) referred for DSA in the follow-up of coiled intracranial aneurysms.

Results: DSA showed aneurysm patency in 22/47 investigations. Patent aneurysm components were observed with CE-MRA in 18/22 cases, and with 3D TOF MRA in 21/22 cases. There was no significant difference in patent aneurysm component size between CE-MRA and 3D TOF MRA. In addition, CE-MRA showed six, 3D TOF MRA before contrast injection showed seven, and 3D TOF MRA after contrast injection showed eight cases with patent aneurysm components not observed on DSA.

Conclusion: 3D TOF MRA was highly sensitive for detection of patent aneurysm components, and at least as sensitive as CE-MRA. Residual aneurysm patency seems to be better visualized with MRA than with DSA in some cases.     

全脑血管CT血管成像 数字减影血管造影检查和介入栓塞治疗在颅内动脉瘤中的诊断和治疗价值

目的探讨全脑血管CT血管成像（CTA）、数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查及介入栓塞治疗在颅内动脉瘤中的诊断和治疗价值。方法回顾性分析我院26例颅内动脉瘤病例的CTA与DSA资料,其中14例接受颅内动脉瘤的介入栓塞治疗。结果 CTA和DSA在颅内动脉瘤检出情况无明显差异;就显示动脉瘤大小,形态及其载瘤动脉和周围血管方面DSA检查优于CTA检查。14例动脉瘤介入栓塞治疗患者中无1例死亡,术后行DSA血管造影显示动脉瘤完全栓塞;2例术中出现血管痉挛,使用药物后缓解。结论CTA可以作为筛选颅内动脉瘤的首选检查方法,DSA在观察动脉瘤附近重要的穿支动脉血管方面明显优于CTA;介入栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是安全有效的,可以明显减少动脉瘤再次破裂出血,改善预后。     

CT angiography,MR angiography and rotational digital subtraction angiography for volumetric assessment of intracranial aneurysms. An experimental study

The purpose of our experimental study was to assess the accuracy and precision of CT angiography (CTA), MR angiography (MRA) and rotational digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for measuring the volume of an in vitro aneurysm model. A rigid model of the anterior cerebral circulation harbouring an anterior communicating aneurysm was connected to a pulsatile circuit. It was studied using unenhanced 3D time-of-flight MRA, contrast-enhanced CTA and rotational DSA angiography. The source images were then postprocessed on dedicated workstations to calculate the volume of the aneurysm. CTA was more accurate than MRA (P=0.0019). Rotational DSA was more accurate than CTA, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (P=0.1605), and significantly more accurate than MRA (P<0.00001). CTA was more precise than MRA (P=0.12), although this did not reach statistical significance. Rotational DSA can be part of the diagnosis, treatment planning and support endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. The emerging endovascular treatment techniques which consist of using liquid polymers as implants to exclude aneurysms from arterial circulation would certainly benefit from this precise measurement of the volume of aneurysms.