江西省广丰县某学校学生贫血情况调查分析

目的　了解江西省广丰县学生贫血患病情况。方法　 2 0 0 4年 3～ 4月选择广丰县某学校在校学生采用氰化高铁血红蛋白法测定血红蛋白水平 ,根据WHO诊断贫血标准进行判断。结果　调查 4 5 87名学生 ,贫血患病率为 2 7 10 % ,其中男生患病率为 2 4 14 % ,女生患病率为 32 33% ,女生高于男生 (P <0 0 1) ,而无论男生或女生其贫血患病率均随着年龄的升高呈下降趋势 (P <0 0 1)。结论　广丰县某学校学生贫血患病情况较为严重 ,要采取积极措施进行防治。     

小学生缺铁性贫血与血红蛋白含量调查

缺铁性贫血是我国儿童青少年中最常见的营养性疾病。为了解和掌握我校学生血红蛋白 (Hb)含量及缺铁性贫血患病状况 ,我们于 2 0 0 3年 3月请北京市海淀区中小学卫生保健所为我校学生进行血红蛋白含量检测。现将结果报道如下。1　对象和方法1.1　对象　从我校 6个年级段中抽取二、四两个年级段共5 2 2名学生为调查对象 ,二级段 ( 7岁 )学生 2 5 6名 ,其中男生14 7名 ,女生 10 9名 ;四年级段 ( 9岁 )学生 2 6 6名 ,其中男生 14 9名 ,女生 117名。本组学生无患再生障碍性贫血等其他贫血性疾病。1.2　方法　取手指末梢血 2 0 μL ,用氰化高铁血…     

梅州城区中小;学生贫血状况调查

贫血是中小学生常见病之一 ,为了解梅州城区中小学生贫血患病情况 ,为贫血防治工作提供科学依据 ,我们于 2 0 0 0年 10月进行了贫血状况调查 ,现将结果报道如下。1　对象与方法1.1　对象 :选择具有代表性的城区梅州中学、区人民小学 2所学校的在校健康学生为检测对象 ,共 3 476名 ,其中男生 1811名 ,女生 16 6 5名 ;年龄 7～ 18岁。1.2　方法 :左手无名指常规消毒取末梢血 2 0 μｌ,按照《全国学生常见病综合防治方案技术规则》(试行 )要求 ,采用ＷＨＯ推荐的氰化高铁血红蛋白法测定血红蛋白 (Ｈｂ)含量 ,检测仪器为ＸＦ -1型血红蛋白仪 ,贫…     

济宁市部分中小学生贫血现状调查

为了解济宁市部分中小学生血红蛋白 (Ｈｂ)含量 ,于 2 0 0 0年 10～ 11月对济宁市的 115 1名中小学生进行了调查。1　对象与方法1 1　对象　济宁市 5所小学、4所中学的学生 ,总计115 1名。其中 ,男生 5 70名 ,女生 5 81名 ;济宁市市中区 5 90名 ,邹城市 5 6 1名。1 2　方法　血红蛋白含量测定采用ＷＨＯ推荐的氰化高铁法 ,使用 72 1分光光度计进行测定 ;采血时间均在8:0 0～ 11:30进行 ,采血部位为左手无名指。贫血诊断标准参照 1992年ＷＨＯ标准[1] ,7～ 14岁儿童血红蛋白 (Ｈｂ) <12 0ｇ/Ｌ ;15岁以上男生Ｈｂ <130ｇ/Ｌ ,女生Ｈｂ <12 0…     

宁波市中小学生贫血与血红蛋白含量调查

目的　了解宁波市中小学生贫血患病状况 ,为防治中小学生贫血提供依据。　方法　以整群抽样方法抽取 174 8名中小学生 ,采用世界卫生组织 (WHO)推荐的氰化高铁法测定血红蛋白的含量。　结果　男生和女生血红蛋白的含量均随年龄的增长而上升。中小学生贫血患病率为 2 6 .4 3% ;14岁、17岁男女学生贫血患病率差异有极显著意义 (χ2 =7.80 ,P <0 .0 1) ;小学年龄组与中学年龄组学生的贫血患病率 ,两者差异有极显著意义 (χ2 =33.34,P <0 .0 1)。　结论　贫血以轻度缺铁性贫血为主 ,贫血的防治工作必须从小抓起 ,以初、高中生为重点。     

某校住读生与走读生贫血情况分析

贫血严重危害人类身体健康 ,特别是对正处于青春期的青少年危害更大 ,影响其生长发育和智力发育。为了解贫血在四川外国语学院教学实验基地 (学生全封闭式住读 ,简称川外班 )学生和普通班走读学生中的患病情况 ,我们于 2 0 0 0年 5月进行了血红蛋白 (Ｈｂ)测定。1　对象与方法选择填写调查项目完整、无缺项的初中 1～ 3年级学生为对象 ,包括川外班与普通班共 9个班的学生。其中川外班男生99人 ,女生 1 2 4人 ;普通班男生 1 2 2人 ,女生 1 0 5人。Ｈｂ测定采用氰化高铁血红蛋白比色法 ,贫血诊断按ＷＨＯ推荐的诊断标准进行。女生Ｈｂ <1 2 0 …     

玉门城乡中小学生贫血状况调查

1998年 9月我们对玉门市城乡中小学生贫血患病情况 ,进行了调查 ,现将结果分析如下。1　对象与方法抽取玉门市城乡 9所中小学校学生为调查对象 ,共 2 871名 ,年龄为 7～ 1 8岁 ,其中男生 1 5 39人 ,女生 1 332人。采集调查对象无名指末端血 2 0 μｌ,采用《全国学生常见病综合防治方案技术规范 (试行 )》推荐的氰化高铁法测定血红蛋白 ,贫血诊断标准参照《儿童少年贫血诊断国家标准》(待批 )。2　结果2 .1　贫血检出情况 :共检出贫血学生 2 0 5人 ,贫血率为7.1 4% ,其中男生为 7.5 4% ,女生为 6 .6 8%。2 .2　城乡学生贫血比较 :城市学生贫…     

汕头市中小学生贫血状况调查分析

目的　掌握汕头市中小学生贫血患病状况 ,为建立经济、高效的中小学生贫血综合干预模式提供依据。方法　按《全国学生常见病综合防治方案技术规范》(试行 )规定的氰化高铁法测定血红蛋白含量及推荐的贫血诊断标准 ,对汕头市 4 0所调查点校共 4 5 0 70名中小学生贫血现况进行调查分析。结果　汕头市 7～ 17岁中小学生贫血患病率为 10 77% ;贫血分度以轻度为主 ,占检出人数的 99 2 8% ;小学、初中、高中学生的贫血患病率分别为 11 0 0 %、10 2 7%、11 0 9% ,差异无显著性 (P>0 0 5 )。各年龄组间患病率比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ,患病率 15岁最高 ,13岁最低 ;男女生贫血患病率分别为 8 83%、12 88% ,男生患病率低于女生 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　汕头市中小学生贫血防治工作应以轻度贫血的学生为重点对象 ,采用普及营养知识、改善膳食结构、进行营养干预等综合防治策略     

绩溪县3 049名小学生贫血状况

为了解绩溪县城区小学生贫血状况 ,加强儿童常见病的防治 ,我站于 2 0 0 0年 5月和 11月分别对城区 2所小学进行了调查 ,现将结果报道如下。1　对象与方法1.1　对象　城区 2所小学 7～ 13岁学生 30 49名 ,其中男生15 46名 ,女生 15 0 3名。1.2　方法　采用ＷＨＯ推荐的氰化高铁血红蛋白测定法 ,用标准的血红蛋白吸管采左手无名指血 2 0 μｌ,加 5ｍｌ血红蛋白稀释液。1.3　贫血诊断标准　参照 1992年ＷＨＯ标准[1 ] ,7～ 14岁儿童<12 0ｇ Ｌ诊断为轻度贫血 ,<90ｇ Ｌ为中度贫血 ,<6 0ｇ Ｌ为重度贫血。2　结果与分析2 .1　贫血率　学生总贫…     

南阳宛城区中学生贫血现状与原因分析

贫血是儿童少年期的常见病、多发病之一 ,对中学生的生长发育和智力均有不良的影响。为了掌握宛城区中学生的贫血现状 ,笔者于 1 998年 1 1月进行了中学生贫血现状抽样调查 ,现报道如下。1　对象与方法1 .1　对象 :按照随机抽样的原则 ,从宛城区农村中学中抽查 3所中学 ,以所有学生共 40 0 8名为调查对象。其中男生 2 2 1 6人 ,占 5 5 .2 9% ,女生 1 792人 ,占 44.71 %。调查对象分布在 1 0～ 2 1岁共 1 0个年龄组 ,集中在 1 2～ 1 7岁共 5个年龄组。1 .2　方法1 .2 .1　询问调查 :用询问法了解被调查对象的基本情况、既往病史及患病情况 ,…     

不同性别中学生青春期学习成绩变化的研究

目的了解和证实是否客观存在青春期后女生学习能力降低的现象。方法收集分析了青岛市某中学高中毕业的一届学生230名女生和197名男生从初中到高中6年内的各次考试成绩。比较了男女学生每次考试的平均总成绩和成绩排名的平均名次。结果男女生之间初中入学时总成绩没有明显差别，但在初中阶段的历次考试中，女生成绩基本上优于男生，名次领先于男生；高中阶段情况出现倒转，女生成绩和名次逐渐落后于男生，并一直持续到高者．结论在所调查的这届学生中，确实存在女性在青春期前后学习能力下降的现象。     

Multiple micronutrient fortification of salt and its effect on cognition in Chennai school children

AIM: To test the efficacy of a multiple micronutrient fortified salt in improving the micronutrient status and health of school children and its effect on cognition. METHODS: A salt fortified with multiple micronutrients was developed containing chelated ferrous sulphate, microencapsulated vitamin A, B1, B2, B6, B12, folic acid, niacin, calcium pantothenate and iodine. The efficacy of the fortified salt was assessed in 7-11 year old school children in Chennai, India. In the experimental group (N=63), the food in the school kitchen was cooked with the fortified salt for a period of one year. The control group (N=66) consisted of day scholars who did not eat at the school. Hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit, serum vitamin A, urinary iodine and prevalence of angular stomatitis were measured at baseline and at the end of the study after one year. A battery of 7 memory tests (The personal information test, the Mann-Suiter Visual memory screen for objects, The digit span forward test, The digit span backward test, The delayed response test, The Benton Visual Retention Test and The Cattells retentivity test), one test for attention and concentration (Letter cancellation test) and one test for intelligence (Raven's coloured progressive matrices) were administered to all the children at baseline and endline. RESULTS: There was a significant (p<0.05) improvement in the experimental group in hemoglobin, red cell count, urinary iodine and serum vitamin A whereas in the control group there was a statistically significant decline (p<0.05) in hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell count and urinary iodine. Angular stomatitis was eliminated from baseline 30.4% in the experimental group whereas it increased from 3.25% to 25.5% in the control group. In 4 tests out of the 7 memory tests and in the letter cancellation test for attention, the mean increment in scores in the experimental group is significantly more (p<0.05) than the control group. There was no significant improvement in overall intelligence as seen in the Ravens progressive matrices between the experimental and control groups. CONCLUSION: The study shows that the multiple micronutrient fortified salt is effective in improving multiple micronutrient status and cognition in children.     

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in primary school children of Tabriz, North-West Iran

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as its subtypes, in elementary school children and their demographic characteristics. A random clustered sample of elementary students was selected from schools of Tabriz, North-West Iran. The clinical diagnosis of ADHD was based on DSM-IV-TR criteria using an interview with children who were selected as scoring high on the Conner's teacher rating scale. A total of 30 schools and 1658 students were evaluated. The prevalence rate of clinical ADHD in the elementary students of Tabriz was 9.7%. Only two had been diagnosed previously. The mean age (standard deviation) was 9.39 (1.27) years. ADHD was more common among boys, students of the third level and children with an un-educated mother or father. It was not related to the type of school, age or birth order. Students with ADHD had lower school performance and orderliness reported by the school. Inattentiveness was more common among schoolgirls while the most common subtype was the combined one. Inattentive students had a significantly lower school performance. ADHD is common in elementary schools of this region and is correlated with poor performance. Greater awareness of parents and teachers concerning children at risk is necessary for an early diagnosis.     

Familial factors in going to medical school

Attending medical school has long been known to be strongly familial. We set out to discover whether this tendency has been altered by recent procedures for selection of medical students. Preclinical medical students in the University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff and first-year zoology students completed a self-report questionnaire on the frequency of going to medical school among their first- and second-degree relatives. Thirteen per cent of the first degree relatives of the medical student proband group had attended medical school, compared with approximately 0.22% of the general population, giving a 'relative risk' of 61. Twenty-one per cent of the siblings over age 18 years of the medical student probands had been or were currently in a medical school, compared with 4% of the zoology student proband siblings. We conclude that going to medical school remains highly familial and this is probably largely determined by environmental/cultural and social factors. However, it is possible that genetic factors contribute in a non-specific way, e.g. via their influence on general intelligence.     

高中生参观性病/艾滋病图片展前后KAP调查分析

目的：了解闵行区高中生艾滋病知、信、行现状以及探索艾滋病宣传策略。方法：对闵行区两个班的高中学生参观性病艾滋病图片展览前后问卷调查。结果：高中学生艾滋病知识水平不高,参观前平均知晓率５９．４％,参观后６５．９％;６１．１％的学生希望获得性病／艾滋病知识,女生为６２．１％;４６．３％的学生认为,为预防艾滋病人们能控制自己的性行;３６．８％认为与一个新性伴发生性关系时应使用避孕套;４４．２％认为人一生     

Sexual attitudes and risk-taking behaviors of high school students in Turkey

BACKGROUND: The risk of sexually transmitted diseases is high but opportunities of sexual education for adolescents are limited in Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate sexual attitudes and behaviors and to determine the predictors of sexual initiation among adolescents. METHODS: A questionnaire designed by the researchers was administered to 861 senior year high school students in their classrooms. RESULTS: The rates of masturbation and sexual intercourse and the median partner numbers among males were higher than females. The rates of having negative feelings after the first sex among females were higher than males. The rates of having sexual intercourse and the mean age at first sexual intercourse among males were similar to developed countries. However, the use of a condom at first intercourse was low. Lower academic performance and grade repetition experience among males and cigarette smoking among both gender groups were related to having sexual intercourse. CONCLUSIONS: This is one of the first studies about sexual risk-taking behaviors among high school students in Turkey. Differences found between gender groups regarding attitudes and behaviors reflect the social structure in Turkey. These findings may be helpful in producing effective solutions for improving education and preventive health care.     

泰安市中小学生肥胖现况及高血压危险因素研究

目的了解泰安市中小学生肥胖现况,探讨引起中小学生高血压的危险因素,以便为成年期疾病早期预防的研究提供依据.方法采用现况调查和危险因素病例对照研究法进行研究.结果泰安市中小学生高血压、超重和肥胖的检出率分别为5.48%,5.48%和5.88%;男生检出率显著高于女生,检出率随着年龄增长而升高.肥胖,高盐、高脂、高热饮食,缺乏运动及家族史是高血压主要患病危险因素.结论男生和高中学生是预防干预的重点人群;学校、学生和家长应密切配合,共同努力,才能取得预防干预的满意效果.     

防城港市2007年中小学生HBsAg携带状况

目的了解广西防城港市中小学生乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）感染状况,为乙型肝炎的预防控制工作提供依据。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对全市10162名中、小学生进行HBsAg检测,并进行流行病学分析。结果-该市中、小学生HBsAg阳性率为6.98％;小学生、初中生、高中生阳性率分别为2.78％、8.17％、12.07％。小学与初中、小学与高中、初中与高中阳性率差异有统计学意义（X^2值分别为：106.60、252.58、23.83,P〈0.01）;男女生HBsAg阳性率分别为8.54％、5.12％,差异有统计学意义（X^2=45.39,P〈0.01）;城区学生检出率为5.16％,农村学生检出率为9.92％,城乡学生HBsAg阳性率差异有统计学意义（X^2=83.67,P〈0.01）。结论防城港市中小学生的乙型肝炎防治工作仍有待加强,要加大乙型肝炎防治知识的宣传,做好中小学生乙肝疫苗接种和加强免疫工作,提高学生免疫水平,降低乙型肝炎感染及发病率。     

Academic performance and substance use: findings from a state survey of public high school students

BACKGROUND: Previous investigations have shown that low academic achievers are more likely to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, and use marijuana and other illicit drugs. This study investigated the relationship between academic performance and substance use among public high school students in Mississippi. METHODS: The sampling frame for the 2003 Mississippi Youth Risk Behavior Survey was obtained from the Mississippi Department of Education. A 2-stage cluster sample design produced a representative sample of Mississippi students in grades 9-12 who attended public schools. During the spring 2003, 34 of the 45 sampled schools (75.6%) participated. RESULTS: A total of 1488 from the 1672 sampled students (89.0%) completed an 87-item questionnaire (overall response rate 67.3%). Low academic performance (students with mostly Cs or below) during the 12 months preceding the survey was more prevalent among males, non-Hispanic blacks, frequent smokers, binge drinkers, and marijuana users. Logistic regression identified gender, race, frequent smoking, and marijuana use as statistically significant factors associated with increased odds for low academic performance. Adjusted odds ratios were 1.2 for binge drinkers versus other students to 2.6 for non-Hispanic black students versus non-Hispanic white students. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings highlight the extensive use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana among Mississippi public high school students. Because poor academic achievers are more prevalent among students who participate in these substance-use behaviors, multifaceted approaches that encourage high levels of academic performance, while dissuading student involvement in risky/problem behaviors, may both improve low levels of academic achievement and reduce behaviors that contribute to poor health in adulthood.     

Micronutrients and Child Health: Studies in International Nutrition and HIV Infection

Increasing data link micronutrient deficiencies to excess childhood morbidity and mortality, and similar relationships have been noted in the study of nutrition and HIV infection. We review epidemiologic studies that have examined the relationship between micronutrient deficiencies and health outcomes in childhood and HIV infection, as well as clinical trials of micronutrient supplementation. Vitamin A supplementation among communities at risk of deficiency effectively reduces mortality and morbidity in children younger than age 5, and vitamin A may be especially effective in HIV-infected children. Vertical transmission of HIV has not to date been affected by maternal micronutrient supplementation. In children with poor dietary zinc intake and/or bioavailability, zinc supplementation reduces the incidence and severity of diarrheal diseases, as well as the occurrence of pneumonia. Vitamin A therapy has not been associated with improved growth, whereas some trials have shown that zinc supplementation is associated with greater increments in height. Further trials of micronutrient supplementation are warranted.