芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗晚期癌性疼痛的疗效观察

目的 观察芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗晚期癌性疼痛患者的疗效.方法 2009年1月-2010年3月,对经病理学检查确诊为晚期恶性肿瘤的癌痛患者60例,使用芬太尼透皮贴剂进行止痛治疗.1周后观察患者疼痛缓解效果、KPS评分及芬太尼透皮贴剂不良反应.结果 癌痛患者治疗前、后疼痛的缓解程度、KPS评分,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)...     

44例晚期癌痛患者口服吗啡转换为芬太尼贴剂的疗效分析

目的:评价晚期癌痛患者由口服吗啡转换应用芬太尼透皮贴剂止痛的疗效与不良反应。方法:44例口服吗啡镇痛不满意的晚期癌痛患者,换用芬太尼透皮贴剂止痛,吗啡与芬太尼贴剂的剂量换算比为100:1。采用0～10数字疼痛强度评分法评价疼痛强度,评分降低≥2表示疼痛缓解有临床显著性差异;不良反应评估分为4级:无不良反应(0)、轻度(1)、中度(2)或重度(3)。结果:药物转换后疼痛强度明显降低,转换前平均疼痛评分为6.1,转换后7天降至3.5,32例(72.7%)患者疼痛缓解有临床显著性差异。发生至少一种不良反应的患者转换前为34例(77%),转换后降至21例(48%),分别有60%及43%的患者恶心呕吐和便秘症状得到缓解。结论:口服吗啡镇痛不满意的晚期癌痛患者转换应用芬太尼贴剂后镇痛效果提高,胃肠道症状改善。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂缓解老年晚期癌痛及对生活质量的影响

目的:观察芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗老年晚期癌痛的临床疗效、不良反应及使用后生活质量的改善程度。方法:选取30例伴有中、重度疼痛的老年恶性肿瘤患者,使用芬太尼透皮贴剂止痛,至少应用5贴,观察15d,记录治疗前后的疼痛强度、生活质量评分和用药中的不良反应。结果:使用芬太尼透皮贴剂后获得完全缓解20%(6/30),明显缓解30%9/30),中度缓解40/30),轻度缓解3.33%1/30),未缓解(((6.66%2/30),总止痛有效率90%,总获益率93.33%。中度疼痛缓解(率91.67%(11/12),重度疼痛缓解率88.89%(16/18)。不良反应有头晕、嗜睡、便秘、恶心、呕吐、排尿困难、皮肤过敏等,无危及生命的严重不良反应,生活质量明显改善。结论:芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗老年晚期癌痛疗效显著,尤其适用于不能耐受口服止痛药的老年患者。     

缓释芬太尼透皮贴剂对比控释盐酸吗啡在癌痛治疗中的临床研究

目的:比较缓释芬太尼透皮贴剂(多瑞吉)与控释盐酸吗啡(美菲康)对中重度癌痛患者的止痛效果、不良反应和生活质量改善情况。方法:42例癌痛患者随机分为两组,分别应用缓释芬太尼透皮贴剂和控释盐酸吗啡进行治疗,用药15天后评价疼痛缓解率、生活质量改善情况及不良反应。结果:芬太尼透皮贴剂组(治疗组)20例患者疼痛缓解有效率为90.0%,控释吗啡组(对照组)22例患者疼痛缓解有效率为81.8%,两组无统计学差异(P>0.05);不良反应方面,两组便秘发生率分别为30.0%和63.6%,有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组恶心呕吐发生率分别为25.0%和54.5%,有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组之间在生活质量改善方面无显著性差异。结论:芬太尼透皮贴剂及控释盐酸吗啡对中、重度癌痛疗效相似,但使用芬太尼透皮贴剂患者便秘、恶心及呕吐现象发生率更低。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗鼻咽癌放疗病人咽喉疼痛的观察及护理

[目的]观察芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗鼻咽癌放疗病人咽喉疼痛的止痛效果及不良反应.[方法]对30例鼻咽癌病人放疗引起重度咽喉疼痛使用芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗,在用药1周内观察止痛效果及不良反应发生情况.[结果]本组病人完全缓解14例(46.6%),明显缓解12例(40.0%),显著有效率为86.6%;主要不良反应包括恶心、头晕、便秘、头痛、局部过敏、呼吸抑制等,但发生率较低.[结论]芬太尼透皮贴剂可有效缓解鼻咽癌病人放疗引起的咽喉疼痛,不良反应较少.     

芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗晚期癌痛不良反应的观察与护理干预

目的观察芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗晚期癌痛致不良反应的观察与护理对策。方法对35例伴有中重度疼痛的癌症患者在使用芬太尼透皮贴剂止痛的过程中所致的不良反应进行剖析,实施针对性的护理干预。结果 35例晚期癌痛患者,应用芬太尼透皮贴剂后不良反应发生率为34.28%。结论应用芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗晚期癌痛患者期间,积极采取相应的护理措施,做好用药前、用药中健康教育和心理干预,使治疗顺利进行。     

放射性口腔黏膜炎患者应用芬太尼透皮贴剂止痛的效果观察

探讨放射性口腔黏膜炎患者应用芬太尼透皮贴剂止痛及降低不良反应的效果.选取我科125例在放化疗过程中出现放射性口腔黏膜炎所致中、重度疼痛的鼻咽癌患者,均使用4.2mg/贴的芬太尼透皮贴剂止痛同时进行护理干预,在使用前及使用后每24h、连续14d进行疼痛评分,以观察患者治疗后疼痛缓解情况及不良反应的发生.疼痛数字评分由干预前的7.60分,降至干预后的1.88分;不良反应发生率为21.6％.使用芬太尼透皮贴剂的同时进行护理干预,可以提高止痛效果及降低不良反应发生.     

芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗晚期恶性肿瘤骨转移疼痛的疗效观察

目的：探讨芬太尼透皮贴剂作为第三阶梯止痛药物对骨转移癌患者疼痛的镇痛作用。方法：将我科于2002年3月至2004年1月收治的24例晚期恶性肿瘤合并骨转移患者采用芬太尼透皮贴剂止痛治疗的资料进行回顾性分析。结果：使用芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗，疼痛缓解有效率为95．8％，显效率为83．3％。结论：芬太尼透皮贴剂疗效确切，使用方便，能提高肿瘤骨转移患者的生活质量。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂对晚期癌痛患者疼痛症状及生活质量的改善作用

目的研究芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗中-重度癌性疼痛的有效性,以及晚期癌痛患者使用芬太尼透皮贴剂对生活质量的影响。方法晚期癌症中-重度患者64例,均因无法口服、不能耐受或口服止痛药无效等改用芬太尼透皮贴剂。采用0～10数字强度分级法记录疼痛强度并采用EORTCQLQ-C30对患者进行生活质量评估,对疼痛缓解结果和生活质量评分进行统计学分析。结果使用芬太尼透皮贴剂12h后,疼痛均有不同程度减轻,完全缓解36例(56%,36/64),明显缓解22例(34%,22/64),中度缓解6例(9%,6/64)。患者的情绪状况、疼痛、恶心和呕吐、食欲丧失、便秘腹泻治疗前后差异有显著性意义(t=2.20～7.71,P<0.01～0.05)。结论芬太尼透皮贴剂用于中-重度癌性疼痛止痛效果好,使用方便,安全、可靠。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂缓解老年晚期癌痛及对生活质量的影响

目的：观察芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗老年晚期癌痛的临床疗效、不良反应及使用后生活质量的改善程度。方法：选取30例伴有中、重度疼痛的老年恶性肿瘤患，使用芬太尼透皮贴剂止痛，至少应用5贴，观察15d，记录治疗前后的疼痛强度、生活质量评分和用药中的不良反应。结果：使用芬太尼透皮贴剂后获得完全缓解20％(6／30)，明显缓解30％(9／30)，中度缓解40％(12／30)，轻度缓解3．33％(1／30)，未缓解6．66％(2／30)，总止痛有效率90％，总获益率93．33％。中度疼痛缓解率91．67％(11／12)，重度疼痛缓解率88．89％(16／18)。不良反应有头晕、嗜睡、便秘、恶心、呕吐、排尿困难、皮肤过敏等，无危及生命的严重不良反应，生活质量明显改善。结论：芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗老年晚期癌痛疗效显，尤其适用于不能耐受口服止痛药的老年患。     

芬太尼透皮贴与吗啡治疗癌痛效果的Meta分析

目的：评价芬太尼透皮贴和吗啡缓释片在控制中重度癌痛的效果及不良反应的情况。方法以“芬太尼透皮贴∕多瑞吉∕吗啡∕美菲康∕癌症∕癌痛∕随机∕对照”为关键词,检索公开发表的相关随机对照试验。根据澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心对RCT的评价原则进行文献评价,采用RevMan 5．0软件对本系统评价关注的结局指标进行M eta分析。结果共纳入10篇文献,疼痛缓解率差异无统计学意义,头晕嗜睡、恶心呕吐、便秘发生率差异有统计学意义。结论芬太尼透皮贴剂和口服吗啡控释片治疗中重度癌痛的效果相近,但芬太尼透皮贴剂头晕嗜睡、恶心呕吐、便秘等主要不良反应的发生率较低。     

Transdermal fentanyl.

OBJECTIVE: To review the use of transdermal fentanyl for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic pain. The article provides background on the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of the drug, as well as the properties of the transdermal system. In addition, clinical trials, adverse effects, and therapeutic considerations and recommendations are presented. DATA SOURCES: Clinical trials, review articles, and reference texts. STUDY SELECTION: Comparative clinical trials involving the use of transdermal fentanyl on postoperative and chronic pain patients. DATA EXTRACTION: Data from clinical human trials published in the English language were reviewed. Trials were assessed by sample size, opioid dosage regimen, and therapeutic outcome. DATA SYNTHESIS: Transdermal fentanyl was found to be effective in the control of chronic and postoperative pain. In one trial the overall patient satisfaction with pain control was 79 percent for the transdermal fentanyl group and 44 percent for the placebo group. In another trial, the amount of additional parenteral morphine was significantly lower for the group receiving transdermal fentanyl than for the placebo group (49.9 +/- 4.9 vs. 77.0 +/- 6.3 mg, respectively, p < 0.01). The most common adverse effects recorded were nausea (45-85 percent), pruritus (14-60 percent), and sedation (40-59 percent). The cost of analgesic therapy with this delivery system is higher than that of parenteral opioid analgesia, but less than patient-controlled analgesia. CONCLUSIONS: The transdermal fentanyl formulation offers some minor advantages over other forms of conventional pain management. Results of early clinical trials are promising, but more studies are needed to evaluate its long-term effectiveness and adverse effects. Specifically, comparisons with standard parenteral and patient-controlled opioid analgesia in chronic malignant and nonmalignant pain are necessary for adequate evaluation of transdermal fentanyl.     

硫酸吗啡控释片与硫酸吗啡缓释片对重度癌痛患者镇痛效果的比较

背景吗啡是WHO倡导的治疗中重度癌症疼痛的首选药物.硫酸吗啡控释片与硫酸吗啡缓释片是口服长效吗啡.该药对解除肿瘤患者的疼痛、提高生活质量十分重要.目的观察硫酸吗啡控释片与硫酸吗啡缓释片对重度癌痛的止痛效果及对患者生活质量的影响.设计以患者为研究对象的病例分析.单位一所大学附属第一医院肿瘤科、外科、内科、中医科.对象1995-10/1998-06暨南大学附属第一医院确诊肿瘤伴重度疼痛的住院患者参加此次试验.方法182例经病理证实的中晚期重度癌痛患者,95例服用硫酸吗啡控释片,12例因药物的副作用、死亡、出院而失访,83例符合标准进入试验.87例服用硫酸吗啡缓释片,25例因药物的副作用、死亡、出院而失访,62例符合标准进入试验.初始剂量均为30 mg口服,每12 h 1次;据实际镇痛效果来调整用量,直到达到满意的镇痛效果.主要观察指标疼痛强度、疼痛缓解率及完全缓解率、缓解时间、副作用、治疗前后生活质量评分.结果硫酸吗啡控释片、硫酸吗啡缓释片的镇痛有效率分别为95%,94%.完全缓解率分别为82%,80%.镇痛有效时间分别为(9.1±4.1)h,(8.7±4.4)h.两药镇痛效果及镇痛有效时间经统计学处理差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).治疗后分别有62例(75%),47例(76%)生活质量较前提高一个等级,治疗前后生活质量评分硫酸吗啡控释片组分别为(34.6±11.5),(52.6±13.0)分(P=0.000);硫酸吗啡缓释片组分别为(37.7±9 7),(49.8±12.9)分(P=0.000),治疗前后患者生活质量差异有显著性意义.两药对骨痛、内脏痛、软组织浸润痛效果好,对神经痛效果欠佳.结论硫酸吗啡控释片或硫酸吗啡缓释片对重度癌痛止痛效果相似,镇痛时间长,副作用小,改善了患者的生活质量.     

加味温胆汤与芬太尼透皮贴剂合用治疗重度癌痛30例

目的观察加味温胆汤化裁而成的中药汤剂与芬太尼透皮贴剂合用是否可减轻重度癌痛患者不良反应与强化控痛效果,并探讨使用后患者的生活质量改善程度。方法2001-02/2002-02对30例重度癌痛患者采用芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗起始剂量25μg/h,每3日更换1次,期间根据疼痛情况进行剂量调整直到患者无痛或基本不痛为止,同时每天口服以加味温胆汤化裁成的中药汤剂1剂,治疗15d,观察治疗前后的疼痛强度,生活质量评分,用药不良反应。结果加味温胆汤与芬太尼贴剂合用治疗后,疼痛完全缓解24例(80%),明显缓解6例(20%)(t=24.27,P<0.001)。患者用药后食欲、睡眠、精神状态、日常生活、与人交往等均得到明显改善(t=-11.12～-1.50,P<0.001),患者不良反应程度轻,其中头晕3例,便秘3例,嗜睡2例,恶心呕吐2例。结论芬太尼贴剂合用加味温胆汤中药治疗重度癌痛,控制癌痛效果好,不良反应轻微,能够明显改善癌症患者的生活质量。     

时间护理干预对晚期癌症患者疼痛的影响

目的 探讨时间护理干预对晚期癌症患者疼痛影响.方法 随机抽取116例不同类型晚期恶性肿瘤患者分为实验组和对照组,分别实施时间护理和常规护理措施并给予癌症三阶梯止痛治疗.结果 实验组58例中完全缓解42例,部分缓解14例,无效2例,总有效率96.5%;对照组58例中完全缓解23例,部分缓解17例,无效18例,总有效率69...     

晚期肿瘤患者疼痛护理措施

目的通过对晚期肿瘤患者疼痛护理,解除或减轻患者的痛苦,以提高患者的生活质量。方法护士正确掌握三阶梯给药原则及药物不良反应与处理,对患者的疼痛进行正确评估,予以心理支持及疼痛护理。结果按三阶梯给药原则,结合有效的心理护理,50例患者疼痛有效控制率达到96%。结论护理人员通过细致入微的临床护理,给予必要的药物治疗和心理支持,减轻了晚期肿瘤患者的痛苦,改善了患者的生活质量。     

Pharmacokinetic Profile and Efficacy of a Fentanyl Transdermal Delivery System for Acute Postoperative Pain after Intra-abdominal Gynecologic Surgery for Cancer

Purpose: This prospective, randomized, single‐blind study evaluated the efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of a transdermal delivery system for fentanyl to provide relief of acute postoperative pain in patients undergoing intra‐abdominal gynecologic surgery for cancer. Methods: Forty female patients were randomized to either transdermal fentanyl 50 µg/hour (n = 20) or transdermal placebo (n = 20). Transdermal systems were placed 1 hour preoperatively and removed 25 hours later. Pain control was supplemented with a nonopioid drug, bupivacaine 0.125–0.25%, administered through an epidural catheter via patient‐controlled epidural analgesia. Serum fentanyl concentrations, bupivacaine consumption, pain scores [visual analog scale (VAS)], sedation rating score, adverse events, and physiological parameters were recorded for 48 hours postoperatively. Results: The minimum effective concentration of fentanyl in serum (0.63 ng/mL) was achieved at 11.3 ± 4.9 hours after application, and serum concentrations remained above this level until 13 hours after removal. The TTS‐F group had lower VAS pain scores and a significant 66% reduction in utilization of bupivacaine compared with placebo. Pain scores were significantly correlated with serum fentanyl concentration (P = 0.025). All physiological parameters fluctuated within normal range and no differences were observed between treatments. Adverse events were similar between the groups with only the incidence of local erythema significantly higher in the TTS‐F group (30% vs. 5%, P < 0.05), and sedation scores were significantly higher in the TTS‐F group during the immediate postoperative period. Conclusion: The transdermal therapeutic system for administration of fentanyl, combined with epidural administration of a nonopioid analgesic such as bupivacaine is effective in controlling postoperative pain after gynecologic surgery. Additionally, the safety/tolerability of this regimen was similar to placebo plus bupivacaine.     

多瑞吉治疗癌痛的疗效观察

Cancerpainisoneofthemostcommonsymptomsinthepatientswithcancer，itisestimatedthatabout７０％latestagepatientswithcanceraresufferingfromcancerpain．Itisveryimportantfortheclinicaloncologiststocontrolthissymptom．Opioiddrugsarethefirstchoicetotreatmoderatetoseverepain．In１９９９，transdermalFen－tanyl（Durogesic）begantouseintroducedbyXianJanssen．Durogesicprovidesanewmethodtocontrolcancerpain．FromMarch２０００toJanuary２００２，wetreated３０patientswithmoderatetoseverecancerpain，theeffecti…     

Transdermal fentanyl for the management of cancer pain: a survey of 1005 patients

Transdermal fentanyl was released in Germany in 1995. From October 1996 to February 1998 transdermal treatment was documented for 1005 patients (506 men and 499 women with a mean age of 60 years, range 20-92 years) with chronic pain in an open survey including 290 physicians from hospitals and general practitioners throughout Germany. Most patients suffered from cancer pain and only 11 patients had chronic pain from non-malignant disease. Physicians were asked to complete a questionnaire for patients treated with transdermal fentanyl on initiation of therapy (day 0), and days 3, 6, 18, 30 thereafter, followed by monthly follow-up intervals. Patients were asked to complete a pain diary. Transdermal therapy was documented from day 0 for 824 patients, while 181 patients had been treated with transdermal fentanyl before admission in the survey. Most of the other 824 patients had been treated with other step 3 opioids (55% of the patients) or step 2 opioids (23%) before conversion to transdermal fentanyl, whereas 8% had been treated only with non-opioids and 14% had received analgesics only as required or not at all before initiation of transdermal therapy. The most important reasons for switching to transdermal opioid therapy were insufficient pain relief with the previous medication followed by a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms impeding oral analgesic therapy. Initial fentanyl doses ranged from 0.6 to 9.6 mg/day (25 to 400 microg/h) with a median of 1.2 mg/day (50 microg/h). Median doses slowly increased throughout the observation period to 2.4 mg/day (100 microg/h) after 4 months of treatment. Most patients continued transdermal therapy until the time of death (47% of patients). Other reasons for discontinuation were inadequate pain relief (10%), pain relief with other analgesic regimens (10%), other symptoms than pain (5%), rejection of transdermal therapy by the patient (6%) or miscellaneous (16%). Adverse events were documented as the reason for discontinuation of transdermal therapy in 49 patients (5%). Dyspnoea was documented for seven patients as the reason for discontinuation. One of these patients, as well as another patient with an episode of apnoea, had to be treated with artificial respiration for several hours, but both patients recovered without sequelae. Transdermal therapy with fentanyl was safe and efficient in this national survey. Transdermal fentanyl can be recommended for treatment of moderate to severe cancer pain and probably may even be used as a first-line drug on step 3 of the World Health Organization recommendations in selected patient groups.     

Evaluation of a standardized internet-based and telephone-based patient monitoring system for pain therapy with transdermal fentanyl

The aim of the present observational 4-week study was to document the feasibility and utility of telephone-based or Internet-based pain monitoring in patients with chronic cancer or noncancer pain, such as nociceptive or neuropathic pain, using transdermal fentanyl. Pain intensity, treatment tolerability, activities of daily living, quality of life, and patient and physician satisfaction were evaluated in 60 (60% women, 42% opioid-naive) chronic pain patients who were switched from oral pain therapy to transdermal fentanyl therapy because of persisting severe pain. When the total dataset of all patient entries was analyzed, treatment with transdermal fentanyl led to decreases in maximal and mean pain scores as reported by the patients (-14% and -19%, respectively, last observation carried forward vs. baseline). Pain reduction was more pronounced in opioid-naive than in opioid-experienced patients (-35% and -25% vs. baseline, respectively; P=0.03). Overall, impairment of daily activities was reduced by 23% with transdermal fentanyl. No effect was observed with regard to quality of life and use of rescue pain medication. Transdermal fentanyl was generally well tolerated. Most patients (60%) preferred the telephone-based to the Internet-based or Internet combined with telephone questionnaires. Patient preference was driven by age, whereby younger patients tended to prefer the Internet and older patients the telephone (mean age, 45 and 54 y, respectively; difference n.s.). Internet-based and telephone-based monitoring of the efficacy and tolerability of opioid treatment for chronic pain was feasible in daily practice and generally well accepted by patients and physicians. Future research will determine the relative contribution of these 2 new options for patient-physician interaction and delineate their role in improving chronic pain control.