缺血预适应对缺血脊髓保护作用的实验研究

我们通过阻断腹主动脉建立脊髓缺血模型,观察缺血预适应(IPC)对缺血损伤后脊髓组织中内皮素 1(ET 1)、前列环素(PGI2 )、血栓素A2 (TXA2 )等变化的影响,探讨缺血预处理对脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及相关机制。一、材料与方法1.实验动物和模型的建立:健康新西兰大白兔48只,体重2 .5～3 .5kg ,雌雄不拘,随机等分为IPC组和缺血组。左肾动脉下方夹闭腹主动脉,造成脊髓缺血模型[1] 。IPC组夹闭腹主动脉5min ,开放15min ,再次夹闭40min后开放再灌注;缺血组分离出腹主动脉2 0min后,直接夹闭腹主动脉40min后开放再灌注。2 .观察及检测指…     

缺血预适应对体外循环心肌保护作用的临床研究

目的：比较单用冷停博液与缺血预适应（IPC）加冷停搏液联合应用在先天性心脏病心内直视手术中的心肌保护效果。方法：先天性心脏病病人20例，随机分为缺血预适应组（IPC组,n=10)和对照组（n=10),IPC组在阻断升主动脉前实施3分钟缺血－5分钟再灌注的缺血预适应，然后阻断升主动脉，灌注冷（4℃）St Thomas‘停搏液，心脏完全停跳后开始心内手术；对照组则不进行缺血预适应方案。两组均于并行循环前，开放升主动脉心脏复跳后30，60分钟时经Swan-Ganz漂浮导管测定各项血液动力学指标，并观察心肌功能恢复情况；于并行循环前，开放升主动脉时取心肌行超微结构检查及ATP，MDA测定，IPC组还监测缺血预适应期间的心电图及动脉血气变化。结果：（1）CPB后IPC组血液动力学指标恢复快（P＜0．05），心肌收缩有力，血压维持良好，需辅用多巴胺等正性肌力药维持血压的病例明显少于对照组（P＜0．05）；（2）升主动脉开放时IPC组心肌超微结构；ATP等的保护明显优于对照组（P＜0．05），MDA的生成明显低于对照组（P＜0．05）；（3）IPC组阻断升主动脉期间ST段降低（阻断30秒时发生），开放升主动脉后ST段在15秒内完全恢复，此期间均未发现明显心律失常；IPC前后血气结果无明显变化。结论：缺血预适应加冷停博液联合应用具有良好的心肌保护作用。     

缺血预处理对缺血脊髓微循环影响的实验研究

目的 探讨缺血预处理（IPC）对缺血损伤脊髓的保护作用及其相关机制.方法 48只健康新西兰大白兔随机分为缺血预处理组（IPC组）和缺血组,应用腹主动脉夹闭法建立脊髓缺血模型.观察两组脊髓组织缺血前、缺血40min及再灌注后2、8、24、72 h内皮素-1（ET-1）、血栓素A2（TXA2）与前列环素（PGI2）含量,并观察脊髓组织病理形态学改变及双后肢神经功能评分.结果 IPC组各时间点ET-1含量、TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α比值均显著低于缺血组（P＜0.05）.两个时间点上IPC组后肢神经功能评分明显高于缺血组（P＜0.001、0.01）,病理学累积评分明显低于缺血组（P＜0.001）.结论 IPC对主动脉阻断所致脊髓缺血再灌注损伤有良好的保护作用,抗“无再灌流”作用可能是其保护作用的重要机制之一.     

缺血再灌注预处理对血浆MDA、SOD及脊髓AQP4 mRNA的表达影响

目的 探讨腹主动脉缺血预处理对再灌注不同时问血浆丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及脊髓组织中水通道蛋白4(AQP4) mRNA表达的影响.方法 将54只体质量189 ～ 207 g雌雄不拘的SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和缺血预处理组(IPC组)3组.采用肾下腹主动脉阻断法,建立脊髓缺血再灌注模型;Sham组6只,手术开始步骤同其他两组,但不作肾下腹主动脉阻断即缝合伤口;I/R组24只,直视下采用动脉夹夹闭腹主动脉段左肾动脉分支起始处下方5 mm处(即肾动脉后型),仅阻断腹主动脉60 min后开放灌注;而IPC组24只,先阻断腹主动脉5min,开放5 min,再阻断60 min后开放灌注.再灌注后12h、1、2、5、10天分别进行神经功能评分,同时观察大鼠血浆MDA、SOD指标的水平,以及预处理对脊髓AQP4 mRNA表达的影响.结果 54只大鼠术后全部存活,I/R组行为学评分降低(P＜0.01),IPC组的神经功能评分在再灌注5天内均高于I/R组(P＜0.01),随着再灌注时间的延长行为学评分逐渐增加.I/R组血浆SOD水平仅在再灌注1天时较Sham组显著下降,随时间延长SOD水平逐渐升高与Sham组无差异,血浆各时间点MDA水平比Sham组低(P ＜0.05);IPC组SOD、MDA水平与Sham组比较没有差异.I/R组再灌注2天时AQP4mRNA表达显著增高(P＜0.01),之后降低至与Sham组无差异;IPC组在再灌注1天时即出现AQP4 mRNA表达明显升高(P＜0.05),之后表达逐渐降低,第5天时与Sham组无差异.IPC AQP4mRNA峰值明显低于I/R组(P＜0.01).结论 大鼠腹主动脉缺血再灌注的预处理IPC可能通过减轻由缺血再灌注造成的全身氧化应激反应和下调AQP4mRNA的表达,进而保护脊髓组织.     

兔脊髓分级缺血-再灌注损伤对体感诱发电位的影响

目的 了解不同程度脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤与体感诱发电位（SEP）、神经功能评分及脊髓病理改变的关系。方法 将40只新西兰大耳白兔随机均分为4组，假手术组、缺血30min组、缺血45min组和缺血60min组。采用腹主动脉阻断法建立兔脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤模型，分别于缺血前、缺血5、10min、再灌注15、30min、1、2、24和48h监测SEP。于再灌注6、12、24和48h进行神经功能评分，再灌注48h进行脊髓病理学观察。结果 阻断腹主动脉血流30、45和60min后开放分别表现为轻、中、重度缺血-再灌注损伤脊髓的病理学改变特点。脊髓轻度缺血-再灌注损伤中SEP波幅和潜伏期分别于再灌注15和30min时恢复至缺血前水平（P〉0．05）；脊髓中度缺血-再灌注损伤中SEP波幅和潜伏期分别于再灌注30min和再灌注1h恢复至缺血前水平（P〉0．05）；脊髓重度缺血-再灌注损伤中SEP波幅和潜伏期分别明显下降和延长，与其他各组组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。各组神经功能评分组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0. 01）。结论 脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤中SEP波幅较潜伏期恢复迅速。术中SEP监测能够敏感而准确地反映缺血-再灌注损伤中脊髓功能的变化，可为临床应用提供实验依据。     

腹主动脉局部灌注丙泊酚减轻脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤的研究

目的 建立兔脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤模型,研究经腹主动脉局部灌注丙泊酚对脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤的作用。方法 新西兰大耳白兔30只,随机均分为A、B、C三组,诱导后气管插管,持续监测平均动脉压、心率、脉搏血氧饱和度及肛温。左股动脉切开置管至腹主动脉分出左肾动脉远端1．0cm处,于左肾动脉开口远端0．5cm处阻断腹主动脉,同时阻断双侧髂总动脉,自阻断即刻开始经置入导管分别向阻断的腹主动脉远端灌注5ml／kg丙泊酚溶液（A组）、10％脂肪乳（B组）和生理盐水（C组）,30min后开放。于动物完全清醒即刻、再灌注后6、24和48h对双后肢神经功能进行评分,光镜观察脊髓前角正常运动神经元并计数。结果 清醒即刻、再灌注后6、24和48hA组神经行为学评分明显高于B和C组（P〈0．05）,B、C两组比较差异无统计学意义。三组脊髓前角正常运动神经元中位数分别为11、1和0,A组明显高于B、C两组（P〈0．05）。结论 腹主动脉阻断期间经阻断的腹主动脉局部灌注丙泊酚可减轻脊髓缺血一再灌注损伤。     

缺血预处理对脊髓缺血损伤细胞内Ca2+变化的影响

目的　观察缺血预处理对脊髓缺血损伤细胞内 Ca2 变化的影响。　方法　将 44只健康新西兰大白兔随机分为三组 :缺血组 2 0只 ,缺血预处理组 2 0只 ,假手术组 4只。缺血组于左肾动脉下夹闭腹主动脉 40分钟后开放灌注 ;缺血预处理组夹闭腹主动脉 5分钟 ,开放 15分钟 ,再次夹闭 40分钟后开放再灌注 ;假手术组动物手术操作同缺血组 ,但不夹闭腹主动脉。分别于夹闭 40分钟后即刻、开放再灌注 2小时、8小时、2 4小时和 72小时各时相点测定脊髓组织 Ca2 含量 ,并评定、记录动物后肢神经功能。　结果　缺血预处理组脊髓组织 Ca2 显著低于缺血组各时相值 ;再灌注 8小时后神经功能评分缺血预处理组明显高于缺血组 (P<0 .0 1)。　结论　缺血预处理具有降低神经元胞浆游离 Ca2 浓度 ,防止Ca2 超载 ,稳定细胞内环境的能力 ,对主动脉阻断所致的脊髓缺血损伤有良好的保护作用。其表现为明显降低瘫痪发生率 ,增加术后神经评分     

缺血预适应对体外循环心肌保护作用的实验研究

目的：比较单独应用冷停博液与缺血预适应及冷停博液联合应用对冠心病直视手术中的心肌保护作用。方法：１３只成年杂种犬随机分为对照组（６只）和实验组（７只），均在全麻下建立体外循环，实验组在阻断循环前实施５分钟－１０分钟方案的缺血预适 ，对照组只进行转机和冷停博液灌注，不进行缺血预适应方案。两组阻断循环后阻断冠状动脉前降支，建立冠脉梗阻模型，在开放主动脉交楹开前降支阻断带，模拟ＣＡＢＧ过程。结果：缺血预     

脊髓急性缺血后功能障碍的保护

目的采用脊髓间断缺血和缺血预处理 2种干预方法 ,评估 2种缺血预处理方式对脊髓的保护作用并对脊髓缺血时的生理、生化改变进行研究。方法在兔的腹主动脉肾下段阻断主动脉 ,建立脊髓缺血模型。 2 5只兔子随机分为 3组 ,持续缺血组 (10只 )阻断 40min ;间断缺血组 (9只 )将 40min阻断时间分为 2次 ,每次 2 0min ,中间间隔 15min ;缺血预处理组 (6只 )先给予阻断 3次 ,每次5min ,间隔 5min ,之后连续夹闭 40min。手术后分别于 1、6、12、2 4h按照Tarlov分级标准观察下肢肌力 ,并于术后 2 4h抽取脑脊液、解剖取得腰段脊髓。测定脑脊液中谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸含量 ,用TBA比色法测定脊髓组织丙二醛 (MDA)含量 ,尼氏染色观察腰段脊髓神经元细胞受损情况。结果 2个干预组的术后肌力恢复均好于持续缺血组 2 4h后间断缺血组 (3 4± 1 0 )级 ,缺血预处理组 (3 5± 0 8)级 ,持续缺血组 (1 3± 1 4)级 ,P值均 <0 0 5 ;病理 :神经元损害分别为 (18± 10 ) % ,(2 1± 10 ) % ,(4 6±16 ) % ,P值均 <0 0 5 ;脊髓组织MDA预处理组 (176± 2 2 )nmol/g低于持续缺血组 (2 5 2± 47)nmol/g,P <0 0 1。结论间断缺血和缺血预处理均可减轻脊髓缺血后的功能受损情况 ,缺血预处理可减少缺血再灌注后氧自由基的损害     

缺血预处理对犬脊髓损伤及热休克蛋白70表达影响的研究

目的评价缺血预处理对犬脊髓损伤及热休克蛋白70表达的影响。方法41条杂种犬随机分成假手术组6只、预处理组21只、对照组14只。预处理组主动脉阻断6min后开放6min,反复2次,之后阻断35min;对照组主动脉阻断35min。术后进行神经功能评分,检测脊髓组织中热休克蛋白70表达。结果在再灌注后6h、24h预处理组热休克蛋白70于胞质和胞核均有表达,且强于对照组;而且神经功能评分预处理组高于对照组。在再灌注后7d预处理组神经功能评分无明显改变,且仍见热休克蛋白70表达。结论缺血预处理可以增加脊髓的缺血耐受;热休克蛋白70在胞质和胞核中表达可能在缺血耐受中起到一定的作用。     

Reduction of ischemic spinal cord injury by dextrorphan: comparison of several methods of administration.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of dextrorphan, an N -methyl-D -aspartate receptor antagonist, on the reduction of ischemic spinal cord injury and the safe clamping time after various methods of administration. METHODS: Spinal cord ischemia was induced in New Zealand White rabbits by infrarenal aortic clamping and animals were divided into 5 groups. Group A (n = 15) received simple clamping. Groups B (n = 20) and C (n = 35) received dextrorphan pretreatment (10 mg/kg), followed by continuous intravenous or intra-aortic infusion (1 mg/min), respectively. Group D (n = 25) received the same dextrorphan pretreatment and bolus intra-aortic injection at clamping (1 mg per minute of clamping time). Group E (n = 15) received bolus intrathecal injection of dextrorphan (0.2 mg/kg). Each dextrorphan-treated group had a small group of control animals (n = 5). The neurologic status was assessed by the Johnson score (5 = normal, 0 = paraplegic) 48 hours after unclamping, and animals were put to death for histopathologic examination. RESULTS: All dextrorphan-treated groups showed better neurologic function than the respective control animals (P <.001 vs groups B, C, and D; P =.014 vs group E). The order of efficacy of dextrorphan (as revealed by the average of neurologic status) was as follows: group C > group D (P =.017, after 50 minutes of clamping), group D > group B (P =.014, after 45 minutes of clamping), and group B > group E (P <.001, after 40 minutes of clamping). Histopathologic findings did not necessarily correspond with hind-limb neurologic function. CONCLUSIONS: Dextrorphan reduced the physical findings associated with ischemic spinal cord injury, and continuous intra-aortic infusion prolonged the safe clamping time significantly more than delivery by other routes.     

Ischemic preconditioning reduces neurologic injury in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is an endogenous cellular protective mechanism whereby brief, noninjurious periods of ischemia render a tissue more resistant to a subsequent, more prolonged ischemic insult. We hypothesized that IPC of the spinal cord would reduce neurologic injury after experimental aortic occlusion in rats and that this improved neurologic benefit could be induced acutely after a short reperfusion interval separating the IPC and the ischemic insult. METHODS: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The IPC group (n = 20) had 3 minutes of aortic occlusion to induce spinal cord ischemia 30 minutes of reperfusion, and 12 minutes of ischemia, whereas the controls (n = 20) had only 12 minutes of ischemia. Neurologic function was evaluated 24 and 48 hours later. Some animals from these groups were perfusion-fixed for hematoxylin and eosin staining of the spinal cord for histologic evaluation. RESULTS: Survival was significantly better at 48 hours in the IPC group. Sensory and motor neurologic function were significantly different between groups at 24 and 48 hours. Histologic evaluation at 48 hours showed severe neurologic damage in rats with poor neurologic test scores. CONCLUSIONS: Ischemic preconditioning reduces neurologic injury and improves survival in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia. The protective benefit of IPC is acutely invoked after a 30-minute reperfusion interval between the preconditioning and the ischemic event.     

Bile duct exclusion from selective vascular inflow occlusion in rat liver: role of ischemic preconditioning and N-acetylcysteine on hepatic reperfusion injury

AIM: To study the effects of N-acetylcysteine and ischemic preconditioning on the portal triad clamping compared to arterial and portal clamping alone. METHODS: Eighty EPM 1-Wistar rats were randomized into two groups, depending on inclusion (Group 1) or not (Group 2) of the bile duct in the hepatic vascular pedicle occlusion. Each group was divided into four subgroups as follows. IR 1: 20 minutes after celiotomy, the pedicle containing vascular elements and bile duct to the left lateral and median liver lobes was occluded for 40 minutes, followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. IPC 1: after 10 minutes of ischemia and 10 minutes of reperfusion, the ischemic preconditioning period, the rats were submitted to the same procedure described for IR 1 Group. NAC 1: the rats received N-acetylcysteine (150 mg/kg) 15 minutes before 40 minutes of ischemia and 5 minutes before 30 minutes of reperfusion. SHAM 1: The hepatic pedicle for the lateral and median liver lobes was dissected after 20 minutes, the bile duct alone was clamped for 40 minutes, and released for an additional 30 minutes. In the IR 2, IPC 2, and NAC 2 groups, ischemia was achieved with an exclusive vascular occlusion. SHAM 2: dissection and observation for 90 minutes. The blood was sampled for liver enzyme levels. Statistical analysis was done (P 相似文献   

Protective effect of ischemic preconditioning on liver

ＡＶａｓｃｕｌａｒＳｕｒｇｅｒｙ ,ＡｆｆｉｌｉａｔｅｄＲｅｎｊｉＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌ ,ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＳｅｃｏｎｄＭｅｄｉｃａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ,Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ2 0 0 0 0 1,Ｃｈｉｎａ (ＺｈａｎｇＹＺａｎｄＺｈａｎｇＢＧ)ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＪｉｎｓｈａｎＣｅｎｔｒａｌＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌ ,Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ 2 0 15 0 0 ,Ｃｈｉｎａ (ＰａｎＲＬ)ｓｈｏｒｔ ｔｉｍｅｐｒｅ ｉｓｃｈｅｍｉａｃａｎｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｌｙｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｔｈｅａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｔｉｓｓｕｅｏｒｏｒｇａｎａｇａｉｎｓｔｔｈｅｆｏｌｌ…     

Ischemic Preconditioning to Prevent Lethal Ischemic Spinal Cord Injury in a Swine Model

Objective: Paraplegia is a serious complication of thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic operations and is the result of ischemic spinal cord injury induced by low perfusion pressure during cross-clamping of the aorta. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) of the heart or brain with reversible sublethal ischemic injury induces resistance to subsequent lethal ischemia. The aim of this study is to investigate whether ischemic tolerance can be induced by IPC of the spinal cord in a swine model. Study Design: The animals were randomly divided into three groups: the sham group (n = 3), control group (n = 6) and IPC group (n = 8). In the sham group, we performed a left thoracotomy without any ischemic injury. In the IPC group, the swine received a reversible ischemic spinal cord injury by aortic clamping for 20 min, whereas in the control group, no aortic cross-clamping was performed. Forty-eight hours later, the animals in both the IPC and control groups underwent aortic clamping for 30 min. Neurological examination was done 24 h later, and then the animals were euthanized for histopathology and a malonedialdehyde spectrophotometry assay of the spinal cord tissue. Results: A statistically significant difference in neurological outcome was observed between the control and IPC groups at 24 h after ischemic injury. The incidence of paraplegia and severe paresis was 100% in the control group and 62.5% in the IPC group (p =. 028). Between control and IPC groups, there was no statistically significant difference in histopathology and only a borderline statistical difference in the malonedialdehyde assay of the ischemic spinal cord (p =. 0745). Conclusion: In this study, IPC induced protection against a 30-min ischemic insult of the spinal cord, although complete recovery was not achieved (standing up or walking). We expect that combining this IPC with other existing protective methods might lead to a synergistic effect, which warrants further investigation.     

Prevention of ischemic spinal cord injury: comparative effects of magnesium sulfate and riluzole

PURPOSE: Excitotoxic mechanisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of spinal cord ischemic injury induced by aortic cross-clamping. We investigated the effects of the anti-excitotoxic drugs magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) and riluzole in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia. METHOD: The infrarenal aorta of New Zealand albino white rabbits (n = 68) was occluded for 40 minutes. Experimental groups included: a control group, which received only vehicle (n = 17); group A (n = 17), which received riluzole (8 mg/kg) before clamping; group B (n = 17), which received MgSO(4) (100 mg/kg) before clamping; and group C (n = 17), which received riluzole (8 mg/kg) and MgSO(4) (100 mg/kg) before clamping. Five additional rabbits had the same operation, but did not undergo aortic clamping (sham operation). The neurological status of the rabbits was assessed at 24 hours, 48 hours, and then daily for as long as 120 hours by using a modified Tarlov scale. The rabbits were killed at 24 hours (n = 3 per group), 48 hours (n = 4 per group), and 120 hours (n = 10 per group) postoperatively. Spinal cords were harvested for histopathologic and immunohistochemistry examinations for microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2), a cytoskeletal protein specific from neurons. RESULTS: No major adverse effect was observed with either riluzole or MgSO(4). All control rabbits became severely paraplegic. All riluzole-treated and MgSO(4)-treated animals had a better neurological status than control animals. Typical morphological changes characteristic of neuronal necrosis in the gray matter of control animals was demonstrated by means of the histopathological examination, whereas riluzole or magnesium prevented or attenuated necrotic phenomenons. Moreover, MAP-2 immunoreactivity was completely lost in control rabbits, whereas it was preserved, either completely or partially, in rabbits treated with riluzole or magnesium. Riluzole was more effective than MgSO(4) in preventing paraplegia caused by motor neuron injury (P <.01 ). Riluzole and MgSO(4) had no additive neuroprotective effect. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that riluzole and, to a lesser extent, MgSO(4) may afford significant spinal cord protection in a setting of severe ischemia and may, therefore, be considered for clinical use during "high-risk" operations on the thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta.     

Evaluation of rapid ischemic preconditioning in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia

BACKGROUND: Rapid ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been shown to reduce cellular injury after subsequent cardiac and cerebral ischemia. However, the data on rapid IPC of the spinal cord is limited. The authors investigated whether pretreatment with sublethal ischemia of spinal cord can attenuate neuronal injury after spinal cord ischemia in rabbits. METHODS: Forty-seven male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 15 or 16 each). In the IPC(-) group, the infrarenal aorta was occluded for 17 min to produce spinal cord ischemia. In the IPC(+) group, 5 min of aortic occlusion was performed 30 min before 17 min of spinal cord ischemia. In the sham group, the aorta was not occluded. Hind limb motor function was assessed at 3 h, 24 h, 4 days, and 7 days after reperfusion using Tarlov scoring (0 = paraplegia; 4 = normal). Animals were killed for histopathologic evaluation at 24 h or 7 days after reperfusion. The number of normal neurons in the anterior spinal cord (L4-L6) was counted. RESULTS: Neurologic scores were significantly higher in the IPC(+) group than the IPC(-) group at 3 and 24 h after reperfusion (P < 0.05). However, neurologic scores in the IPC(+) group gradually decreased and became similar to those in the IPC(-) group at 4 and 7 days after reperfusion. At 24 h after reperfusion, the numbers of normal neurons were significantly higher in the IPC (+) group than in the IPC(-) group (P < 0.05) and were similar between the IPC(+) and sham groups. At 7 days after reperfusion, there was no difference in the number of normal neurons between the IPC(+) and IPC(-) groups. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that rapid IPC protects the spinal cord against neuronal damage 24 h but not 7 days after reperfusion in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia, suggesting that the efficacy of rapid IPC may be transient.     

缺血预处理对兔主动脉阻断后脊髓一氧化氮、后肢神经功能和肌电图的影响

目的　探讨缺血预处理 (IPC)对缺血预处理对兔主动脉阻断后脊髓功能和一氧化氮(NO)的影响。方法　 2 4只日本大白兔随机分为假手术组 (A组 )、缺血再灌注组 (B组 )和IPC保护组 (C组 ) ,每组 8只。分别于首次预处理即刻 (C 40 )、缺血即刻 (I0 )、缺血 45min(I45)、再灌注后 60min(R60 )和术后 7d处死动物前即刻 (R7d)采血检测血清和R7d脊髓组织NO的浓度。术后观察后肢神经功能的评分、后肢针电极肌电图 (EMG)和脊髓组织病理学的改变。结果　缺血再灌注损伤后B组血清NO浓度较缺血前和A、C组对应时点值显著升高 (P <0 .0 1)。C组R7d血清NO浓度明显低于其他时点及A组R7d测定值 (P <0 .0 5或 0 .0 1)。B组脊髓组织NO浓度显著高于A、C组(P <0 .0 1)。B组后肢神经功能和脊髓病理学评分均显著性低于A、C组 (P <0 .0 5或 0 .0 1) ,其后肢EMG亦较C组有显著性病理改变 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　IPC对家兔主动脉阻断后脊髓缺血再灌注损伤有良好的保护作用 ,其保护作用机制与抑制NO的生成有关。     

Effect of ischemic post-conditioning on spinal cord ischemic-reperfusion injury in rabbits

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the potential protective effect of ischemic post-conditioning (Post-con) on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rabbit spinal cord, and to determine if there is an additive neuroprotective effect when ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and Post-con are combined. METHODS: Forty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: group Control (C; n=10), aortic occlusion (AOC; for 30 min; group IPC (n=10) three cycles of three-minute AOC plus three-minute reperfusion before the 30-min AOC; group Post-con (n=10), three cycles of three-minute reperfusion plus three-minute AOC immediately upon reperfusion after 30-min AOC; group IPC+Post-con (n=10), where animals were subjected to both IPC and Post-con. At six hours, 24 hr and 48 hr following reperfusion, neurological function was assessed according to Tarlov scores, and at 48 hr, the spinal cords were procured for the histopathologic evaluation, by comparing the number of intact alpha-motor neurons in the anterior horn. RESULTS: The median count (and quartiles) of intact alpha-motor neurons was greatest in group Post-con 73 (69-76) and group IPC+Post-con 29 (22-42) compared to the numbers of viable alpha-motor neurons in groups C 6 (4-9) and IPC 15 (11-18) (P < 0.001). The numbers of animals who developed paraplegia according to Tarlov criteria were 7/10 in groups Post-con and IPC+Post-con, compared to 9/10 animals in each of groups C and IPC. CONCLUSIONS: This laboratory investigation provides histological evidence that Post-con may protect the spinal cord from moderate to severe ischemia reperfusion injury. Ischemic preconditioning conferred no additional benefits in this rabbit model. The results have potential clinical implications for patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic reconstructive surgery.