颅内动脉瘤破裂后形成颅内血肿的急诊手术治疗

目的探讨动脉瘤破裂后形成颅内血肿的急诊手术治疗经验.方法回顾性分析30例颅内动脉瘤破裂出血形成颅内血肿病人的临床资料,均急诊行颅内血肿清除术+动脉瘤夹闭术+去骨瓣减压术.结果动脉瘤均满意夹闭.本组死亡5例,失访2例,23例随访3个月,其GOS评分为:5分10例,4分5例,3分6例,2分2例.结论动脉瘤破裂后形成颅内血肿的病人尽早开颅行血肿清除术+夹闭动脉瘤术+去骨瓣减压术,可以取得较好的治疗效果.     

颅内动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿的诊断与显微手术治疗

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂伴发颅内血肿的诊断和显微手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析13例颅内动脉瘤破裂伴发颅内血肿患者的临床资料。术前5例患者进行了DSA检查,3例患者进行了CT血管造影检查,5例进行了头部CT检查（4例经术中证实为动脉瘤,1例术后经DSA证实为动脉瘤）。其中大脑中动脉动脉瘤5例,前交通动脉动脉瘤4例,后交通动脉动脉瘤3例,骈周动脉动脉瘤1例。结果 13例患者中有12例行开颅动脉瘤夹闭及血肿清除术;1例仅行血肿清除术,术后行血管内栓塞治疗。所有患者术后随访3个月,根据GOS分级,Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级1例,Ⅴ级2例。结论颅内动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿需尽早行DSA或CT血管造影检查明确诊断;治疗方式应首选开颅动脉瘤夹闭＋血肿清除术。     

颅内多发动脉瘤的治疗

目的探讨颅内多发动脉瘤的诊断、手术时机和治疗方法。方法 48例颅内多发动脉瘤患者共有105个动脉瘤,均进行了3D-CTA或/和脑DSA检查,41例患者采用开颅手术或/和血管内栓塞治疗,7例患者放弃治疗。一次性手术一侧开颅29例,一次性手术双侧开颅1例,分次手术4例,一次性血管内栓塞4例,开颅手术+血管内栓塞3例。结果 41例患者共成功夹闭或血管内栓塞治疗91个动脉瘤,其中39例随访3月~5年,无再出血症状发生,1例开颅夹闭加包裹术的患者出院后4年包裹的动脉瘤再次破裂出血死亡,1例夹闭一侧动脉瘤的患者出院后2年对侧动脉瘤破裂出血,再次入院手术治疗后康复。39例患者随访时进行GOS评分,5分30例,4分4例,3分3例,2分1例,1分1例。35例患者经3D-CTA或/和DSA复查,未见动脉瘤新生或再通。7例放弃治疗的患者随访3月~2年,未破裂的动脉瘤患者4例,其中2例发生破裂出血死亡,破裂的动脉瘤患者3例均发生再次破裂出血死亡。结论 CT、3D-CTA的应用能为颅内多发动脉瘤的诊断及术后复查提供有效的帮助,DSA仍是颅内多发动脉瘤诊断的金标准,对颅内多发动脉瘤的患者应尽早采取开颅手术或血管内栓塞治疗,能有效改善预后。     

前循环动脉瘤伴颅内大血肿的急诊手术治疗

目的：探讨前循环动脉瘤破裂出血形成大面积颅内血肿的急诊手术疗效。方法对2008‐07—2013‐07大连市第三人民医院收治的15例前循环动脉瘤破裂出血形成颅内大血肿患者进行急诊手术治疗回顾性分析。结果本组未发生脑疝5例,脑疝10例,术中均证实为动脉瘤破裂出血,其中大脑中动脉瘤4例,前交通动脉瘤3例,后交通动脉瘤3例,其中多发动脉瘤1例。术后GOS分级,Ⅴ、Ⅳ级6例,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅱ级2例,Ⅰ级3例。结论颅内动脉瘤破裂伴颅内大血肿,采取早期手术清除血肿、夹闭动脉瘤治疗效果满意。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂伴脑内血肿的急诊显微手术治疗

目的探讨急诊显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂伴脑内血肿的经验。方法回顾性分析40例急诊行动脉瘤显微夹闭及患者术前仅行了头颅CT检查。结果40例患者共46个动脉瘤均成功夹闭,3月～4.5年随访无再出血症状发生。3个月后随访时进行GOS评分,5分30例,4分5例,3分4例,2分1例。30例患者经DSA或3D-CTA复查,均未见再出血。结论对颅内动脉瘤伴脑内血肿的患者早期采取显微手术,能有效改善预后。3D-CTA的应用能为此类患者的急诊手术和术后复查提供帮助。     

颅内多发动脉瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨颅内多发动脉瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我科诊治的21例颅内多发动脉瘤患者的临床资料。21例中发现动脉瘤43个,其中2个动脉瘤20例,3个动脉瘤1例。手术治疗18例：①一期手术一侧开颅16例,其中一侧翼点锁孔入路夹闭双侧后交通动脉动脉瘤3例;一侧翼点常规开颅13例,其中一次夹闭3个动脉瘤1例,夹闭2个动脉瘤8例,夹闭加包裹2例,夹闭一个动脉瘤2例。②二期双侧开颅手术2例。2例血管内栓塞治疗。1例未破裂动脉瘤患者拒绝手术出院。结果术后20例全部存活,恢复出院。15例随访4个月～6年,恢复正常生活或工作11例,轻偏瘫2例,重残1例,植物生存1例。1例双侧后交通动脉动脉瘤患者,因手术显露困难,未处理对侧病变,术后经过良好,拒绝再次手术,出院后第10个月突然昏迷死亡。结论对于颅内多发动脉瘤应及早手术治疗,即使是双侧或多部位的动脉瘤,在可能的情况下于一期手术中通过一个入路处理所有病变。     

表现为脑室出血的颅内破裂动脉瘤的诊治

目的 总结表现为脑室出血的颅内破裂动脉瘤的诊治经验。方法 回顾性分析15例表现为脑室出血的颅内破裂动脉瘤的临床资料,3例采用夹闭术+脑室外引流术;11例采用栓塞术+脑室外引流术;1例一期开颅脑室血肿清除术+责任动脉瘤夹闭术,二期栓塞治疗;术后随访6个月至6年。结果 术后死亡1例;并发慢性脑积水5例,分流术后症状缓解;栓塞后1年动脉瘤部分复发1例,再次栓塞治疗;改良Rankin量表评分0分2例,1分3例,2分5例,3分3例,5分1例。结论 疑似动脉瘤破裂的脑室出血应尽早行影像学检查明确诊断, 早期手术或栓塞治疗能取得良好疗效。     

前循环动脉瘤性颅内血肿的急诊手术疗效

目的:探讨颅内前循环动脉瘤破裂后形成颅内血肿的急诊手术治疗效果。方法:对前循环动脉瘤破裂后致颅内血肿15例患者均急诊行清除颅内血肿术、责任动脉瘤夹闭术和去骨瓣减压术。术后采用综合治疗,预防并发症,促进患者康复。结果:15例患者均接受急诊手术治疗。术后6例患者出现脑梗死、出现手术相关性血肿2例、急性脑积水1例(行侧脑室外引流治疗)、肺部感染11例、应激性溃疡2例、褥疮1例和慢性脑积水2例。治疗后6个月随访时行RankinScale评分:良好6例,差9例(其中死亡4例)。结论:急诊手术是治疗前循环动脉瘤性颅内血肿患者的有效方法。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂的早期诊断及治疗

目的 探讨早期显微手术夹闭对颅内动脉瘤破裂预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析36例颅内动脉瘤破裂出血病人的临床资料,所有病人于发病早期((72 h)行手术夹闭,术后3个月行改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分.结果 术后复查DSA 35例,动脉瘤颈完全夹闭34例,瘤颈部分残留1例,行二次手术完全夹闭.术后应用mRS评分:0～1分27例,2分2例,3分3例,4分2例,5分和6分各1例.结论 早期手术夹闭破裂动脉瘤仍是治疗动脉瘤最基本的方法,且娴熟的显微外科技术是手术成功的重要保证.     

前循环破裂动脉瘤伴颅内血肿的诊断与显微手术治疗(附21例分析)

目的探讨前循环动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿的诊断方法和显微手术治疗要点。方法回顾性分析21例前循环动脉瘤破裂合并颅内血肿病人的临床资料,其中前交通动脉瘤6例,后交通动脉瘤4例,眼动脉瘤1例,大脑中动脉瘤10例。均经3D-CTA检查确诊并急诊行显微外科手术治疗。结果夹闭术后随访3～18个月,死亡1例,重残1例,中残2例,其余17例病人恢复良好。结论对前循环破裂动脉瘤并颅内血肿病人应及早确诊并积极采取显微手术治疗。     

Association among intracranial compliance,intracranial pulse pressure amplitude and intracranial pressure in patients with intracranial bleeds

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association among intracranial compliance (ICC), intracranial pulse pressure amplitude and intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with intracranial bleeds.

Methods: Five patients with intracranial bleeds had their ICC and ICP monitored during days 1–8 after ictus. The recordings were stored as raw data files and analysed retrospectively. The parameters mean ICC, mean ICP wave amplitude and mean ICP were determined and average values were calculated in 1 hour time periods.

Results: A total of 2621 hour recordings were analysed. There was a significant correlation between mean ICC and mean ICP wave amplitude and between mean ICC and mean ICP. The mean ICP wave amplitude was significantly higher during the 1 hour periods with mean ICC<0.5 ml/mmHg and significantly lower during 1 hour periods with mean ICC 1.5–3.0 ml/mmHg. Correspondingly, in the 1591 hour recordings with mean ICP wave amplitude≥5.0 mmHg, mean ICC was significantly lower than in the 103 recordings with mean ICP wave amplitude<5.0 mmHg. Mean ICP was normal (i.e. <20 mmHg) in 260 of 262 (99.2%) of the 1 hour recordings; in the 491 hour recordings with mean ICP>15 mmHg, mean ICC was significantly lower than in the 213 recordings with mean ICP<15.0 mmHg.

Conclusion: In this cohort of pressure recordings, there was a strong association between ICC and intracranial pulse pressure amplitude. There also was a strong association between ICC and mean ICP, but mean ICP was normal in 260 of 2621 hour recordings (99.2%).     

Association among intracranial compliance, intracranial pulse pressure amplitude and intracranial pressure in patients with intracranial bleeds

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association among intracranial compliance (ICC), intracranial pulse pressure amplitude and intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with intracranial bleeds. METHODS: Five patients with intracranial bleeds had their ICC and ICP monitored during days 1-8 after ictus. The recordings were stored as raw data files and analysed retrospectively. The parameters mean ICC, mean ICP wave amplitude and mean ICP were determined and average values were calculated in 1 hour time periods. RESULTS: A total of 262 1 hour recordings were analysed. There was a significant correlation between mean ICC and mean ICP wave amplitude and between mean ICC and mean ICP. The mean ICP wave amplitude was significantly higher during the 1 hour periods with mean ICC<0.5 ml/mmHg and significantly lower during 1 hour periods with mean ICC 1.5-3.0 ml/mmHg. Correspondingly, in the 159 1 hour recordings with mean ICP wave amplitude> or =5.0 mmHg, mean ICC was significantly lower than in the 103 recordings with mean ICP wave amplitude<5.0 mmHg. Mean ICP was normal (i.e. <20 mmHg) in 260 of 262 (99.2%) of the 1 hour recordings; in the 49 1 hour recordings with mean ICP>15 mmHg, mean ICC was significantly lower than in the 213 recordings with mean ICP<15.0 mmHg. CONCLUSION: In this cohort of pressure recordings, there was a strong association between ICC and intracranial pulse pressure amplitude. There also was a strong association between ICC and mean ICP, but mean ICP was normal in 260 of 262 1 hour recordings (99.2%).     

Rebound intracranial hypertension after treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is characterized by orthostatic headache and the cause is usually cerebrospinal fluid leaks in spine level. Most patients with SIH have a benign course. Epidural blood patch (EBP) is the treatment of choice when initial conservative managements are ineffective. We reported a patient with SIH diagnosed by using magnetic resonance imaging and radionuclide cisternography. Acute rebound intracranial hypertension developed after EBP and was successfully treated with intravenous osmotic agent.     

Static and pulsatile intracranial pressure in idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Objective

The aim of this observational study was to characterize the static and pulsatile intracranial pressure (ICP) in conservatively (medically) treated idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) patients in need of shunt surgery, and also in patients with chronic daily headache (CDH) without visual disturbances.

Methods

The material includes 14 IIH patients and 7 CDH patients in whom ICP was monitored continuously over-night. Static ICP was characterized by mean ICP, pulsatile ICP was characterized by the wave amplitude, rise time, and rise time coefficient.

Results

In the IIH group all 14 had headache and visual disturbances. Mean ICP was high (>15 mmHg) in only 7 patients (50%), while mean ICP wave amplitude was high (≥4 mmHg) in all 14 (100%). All IIH patients were shunted and improved clinically thereafter (i.e., relief from visual disturbances and/or headache). None in the CDH group had high mean ICP or mean ICP wave amplitude, and none were shunted.

Conclusions

In this cohort of 14 conservatively treated IIH patients with lasting and shunt-responsive headache and visual disturbances, the mean ICP wave amplitude was elevated (≥4 mmHg) in all patients despite normal mean ICP (<15 mmHg) in 7 patients (all but one on medication). Therefore, the pulsatile ICP may be more relevant than the static ICP in the diagnostic setting for patients with IIH. Further prospective standardized approaches are warranted.     

Wilms' tumor with intracranial metastases presenting with intracranial hemorrhage

Intracranial metastasis of Wilms' tumor is very rare. Furthermore, intracerebral hemorrhage is an unusual presentation of metastases. We report the case of a 4-year-old girl who had multiple intracranial metastatic lesions, initially presenting as an intracranial hemorrhage. Removal of the tumors and hematoma was followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Thereafter, complete remission occurred. It is thought that this malignant tumor with metastases may be curable through combined therapy.     

颅内高压状态下TCD频谱参数与颅内压关系的实验研究

目的 探讨颅高压状态下经颅多普勒超声(TCD)频谱参数与颅内斥(ICP)的关系。方法 制备新西兰兔球囊注水法颅高压模型，监测大脑中动脉的TCD频谱，测量参数?结果 TCD频谱参数cf、PI、RI、Vd、Vm与ICP均呈指数关系，其中cf与ICP的相关系数最大。结论 TCD频谱参数与颅内压的升高密切相关。     

颅内动脉瘤术后并发颅内感染的临床因素分析

目的分析颅内动脉瘤术后并发颅内感染的临床危险因素,探究脑脊液（CSF）指标与血清学指标在颅内感染的临床应用价值。 方法回顾性研究河北省黄骅市人民医院神经外科自2014年8月至2016年3月收治的213例颅内动脉瘤手术患者,按照感染与否分为颅内感染组28例、非颅内感染组185例。对比2组患者的临床基线资料,多因素Logistic回归分析法分析颅内感染的危险因素;对比2组患者的CSF指标、血清学指标并分析其与颅内感染的相关性。 结果多因素Logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病、术中动脉瘤破裂、术中CSF漏、术中出血量和手术时间>4 h为颅内感染的独立危险因素。颅内感染组的CSF水平、血清学指标水平均高于非颅内感染组,且患者的CSF指标、血清学指标与颅内感染呈现正相关。 结论患者的糖尿病、术中动脉瘤破裂、术中CSF漏、术中出血量100 mL以上、手术时间>4 h均为术后颅内感染的危险因素,对患者的CSF指标与血清学指标的检测可协助颅内动脉瘤术后并发颅内感染的诊断。