腹腔镜结合开放手术在肾盂成形术中的应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜结合开放手术在肾盂成形术中的应用价值。方法 肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者45例，经腹腹腔镜下游离肾盂及部分输尿管上段，将正对肾盂输尿管连接部体表投影水平的套管戳口向头侧延长1～2cm，自该切口将肾盂输尿管连接部提出腹壁外进行成形操作。结果 45例手术均获成功。手术时间40～85min，平均58min；术中出血量15～30ml，平均22ml。术中术后无并发症。34例随访3～36个月，平均11个月，IVU检查吻合口无梗阻，B超提示患肾积水减轻。结论 与开放手术和全腹腔镜手术相比，肾盂成形术中联合应用腹腔镜与开放手术技术可减少腹腔镜手术的操作难度，缩短手术时间，并不明显增加腹壁创伤，值得临床推广应用。     

后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻（附20例报告）

目的：探讨肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻（UPJO）的后腹腔镜手术治疗方法及临床价值.方法：对20例UPJO患者行后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗.结果：全部患者均一次性手术成功,手术时间90～150 min.平均120min术中出血量20～50 ml,平均35 ml;术后住院时间7～10天,平均8天.术后1例出现漏尿,术后10天消失,余无并发症.随访6～52个月,平均20个月,腰痛症状消失,本组患者术后行B超、IVU榆查示肾盂输尿管连接部吻合口无狭窄,肾积水得到改善.结论：后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻是安全有效的微创手术方法.     

后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾内型肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的探讨

目的:探讨后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾内型肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO)的手术技巧与临床效果。方法:2008年3月至2014年10月为6例肾内型UPJO患者行后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术。患者先取截石位,患侧输尿管逆行置入6Fr输尿管支架,经后腹膜腹腔镜下于肾下极腰大肌前缘间隙找到输尿管,沿输尿管向近端分离至肾门,紧贴肾盂表面钝性剥离肾窦,显露肾内型肾盂与输尿管连接部,行腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术。结果:6例手术均顺利完成,无中转开放手术。手术时间145~260 min,平均(185.0±48.3)min;术中出血量30~100 ml,平均(52.0±21.5)ml;住院9~21 d,平均(13.0±3.6)d。6例术后随访6~24个月,平均(18.0±4.6)个月,肾盂输尿管连接部吻合口无狭窄,肾积水得到改善。结论:后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术是治疗肾内型UPJO有效、安全的手术方式,近期随访临床效果满意。     

腹腔镜下手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄

目的 评价腹腔镜下手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄梗阻(UPJO)的疗效.方法 UPJO患者102例.男56例,女46例.平均年龄31(6～62)岁.左侧53例,右侧49例.102例均经临床及影像学检查证实.肾盂分离平均28(20～46)mm,重度积水21例、中度63例、轻度18例.采用腹膜后径路行离断式肾盂输尿管成形术.术中打开肾周筋膜,以肾下极为标志游离出肾盂输尿管连接部,切除狭窄部分,肾盂输尿管端端连续吻合并留置双J管.结果 102例手术均成功.手术时间平均120(70～180)min,术中出血量平均80(50～100)ml.无严重并发症发生.术后住院平均8.5(6～14)d.102例随访平均9(3～15)个月,经B超复查肾积水消失30例,72例肾盂分离较术前平均减少12(8～26)mm.IVU检查85例吻合口无狭窄.结论 腹腔镜下离断式肾盂输尿管成形术治疗UPJO有效、可行,可以替代开放手术.     

腹腔镜下手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄

目的 评价腹腔镜下手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄梗阻(UPJO)的疗效.方法 UPJO患者102例.男56例,女46例.平均年龄31(6～62)岁.左侧53例,右侧49例.102例均经临床及影像学检查证实.肾盂分离平均28(20～46)mm,重度积水21例、中度63例、轻度18例.采用腹膜后径路行离断式肾盂输尿管成形术.术中打开肾周筋膜,以肾下极为标志游离出肾盂输尿管连接部,切除狭窄部分,肾盂输尿管端端连续吻合并留置双J管.结果 102例手术均成功.手术时间平均120(70～180)min,术中出血量平均80(50～100)ml.无严重并发症发生.术后住院平均8.5(6～14)d.102例随访平均9(3～15)个月,经B超复查肾积水消失30例,72例肾盂分离较术前平均减少12(8～26)mm.IVU检查85例吻合口无狭窄.结论 腹腔镜下离断式肾盂输尿管成形术治疗UPJO有效、可行,可以替代开放手术.     

腹腔镜下手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄

目的 评价腹腔镜下手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄梗阻(UPJO)的疗效.方法 UPJO患者102例.男56例,女46例.平均年龄31(6～62)岁.左侧53例,右侧49例.102例均经临床及影像学检查证实.肾盂分离平均28(20～46)mm,重度积水21例、中度63例、轻度18例.采用腹膜后径路行离断式肾盂输尿管成形术.术中打开肾周筋膜,以肾下极为标志游离出肾盂输尿管连接部,切除狭窄部分,肾盂输尿管端端连续吻合并留置双J管.结果 102例手术均成功.手术时间平均120(70～180)min,术中出血量平均80(50～100)ml.无严重并发症发生.术后住院平均8.5(6～14)d.102例随访平均9(3～15)个月,经B超复查肾积水消失30例,72例肾盂分离较术前平均减少12(8～26)mm.IVU检查85例吻合口无狭窄.结论 腹腔镜下离断式肾盂输尿管成形术治疗UPJO有效、可行,可以替代开放手术.     

经脐单一部位三通道腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻

目的探讨经脐单一部位三通道腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO)的临床价值。方法 2017年8月～2018年9月我院采用经脐单一部位三通道腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术治疗46例UPJO。左侧采用经结肠系膜途径或侧腹膜途径,右侧采用经侧腹膜途径手术。分离显露肾盂输尿管连接部后悬吊并切除病变段,裁剪多余肾盂,采用Anderson-Hynes技术常规吻合肾盂输尿管。结果 43例经脐单一部位三通道腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术获得成功,3例操作困难改为两部位三通道完成手术,无中转开放手术。肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄38例,输尿管高植入3例,输尿管息肉5例。手术时间94～152 min,平均128 min。术中出血量2～15 ml,平均5 ml。术后住院时间5～10 d,平均6 d。术后6个月患侧肾盂前后径(20. 4±0. 4) mm,较术前(34. 2±2. 4) mm明显缩小(t=40. 282,P=0. 000);分肾功能(36. 0±2. 1)%,较术前(32. 0±4. 1)%明显改善(t=-5. 710,P=0. 000)。手术成功率100%结论经脐单一部位腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形手术治疗小儿UPJO安全、有效,脐外无肉眼可见瘢痕,但手术操作难度较大,需要选择合适的病所并结合术者自身技术水平合理开展。     

后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术在肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻治疗中的应用

目的探讨后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床价值。方法回顾性分析后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术治疗10例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者的临床资料。其中男7例,女3例,年龄9～39岁。左侧6例,右侧4例。10例患者均有不同程度腰部胀痛史,病程3～30个月。结果 10例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术病例,术中证实异位血管压迫3例,原发性肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄7例。手术时间120～240min,平均180min,术中失血量50～100ml,平均75ml,术后住院7～9d。围手术期所有病例无漏尿等并发症发生。随访3～18个月,超声提示患者肾积水程度减轻,IVU提示肾盂输尿管连接部吻合口无狭窄,术前显影延迟病例显影时间提前,所有患者腰痛症状缓解。结论后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻技术可行,安全有效,其远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

后腹腔镜离断性肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻（附16例报告）

目的 探讨后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床应用价值。方法 采用经腹膜后径路施行腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻16例。患者中男11例, 女5例, 年龄3.5-12岁,平均年龄6.5岁。右侧7例,左侧9例。异位血管压迫1例,合并肾盂结石1例。结果 16例手术均获成功。手术时间110-175min,平均130min;出血量20-60ml,平均35ml。术后住院时间6-11d,平均8d。随访3-36个月,平均18月;肾盂输尿管连接部吻合口无狭窄, 肾积水得到改善。结论 小儿后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术安全、有效、微创,术后恢复快,可以作为治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的有效手术方法,值得临床推广。     

经腹入路3D腹腔镜联合输尿管硬镜同期处理肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻并肾盏结石的应用

目的 探讨经腹入路3D腹腔镜联合输尿管硬镜在肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻并肾盏结石手术中的安全性及有效性。方法 回顾性分析2019年12月至2022年1月广东省第二人民医院收治并手术的14例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻并肾盏结石的患者临床资料,分析肾盏结石大小、结石数量、手术时间、术中失血量及一期结石清除率及手术效果。结果 所有患者均采用经腹3D腹腔镜下肾盂离断成形术,术中输尿管镜经腔镜通道进入肾盂肾盏找到结石,取出结石。结石大小（0.89±0.32） cm,结石数量2～6枚,手术时间（138±18）min,术中失血量（12±5）ml,一期结石清除率100%,术后6～8周拔除输尿管支架管,术后3个月复查CT示肾积液缓解或消失,无肾结石复发及肾积液加重。结论 3D腹腔镜联合输尿管硬镜在肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻并肾盏结石治疗中安全有效,具有创伤小,清石率高,是部分肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻合并肾盏结石患者治疗的良好选择。     

腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄19例

目的 评价腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄（ureteropelvic junctiono bstruction，UPJO）的疗效。方法 采用经腹路径对19例UPJO行离断式。肾盂输尿管成形术。打开侧腹膜，以。肾下极为标志游离出。肾盂输尿管连接部，切除狭窄部分，端端吻合肾盂输尿管并留置双J管。结果 19例手术全部成功，手术时间110～240min，平均150min。术中出血量50～100ml，平均80ml，无严重并发症发生。术后住院6～10d，平均7．8d。19例随访3～15个月，平均6个月，14例静脉尿路造影（intrarenous urography，IVU）无吻合口狭窄。结论 腹腔镜下离断式肾盂输尿管成形术治疗UPJO有效、可行，可以替代开放手术。     

后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术

目的探讨后腹腔镜下肾盂成形术的临床疗效. 方法腹腔镜下通过后腹腔途径对9例肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄行离断式肾盂成形术并对技术进行改进. 结果 9例手术均获成功,手术时间110～240 min,平均160 min.术中出血量30～80 ml,平均50 ml.术后住院8～18 d,平均11.2 d.术后并发症:皮下气肿(合并阴囊气肿)1例,漏尿2例.术后1～10个月B超示术侧肾盂无积水5例,轻度积水2例,中度积水2例.3例术后5个月IVU显示吻合口通畅. 结论后腹腔镜肾盂成形术微创、效果好,值得推广.     

Endoscopic and laparoscopic treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction

PURPOSE: Although open pyeloplasty remains the gold standard for treating ureteropelvic junction obstruction, endourology and laparoscopy have revolutionized the management of upper tract stenosis. We present our diagnostic and minimally invasive therapeutic algorithm for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 13 females and 9 males with a mean age of 34.2 years suffering from ureteropelvic junction obstruction were treated with percutaneous endopyelotomy or laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty and followed for 47 to 61 months (mean 53.8) and 47 to 62 months (mean 52.5), respectively. Diagnosis was based on findings of ultrasound, excretory urography, furosemide washout renogram and retrograde ureteropyelography. In cases of ureteral kinking color duplex sonography and spiral computerized tomography were performed. In 14 patients with intrinsic stenosis percutaneous endopyelotomy was performed, while the remaining 8 patients (5 with crossing vessels, 2 with an extremely distended pelvis and 1 with a 2.5 cm. stricture) were treated with a laparoscopic dismembered Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty. RESULTS: In the endopyelotomy group (success rate 92.8%), mean operation time was 1.2 hours, estimated blood loss was 152 ml., unit doses of analgesics were 5.4 tablets, days of hospitalization were 4.2 and time to return to normal activities was 15.7 days. In the laparoscopic group (success rate of 100%) the aforementioned variables were 3.5 hours (p <0.05), 150 ml., 6.3 tablets, 5 and 17.8 days, respectively. Long-term followup excretory urography and/or diuretic renal scan demonstrated improvement in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous endopyelotomy should be the treatment of choice for intrinsic ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty, although technically challenging, provides excellent results for extrinsic or complicated ureteropelvic junction stenosis.     

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty for secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has become a viable option for the treatment of select patients with primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction with success rates similar to those of open surgery. However, little has been written on the application of this technique for secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. We report the largest series of secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction managed by laparoscopic pyeloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 1994 and March 2001, 36 patients underwent laparoscopic transperitoneal pyeloplasty for secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The patients had undergone an average of 1.3 ureteropelvic junction procedures (range 1 to 4) prior to presentation, including cutting balloon retrograde endopyelotomy in 28, antegrade endoscopic endopyelotomy in 7, retrograde endoscopic endopyelotomy in 4, retrograde balloon dilation in 4 and open pyeloplasty in 3. A preoperative diagnosis of recurrent obstruction was confirmed by renal scan in 31 cases, retrograde pyelography in 2 and computerized tomography in 3. Of the 31 patients who underwent spiral computerized tomography angiogram 87% had crossing vessels. Laparoscopic repair comprised dismembered pyeloplasty in 31 cases, Fengerplasty in 3 and flap repair in 2. Postoperative renal scan or excretory urography objective followup was available for all patients at a mean of 10 months (range 3 to 40). Postoperative subjective patient well-being was assessed using an analog pain scale at a mean followup of 21.8 months (range 3 to 85). RESULTS: Average operative time was 6.2 hours (range 2.7 to 10). Average hospital stay was 2.9 days (range 1 to 7). One intraoperative complication occurred, that is bleeding necessitating conversion to an open procedure. Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cases, including anastomotic leakage in 4, and urinary tract infection, pneumonia, atelectasis, fever, bilateral upper extremity weakness and stone formation 2 months postoperatively in 1 each. On excretory urography, furosemide renal scan or the Whitaker test 32 of 36 patients (89%) had a widely patent ureteropelvic junction. Two patients (5.5%) had equivocal radiographic studies but were asymptomatic. In 2 patients the ureteropelvic junction was obstructed by renal scan. One patient had an indwelling stent for renal function deterioration and 1 was asymptomatic. Hence, 34 of the 36 patients (94%) had a reasonable objective response. Overall a 50% or greater decrease in pain was seen in 32 of 36 patients (89%). In the 4 patients with a less than 50% decrease in pain objective renal scans showed an open ureteropelvic junction. As such, the overall success rate of a greater than 50% decrease in pain, a patent ureteropelvic junction and stable or improved function of the affected renal unit was 83% (30 of 36 patients). CONCLUSIONS: For secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction, laparoscopic pyeloplasty can be performed safely with a success rate comparable to that of standard open pyeloplasty. The patient benefits of laparoscopic ureteropelvic junction repair of secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction are similar to the benefits of laparoscopic repair of primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction.     

后腹腔镜治疗儿童先天性肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的价值

目的:探讨后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗儿童先天性肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)的可行性、手术技巧及临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析26例先天性UPJO患儿经后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗的临床资料。20例患儿因患侧腰腹胀痛就诊,2例因血尿就诊,4例体检时发现。并发肾盂结石4例。在后腹腔镜下游离肾盂及输尿管上段,斜行切除狭窄段,用5-0可吸收线全层缝合输尿管近端与肾盂做V-Y吻合。留置支架管及肾盂造瘘管。结果:26例手术均获得成功。随访3～18个月,复查静脉尿路造影示吻合口无狭窄,肾积水、肾功能均得到改善。结论:采用后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗儿童先天性UPJO效果显著,安全可行,较开放手术创伤小,可以替代开放手术成为儿童先天性UPJO的首选治疗方式。     

腹腔镜Anderson-Hynes肾盂成形术(附32例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜Anderson-Hynes肾盂成形术的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾分析32例腹腔镜Anderson-Hynes肾盂成形术患者的临床资料。结果:32例手术均获成功,手术时间70～210min,平均130min,术中出血40～120ml,平均约80ml,术后6～9d出院,平均住院8d。术后6个月复查B超和静脉肾盂造影,31例患侧肾积水减轻或消失,肾盂输尿管连接部吻合口无狭窄、漏尿,肾盂输尿管排尿功能良好;1例出现再次狭窄,经手术治疗后痊愈。结论:腹腔镜Anderson-Hynes肾盂成形术患者创伤小,康复快,可取得与开放手术相同的疗效,是有效治疗肾盂输尿管移行处狭窄的微创方法。     

腹腔镜辅助下离断式反向裁剪肾盂成形术13例

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下结合放大镜行离断式肾盂成形术可行性。方法肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄13例采用腹膜后小切口，腹腔镜下游离肾周围，肾盂及输尿管上段，将肾盂反向裁剪，放大镜下行肾盂输尿管吻合。结果13例手术均获成功，手术时间100～180min，平均121min，术中出血量30～100ml，平均70ml。12例随访3～20个月，平均12．3月，肾功能恢复良好，肾积水基本消失。结论腹腔镜下离断式反向裁剪肾盂成形术符合解剖生理，临床可行，值得推广。     

腹部小切口腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术13例

目的:探讨腹部小切口腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床疗效。方法:共治疗13例。经腹腔途径腹腔镜下充分游离出肾盂和输尿管上段,仔细观察肾盂输尿管连接部,剪断狭窄段的远端,将一个穿刺孔延长至4cm左右,直视下进行肾盂输尿管吻合。结果:13例手术均获成功,无围手术期并发症。术后随访1～23个月,吻合口无狭窄,肾积水减轻,肾功能有不同程度改善。结论:本术式安全、有效,适合在刚开展腹腔镜手术的医院推广。