喉癌的手术治疗与喉功能的保护

目的　探讨喉癌手术治疗的方法与喉功能重建及其疗效。方法　对 1 979～ 1 999年间62 5例喉癌患者进行手术治疗。其中声门上癌 1 82例 :Ⅰ期 1 1例 ,Ⅱ期 45例 ,Ⅲ期 49例 ,Ⅳ期 77例 ;声门癌 42 9例 :Ⅰ期 1 4 6例 ,Ⅱ期 1 1 3例 ,Ⅲ期 98例 ,Ⅳ期 72例 ;声门下癌 1 4例 :Ⅰ期 1例 ,Ⅱ期 4例 ,Ⅲ期 2例 ,Ⅳ期 7例。根据病变情况不同 ,采用相应的手术方式。结果　喉部分切除占全部病例的比例为 83 .4% (52 1 62 5)。喉部分切除术拔管率为 84.1 % (438 52 1 )。Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者中 ,喉部分切除比例为66 .6 % (2 0 3 30 5)。全部患者恢复经口进食 ,喉部分切除患者均成功恢复发音。全部喉癌患者 3年生存率为 89.6 % ,5年生存率为 77.4%。Ⅲ、Ⅳ期喉部分切除术和全喉切除术患者的生存率差异无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5)。结论　晚期喉癌保留喉功能是可行的。熟练掌握多种修复方法 ,择优采用 ,是提高喉功能保留率的重要保证     

梨状窝癌的保留喉功能外科治疗

目的 探讨梨状窝癌的外科治疗和保留喉功能的可行性及疗效.方法 回顾性分析1999～2003年间手术治疗的梨状窝癌43例,Ⅰ期5例.Ⅱ期9例,Ⅲ期17例,Ⅳ期12例,Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期行梨状窝切除术,或将声门旁间隙组织一并切除.Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期行梨状窝切除+喉部分切除术,以会厌和胸舌骨肌肌筋膜瓣重建喉功能,并以局部咽黏膜、胸大肌肌皮瓣、裂层皮片成形下咽腔.结果 43例患者的3年生存率为60.4%,5年生存率为41.2%.全恢复喉功能占67.4%,部分恢复喉功能占32.6%.结论 彻底切除肿瘤的同时,对梨状窝癌患者行喉功能保留手术是可行的.     

喉癌52例手术治疗临床疗效分析

目的 探讨手术治疗喉癌患者的临床疗效分析。方法 回顾分析对52例喉癌患者进行手术治疗,其中声门上型13例,声门型37例,声门下型2例,属于Ⅰ期的12例,Ⅱ期的16例,Ⅲ期的14例,Ⅳ期的10例,根据每位患者的病变部位情况不同采用相应的手术方式,观察其临床疗效。结果 患者恢复后均以口进食,喉部分切除患者的发音均恢复。喉癌患者1年生存率为92%,3年生存率为86.5%,5年生存率为67.7%,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的喉部分切除术和全喉切除术患者的生存率无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论 手术治疗仍为目前喉癌患者治疗的重要方法,但喉癌发病期和发病部位情况各异,临床治疗时还要制定个体化治疗方案,采用合适的手术方法,提高治疗效果。     

喉癌38例手术治疗分析

目的观察手术治疗喉癌的疗效。方法 38例喉癌患者均进行手术治疗,随访5年以上。结果本组38例3年生存率为81.6%,5年生存率为73.7%。Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期3年生存率为88.2%,5年生存率为82.4%;Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期3年生存率为76.2%,5年生存率为66.7%。结论手术治疗喉癌应在彻底切除癌肿的前提下,保留或重建喉功能,以提高病人生存质量;喉部分切除术后并发症较多,要采取积极防范措施,提高治疗效果。     

声门上喉次全切除术

目的:评价声门上喉次全切除术的手术方法及远期疗效.方法:总结我院1995年至2000年间开展的声门上喉次全切除治疗喉声门上区癌6例,男5例,女1例,平均年龄57岁,Ⅱ期4例,Ⅲ期2例.结果:3年生存率为83%(5/6);5年生存率为66%(4/6).喉功能恢复情况:拔管率为100%,吞咽功能在3～5周恢复,发音功能良好.结论:该术式能彻底切除肿瘤,并完全保留喉的生理功能,是一种较理想的部分喉切除术.     

山东东部地区女性喉癌患者的临床特点

目的探讨山东东部地区女性喉癌患者的临床特点。方法对22例女性喉癌患者资料进行回顾性分析,其中声门上型8例,声门型13例,声门下型1例;按2002年AJCC标准进行分期:Ⅰ期10例,Ⅱ期2例,Ⅲ期4例,Ⅳ期6例。行喉部分切除术14例,喉全切除术6例,同时行颈清扫术10例,术后放疗10例。单纯放疗2例。生存率采用直接法计算。结果行手术治疗的20例中,治疗后满3年者11例,失访2例,无瘤生存8例,3年直接生存率72.7%;治疗后满5年者6例,失访1例,无瘤生存5例,5年直接生存率83.3%;行单纯放射治疗的2例分别于治疗后9个月和1年死于复发。结论女性喉癌发病率较低,声门上型喉癌构成比相对较高,部分女性喉癌患者与吸烟有关,女性喉癌患者的多原发癌值得重视。     

62例喉癌的治疗与预后分析

目的：分析1998年以来喉癌患者的治疗方法及远期疗效,探讨影响预后的主要因素,以改善治疗并提高生存率。方法：应用回顾性调查研究方法,对1998年12月~2005年12月间治疗的62例病例进行临床随访、病历资料分析。结果：全组62例患者仅有2例失访。早期（Ⅰ、Ⅱ期）肿瘤与晚期（Ⅲ、Ⅳ期）肿瘤患者之间生存率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。非声门型患者（包括声门上型和声门下型）与声门型患者生存率差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。晚期患者行喉全切除术和喉部分切除术在生存率上的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：喉癌手术治疗效果好,喉功能保存率高,其预后与肿瘤分期以及原发部位关系密切。提倡在保证手术安全边缘的情况下,制定个体化治疗方案,运用最优的手术切除和功能重建方法,改善生存质量。     

水平垂直部分喉切除术疗效分析

探讨29例T3期声门上型和跨声门型喉癌,行水平垂直部分喉切除术治疗声门上型和跨声门型喉癌的疗效.结果:3年生存率为72.4%,5年生存率为48.3%,术后3个月拔管率为96%.在正确掌握手术适应证和喉重建技巧,水平垂直半喉切除术3～5年生存率不低于全喉切除术,并且保留了吞咽和发音功能.     

喉癌术式的选择与喉功能重建和生存率的关系研究

目的　探讨喉癌切除术术式与术后喉功能重建及生存率之间的关系。方法　对 1975～ 1997年 7月间收治的有完整随访资料的 95例喉癌手术患者的喉功能恢复及生存率进行分析。结果　 97.9% (93/ 95 )的患者吞咽功能良好 ,80 % (76 /95 )发音良好。部分喉切除术拔管率为 5 9.5 % (2 2 / 37) ,全喉切除术 1、3、5a生存率分别为 89.5 %、82 .4%、76 .9%。部分喉切除术 1、3、5a生存率分别为 86 .2 %、78.3%、6 8.4%。按临床分期计生存率为 :1、3、5a生存率 ,Ⅰ—Ⅱ期患者为 91.2 %、83.3%、81.3% ,Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患者为 84.6 %、78.1%、6 9.2 %。结论　喉癌术式的选择是非常重要的 ,它与术后喉功能重建和生存率密切相关。     

58例部分喉切除术疗效分析

部分喉切除术既能根治喉癌,又可保持喉功能,疗效显著。作者统计分析1980～1991年期间施行的58例部分喉切除术,其3、5年生存率为79.2％和68.1％。其中声门型为88.6％和83.3％,声门上型为53.3％和42.9%(P<0.01)。Ⅰ期均为80.0％,Ⅱ期为87.5％和65.0%,Ⅲ期为64.3％和58.3％(P<0.05)。高分化鳞癌为88.2%和81.5%,中分化鳞癌为58.3%和46.2％(P<0.025),低分化癌鳞66.7％。部分喉切除术比全喉切除术疗效好,其中以一侧垂直部分喉切除术和额侧大部分喉切除术的疗     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.