I期后路全脊椎切除治疗重度胸腰椎畸形的神经系统并发症

目的 探讨应用I期后路全脊椎切除治疗重度胸腰椎畸形的神经系统并发症,并分析相关危险因素.方法 2000年2月-2010年9月接受I期后路全脊椎切除治疗的重度胸腰椎畸形患者67例,男29例,女38例;年龄14～62岁,平均31.4岁.其中青少年(年龄<18岁)21例,成人(年龄≥18岁)46例.侧凸畸形11例,平均冠状面主弯Cobb角90.4°;侧后凸畸形25例,冠状面主弯Cobb角94.5°,后凸角度平均65.5°;角状后凸畸形28例,平均后凸角74.3°;圆弧状后凸3例,平均后凸角91.1°.初次手术患者59例,翻修患者8例.采用主弯区顶椎全脊椎切除,全节段椎弓根螺钉内固定矫形和360°植骨融合术,统计神经系统并发症的发生情况.结果 平均随访时间14个月(3～69个月),出现神经系统并发症者共8例(11.9%),其中严重神经并发症3例,发生率4.5%,包括1例大量失血血容量灌注不足导致完全性脊髓损伤.轻度神经并发症患者5例,发牛率7.5%.胸椎全脊椎切除的神经损伤发生率要明显高于腰椎(P<0.05).多个椎体切除的并发症发牛率显著增加(P<0.05).术前已经伴有或者不伴有神经损害表现患者的神经并发症发生率分别为33.3%和7.3%(P<0.05),翻修手术的并发症发生率明显增加(P<0.05).差异虽无统计学意义(P>0.05),但出现神经系统并发症的8例患者术前均合并有严重的后凸畸形(>60.).结论 I期后路全脊椎切除是外科治疗重度胸腰椎畸形有效手术方式,但神经并发症应引起关注.相关神经损伤危险因素包括术中操作不当、大量失血、术前已经有神经受损表现、胸段截骨、多个椎体切除、翻修手术和严重后凸.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the neurological complications in treatment of severe thoracolumbar spinal deformity with one stage posterior vertebral column resection (pVCR) and discuss the related risk factors. Methods There were 67 patients with severe thoracolumbar spinal deformity who underwent one-stage pVCR from February 2000 to September 2010.There were 29 males and 38 females at an average age of 31.4 years old(range,14-62 years).There were 21 patients at age less than 18 years old and 46 at age more than 18 years old.Patients were divided into four pathological types:severe scoliosis group(n=11,mean Cobb angle 90.4°),kyphoscoliosis group(n=25,mean scoliosis 94.5°,and mean kyphosis 65.5°),angular kyphosis group(n=28,mean kyphosis 74.3°)and global kyphosis group(n=3,mean kyphosis 91.1°).of all the patients,59 patients underwent primary surgery and eight underwent revision surgery.Surgical methods included posterior apex vertebral column resection,segemental pedicle screw fixation and correction as well as 360° bone fusion.Neurological complication was statistically analyzed. Results The average follow-up was 14 months (range,3-69 months),which showed severe neurologic complication in eight patients(11.9%)after surgery.Severe neurologic complication occurred in three patients (4.5%),among whom one patient presented delayed complete paraplegia 23 hours after surgery.Five patients had mild neurologic deficits(7.5%),the incidence of which was higher than 23.1%for thoracic osteotomy (P<0.05).Multilevel pVCR had high rate of neurological complications (P<0.05).The incidence rate was 33.3% for patients with preoperative neurologic compromise and 7.3%for patients mthom preoperative neuroiogic compromise (P<0.05).The incidence rate was increased in the revision surgery (P<0.05).Eight patients with neurological deficits had kyphotic angle of raore than 60°although there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusions pVCR is an effective surgical method for the correction of severe thoracolumbar spinal deformity.The neurological complications,however,should be paid attention to the surgeons.The risk factors for neurologic complications include improper manipulation,massive blood losing,preoperative neurologic compromise,osteotomy at thoracic rein,multi-level vertebrectomy,revision surgery and severe kyphosis.     

Delayed neurologic deterioration in the patient with spinal trauma: role of MR imaging.

PURPOSE: To 1) correlate spinal MR features and modes of clinical presentation associated with symptomatic neurologic deterioration following longstanding spinal trauma; 2) correlate degree of neurologic deficit with spinal MR appearance in these patients; and 3) determine the relationship between new symptoms and ongoing cord compression. METHODS: Retrospective examination of MR images, and correlation with clinical data, in 94 consecutive patients. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients presented with either an increase in degree of myelopathy or ascending neurologic level. Spinal cord atrophy (43%), syrinx (41%), and cord compression (24%) were found most frequently. Whereas in patients with complete motor and sensory deficit cord atrophy was the most frequent finding (52%), 75% of patients with useful motor function had normal spinal cords. There was a significant association (P less than .05) between cord compression and the MR findings of cord atrophy and myelomalacia, whereas a normal cord was over twice as frequent in patients without spinal cord compression. MR imaging led to an active change in management in 15% of patients, with improvement following surgery in all operated cases. CONCLUSION: Although syrinx is a frequent, and treatable cause of delayed neurologic deterioration, MR will frequently show other abnormalities such as ongoing cord compression. MR imaging should be performed urgently in all patients with new symptoms to enable early treatment to prevent irreversible loss of function.     

磁刺激运动诱发电位诊断颈髓髓内和髓外病变

目的 探索磁刺激运动诱发电位（ＭＦＰ）在颈髓髓内和髓外病变中的诊断价值。方法 采用磁刺激ＭＥＰ和电刺激Ｆ波相结合的方法,测定颈髓病变患者４５例,健康对照组２０例。通过记录双侧上肢外展拇短肌（ＡＰＢ）和下肢胫前肌（ＡＴ）的混合肌动作电位,计算中枢运动传导时间（ＣＭＣＴ）,并与临床表现和影像学表现作对比。结果 ＡＴ肌ＭＥＰ检查结果对髓外病变较敏感,ＣＭＣＴ异常与颈髓压迫影像和上运动神经元受素表现相关。     

Re-Irradiation of the Human Spinal Cord

PURPOSE: Experimental animal data give evidence of long-term recovery of the spinal cord after irradiation. By extrapolation of these data, re-irradiation regimens were designed for eight patients who required palliative radiotherapy. As a consequence of re-irradiation, their spinal cords were exposed to cumulative doses exceeding the tolerance dose. Radiobiological and clinical data are presented. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Eight patients were re-irradiated on the cervical (n = 1), thoracic (n = 5) and lumbar (n = 2) spinal cord. The time interval between the initial and re-treatment ranged from 4 months to 12.7 years (median: 2.5 years). (Re-)treatment schemes were designed and analyzed on basis of the biologically effective dose (BED) according to the linear-quadratic model. The repair capacity (alpha/beta ratio) for the cervico-thoracic and lumbar spinal cord was assumed to be 2 Gy and 4 Gy, with a BEDtolerance of 100 Gy and 84 Gy, respectively. RESULTS: The cumulative irradiation dose applied to the spinal cord varied between 125 and 172% of the BEDtolerance. During follow-up, ranging from 33 days to > 4.5 years (median: 370 days) none of the patients developed neurological complications. Seven patients died from tumor progression, and one patient is still alive. CONCLUSION: Long-term recovery of the spinal cord from radiation injury, which has been demonstrated in rodents and primates, may also occur in humans.     

Intraoperative sonography of cervical spinal cord injury: results in 30 patients

Intraoperative spinal sonography (IOSS) with a 7.5-MHz sector transducer was performed in 30 patients with cervical spine injury associated with neurologic deficits. A laminectomy (25 patients) or anterior corpectomy (five patients) during spinal surgery provided the IOSS imaging window. The surgery was performed for either spinal decompression or fixation as part of the initial care of these patients and occurred 1 to 39 days (mean, 12.4 days) after injury. Parenchymal spinal cord lesions at the level of cervical fracture or stenosis that were compatible with the initial neurologic deficits were detected by IOSS in 28 (96.5%) of 29 patients with technically adequate studies. Lesions appeared as foci of increased echogenicity and were sorted into five injury grades (0 through IV). The IOSS injury grade in each patient was determined by the maximal diameter of regions of increased echogenicity and/or cyst formation in either the sagittal or transverse image plane. The extent of initial neurologic injury and its recovery was assessed by using the ASIA motor score (0 to 100 unit scale) at admission and during follow-up. The IOSS injury grade was correlated with the initial ASIA motor score (p less than 0.009, Spearman's Rank Order Test), indicating that the IOSS echogenicity is related to the extent of initial clinical motor deficit. Regression analysis disclosed that both the IOSS injury grade and the initial ASIA score were correlated with the follow-up ASIA score (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001, respectively). However, the addition of the IOSS injury grade to the initial ASIA motor score did not improve the predictive ability of the follow-up ASIA motor score.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Intraoperative sonography of cervical spinal cord injury: results in 30 patients

Intraoperative spinal sonography (IOSS) with a 7.5-MHz sector transducer was performed in 30 patients with cervical spine injury associated with neurologic deficits. A laminectomy (25 patients) or anterior corpectomy (five patients) during spinal surgery provided the IOSS imaging window. The surgery was performed for either spinal decompression or fixation as part of the initial care of these patients and occurred 1 to 39 days (mean, 12.4 days) after injury. Parenchymal spinal cord lesions at the level of cervical fracture or stenosis that were compatible with the initial neurologic deficits were detected by IOSS in 28 (96.5%) of 29 patients with technically adequate studies. Lesions appeared as foci of increased echogenicity and were sorted into five injury grades (0 through IV). The IOSS injury grade in each patient was determined by the maximal diameter of regions of increased echogenicity and/or cyst formation in either the sagittal or transverse image plane. The extent of initial neurologic injury and its recovery was assessed by using the ASIA motor score (0 to 100 unit scale) at admission and during follow-up. The IOSS injury grade was correlated with the initial ASIA motor score (p less than 0.009, Spearman's Rank Order Test), indicating that the IOSS echogenicity is related to the extent of initial clinical motor deficit. Regression analysis disclosed that both the IOSS injury grade and the initial ASIA score were correlated with the follow-up ASIA score (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001, respectively). However, the the addition of IOSS injury grade to the initial ASIA motor score did not improve the predictive ability of the follow-up ASIA motor score. This was interpreted as indicating that the IOSS injury grade and initial ASIA motor score contain similar information about the extent of the traumatic spinal cord injury. IOSS was compared with concurrently performed cervical spine MR images in 12 patients. IOSS confirmed parenchymal lesions demonstrated by MR (five patients), revealed cord lesions not detected by suboptimal MR studies (three patients), and better characterized lesions with early cyst formation (two patients). IOSS did not detect possibly significant herniated intervertebral disks in two patients because of its limited field of view.     

肠道病毒71型感染手足口病合并神经系统损害的MRI表现

目的 探讨肠道病毒71型(EV71)感染手足口病(HFMD)合并神经系统损害的MRI表现及特征.方法 回顾性分析海南省EV71感染流行期间25例伴有神经系统损害HFMD患儿临床、MRI表现,并结合文献分析其可能机制.结果 HFMD合并急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)5例,典型MRI表现为矢状面脊髓内长条形长T1、长T2信号,横断面显示相应节段脊髓前角点状长T2信号,增强扫描部分前角、脊神经前根明显强化.HFMD合并脑干脑炎15例,MRI横断面显示桥脑、延髓、中脑后部长T1、长T2信号.HFMD合并无菌性脑膜炎5例,缺乏特异性MRI表现,若发现硬膜下腔增宽、脑膜强化及脑积水等征象则是无菌性脑膜炎的间接证据.结论 MRI是评价EV71型感染HFMD神经系统损害的有效方法,损害部位常位于脑干被盖部、脊髓前角,影像表现具有相对特异性.     

Traumatic spinal cord injuries from snowboarding

BACKGROUND: Little information has yet been made available on the types and mechanisms of snowboard-related spinal cord injuries or their neurologic involvement. PURPOSE: To review the cause and types of spinal cord injuries seen in snowboarders. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: The subjects were 18 patients (mean age, 24.0 years) referred to the authors' institution for neurologic deficits associated with spinal injuries between November 1, 1995, and April 9, 2005. The clinical features of these patients were reviewed with respect to epidemiologic factors, mechanism of injury, fracture pattern, and neurologic status. RESULTS: The 18 snowboarders with spinal cord injuries constituted a very homogeneous group. First, almost all patients (94.4%) were young men. Second, most of the patients were intermediate or expert boarders. Third, the most common cause of injury was a failure of intentional jumping (83.3%). Fourth, the most commonly affected site was the thoracolumbar junction (66.7%), and the most common type of fracture was an anterior dislocation fracture (66.7%). Finally, in the thoracolumbar group, most patients (83.3%) were classed as Frankel grade A or B. CONCLUSION: It is fundamentally important that snowboarders, especially young men, be made aware of the spinal injury risk associated with jumping.     

MRI对脊髓型多发性硬化临床分期的价值

目的:探讨脊髓型多发性硬化(MS)的MRI表现及其病理基础,评价MRI对MS临床分期价值。方法:脊髓型MS患者43例,按临床特点分为急性期、静止期和缓解复发期。对所有患者行头部和脊柱磁共振检查,分析各期的MRI表现。结果:脊髓型MS的主要MRI表现为髓内长或等T1、长T2信号改变。脊髓型MS各期的MRI特点:①急性期11例,均表现为脊髓轻度~中度肿胀,增强扫描时10例(90.9%)髓内病灶有明显强化,其中9例呈斑片状或边缘环状强化,1例呈结节状强化,范围明显小于T2WI上所见;1例无强化。4例伴脊髓中央管扩张。有8例经治疗后病灶缩小,脊髓肿胀消失。②静止期17例,14例(82.4%)脊髓形态、大小未见异常,髓内病灶均无强化。③缓解复发期15例中,11例(73.3%)伴有脊髓萎缩,增强扫描时5例出现轻度点状或条状强化,病变范围与T2WI所见相似。各期脊髓型MS的病变范围及分布差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:MRI能反映脊髓型MS各期的病理变化,对脊髓型MS的分期具有重要价值。     

脊髓栓系综合征MRI诊断的临床价值

目的：探讨脊髓栓系综合征（TCS）的MRI特点及其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析21例经手术病理证实的TCS的MRI表现，并与手术所见、临床表现进行对照分析。结果：21例TCS均表现为脊髓低位。椎管内脂肪瘤8例，脊髓纵裂2例，双干脊髓1例，畸胎瘤3例，囊肿1例，脂肪脊膜膨出6例。21例均合并神经管闭合不全，其中6例无任何临床症状为查体时发现。MRI与临床、手术所见相符。结论：MRI对TCS患者的确诊具有重要的价值，能明确显示脊髓圆锥的位置、栓系的部位，伴发的畸形，为手术提供可靠的依据。     

下颈椎损伤分类评分系统的评估及临床应用

目的 评估下颈椎损伤分类(subaxial cervical spine injury classification,SLIC)系统的可信度和可重复性及其对颈脊柱脊髓损伤治疗的指导作用.方法 选择2007年12月-2008年7月入院的下颈椎脊柱脊髓损患者30例,均行颈椎X线、CT、MRI检查和系统的神经学体检,按照SLIC系统的原则从三个方面对其进行评估,即骨折的形态、间盘韧带复合体(disco-ligamentous complex,DLC)状态和神经功能状态.根据影像学检查将骨折形态分为:无损伤、压缩型、爆裂型、牵张型和旋转/平移型;将DLC损伤分为:无损伤型、不确定型、断裂型.根据神经学体检将神经损伤状态分为:无损伤、神经根损伤、完全性/不完全性脊髓损伤和持续脊髓压迫.分四组医师根据SLIC系统对30例患者资料进行评定,计算SLIC评分,并根据评分决定其治疗方案.3个月后进行再次评估.使用Cohen加权Kappa系数对SLIC总分、骨折形态、DLC状态、神经损伤状态、治疗选择进行观察者间一致性和可重复性分析.根据SLIC评分选择治疗方法,评估此组患者的神经功能恢复情况和并发症发生情况.结果 计算SLIC亚类(骨折形态、DLC状态、SLIC总分、治疗选择)的Kappa系数位于中度和较高可信度之间(0.47～0.69),针对神经损伤状态亚类的Kappa系数为0.83,可信度高,诊断一致性较高.两次可信度评估的Kappa值差异无统计学意义.以相同方法计算SLIC系统可重复性,SLIC亚类(骨折形态、DLC状态、SLIC总分、治疗推荐)的Kappa系数位于中度和较高可重复性之间(0.53～0.78),针对神经损伤状态亚类的Kappa系数为0.89,为高度可重复性.根据SLIC评分选择治疗,神经功能恢复率为79.2%,此组患者治疗后无神经损伤加重,并发症发生率较低.结论 SLIC系统具有较高的可靠性和可重复性,且使用简单,易于掌握,此方法对于颈椎损伤的评估较全面和准确,可以作为患者临床治疗选择的依据.     

Chronic injuries of the spinal cord: assessment with MR imaging

Seventy-six patients with persistent myelopathy secondary to chronic spinal cord injuries underwent examination with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the results of which were correlated with neurologic findings. Twenty-one patients received follow-up study during and after the acute stage; 55 patients were examined only at a chronic stage. Spinal cord abnormalities were seen in 48 patients according to five patterns: (a) normal signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images (pattern N/N, n = 28), (b) normal signal intensity on T1-weighted and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images (pattern N/Hi, n = 18), (c) hypointensity on T1-weighted and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images (pattern Lo/Hi, n = 17), (d) cord atrophy (n = 5), and (e) longitudinal syrinx formation with hypointensity on T1- and hyperintensity or isointensity on T2-weighted images (n = 8). Patients with pattern N/N had only slight neurologic damage and an excellent prognosis. Patients with pattern N/Hi had mild neurologic impairment, frequently associated with cord compression. Patients with pattern Lo/Hi had the worst prognosis. Atrophy was observed in patients with a long history of myelopathy.     

Complications of diagnostic cerebral angiography: evaluation of 19,826 consecutive patients

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the complications of diagnostic cerebral catheter angiography in 19,826 consecutive patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This HIPAA-compliant study had institutional review board approval, with waiver of informed consent. Demographic, procedural, and complication data in 19 826 consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic cerebral angiography at one institution from 1981 through 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Neurologic, systemic, and local complications were recorded on the basis of clinical follow-up results after each angiographic examination. Events that occurred within 24 hours of angiography were considered to be complications of the procedure. Multivariable analysis was employed to identify patient and procedural factors significantly associated with neurologic complications. RESULTS: Neurologic complications occurred in 522 examinations (2.63%), and 27 of these (0.14%) were strokes with permanent disability. Twelve deaths occurred (0.06%). Access-site hematoma was the most common complication overall (4.2%). Factors independently associated with an increased risk of neurologic complication included the indication of atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease (odds ratio [OR], 2.494), the indication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR, 2.523), and the comorbidity of frequent transient ischemic attack (OR, 1.674). Factors independently associated with a decreased risk of neurologic complication were increasing chronologic year in which the procedure was performed (OR, 0.659 per 5-year interval) and involvement of a trainee in the procedure (OR, 0.710). CONCLUSION: In this review, diagnostic catheter cerebral angiography was found to have relatively low complication rates.     

1.5 tesla magnetic resonance imaging of acute spinal trauma

Fifty patients with spinal injury above L2 were studied with MRI; forty-two had initial and followup studies permitting correlation of MRI abnormalities with neurologic improvement. Two discrete patterns of MRI abnormality were identified, presumably representing cord hemorrhage and edema respectively. A third pattern appeared to represent a mixed type of injury. The correlation between the MRI patterns of cord injury and neurologic recovery was excellent. The ability of MRI to demonstrate and characterize acute cord injury appears to exceed that of other diagnostic techniques.     

Cervical spinal stenosis with cord neurapraxia: evaluations and decisions regarding participation in athletics

Cervical spinal cord neurapraxia (CCN) leads to transient episodes ranging from paresthesia to paresis to plegia (complete paralysis), and occurs in athletes with some demonstrable degree of cervical spinal stenosis. Determination of spinal stenosis requires demonstrating a sagittal diameter of the spinal canal less than 14 mm from C4 to C6. Because radiologic techniques vary affecting the accuracy of this measure, a ratio method was developed comparing the spinal canal to the vertebral body width, demonstrating that a ratio of less than 0.8 is indicative of cervical spinal stenosis. Although this has high sensitivity (93%), the low predictive value of 0.2% makes this a poor screening tool for athletic participation. Further complicating the challenge of determining which athletes are at risk for quadriplegia are data showing that athletes who suffered permanent injury did not recall transient episodes of CCN, and conversely none of the athletes with CCN later developed permanent neurologic injury. Nevertheless, 56% of football athletes returning to sport after an episode of CCN experienced a recurrence as determined by survey data. Those with CCN and documented ligamentous instability, magnetic resonance imaging evidence of cord defects or swelling, neurologic symptoms or signs for greater than 36 hours, or more than one recurrence have an absolute contraindication.     

Spinal cord schistosomiasis: MR imaging appearance with surgical and pathologic correlation

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spinal cord involvement is a rare manifestation of schistosomiasis. We describe the MR imaging findings of spinal cord schistosomiasis in correlation with surgery and pathology. METHODS: We report eight cases of spinal cord schistosomiasis. All patients were men (mean age, 16.7 years) with neurologic manifestations who had been referred for spinal MR imaging. In all cases, spinal masses were surgically removed. MR imaging findings were correlated with surgery and pathology. RESULTS: MR imaging showed moderate expansion of the distal spinal cord in all cases. Abnormalities were isointense to cord in T1 and patchy hyperintense in T2-weighted spin-echo images (n = 8). Three forms of contrast enhancement were recognized: (1) intramedullary nodular (n = 8); (2) peripheral (n = 8); and (3) linear radicular (n = 4). Total gross surgical removal of masses by using the Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator was possible in six cases. Diagnosis was established by identification of ova in histopathologic studies: Schistosoma mansoni (n = 3), S. hematobium (n = 1), and uncertain species (n = 4). Intramedullary nodular enhancement was correlated to multiple schistosomiasis microtubercles. Peripheral enhancing lesions correlated to thickened leptomeninges infested by chronic granulomatous inflammatory cells and schistosoma eggs. Linear radicular enhancement correlated with thickened resected nervous roots infested by granulomatous cells and schistosoma eggs. CONCLUSION: Multinodular intramedullary contrast enhancement of the distal cord enabled correct presumptive preoperative MR imaging diagnosis of spinal schistosomiasis in three cases. Accurate diagnosis, through recognition of its MR imaging appearance, allows early treatment and better prognosis of spinal cord schistosomiasis.     

Catastrophic neck injuries in the collision sport athlete

Catastrophic neck injury is defined as a structural distortion of the cervical spinal column associated with actual (or potential) damage to the spinal cord. Although uncommon, this type of traumatic injury can lead to severe neurologic sequelae in the collision sport athlete. Emergency care is complicated by the helmet and shoulder pads worn by the athlete. A thorough understanding of the clinical anatomy, diagnostic considerations, and protocols for on-site evaluation and management is necessary to optimize outcome.     

Acute cervical spine trauma: evaluation with 1.5-T MR imaging

Twenty-one patients with acute neurologic deficits following cervical spine trauma were evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (n = 21), computed tomography enhanced with intrathecal contrast material (CT myelography) (n = 18), myelography (n = 13), cervical spine radiography (n = 21), and intraoperative sonography (n = 7). MR imaging proved superior to other modalities in demonstrating parenchymal spinal cord injuries and cervical intervertebral disk herniation. Although both T1- and T2-weighted studies appear necessary to evaluate the anatomic relationship of the spinal cord, thecal space, intervertebral disks, and surrounding osseous and ligamentous structures, T2-weighted sequences were more sensitive than T1-weighted studies for detection of spinal cord injury. CT myelography was superior to MR imaging in demonstrating cervical spine fractures. In most cases, myelography revealed no information that was not apparent from both CT and MR imaging studies. Preliminary experience with MR imaging of acute cervical spine trauma suggests that it should be the study of choice in symptomatic patients who are otherwise clinically stable. CT may still be required in selected patients to evaluate complex fractures.     

经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床观察

目的观察采用微创切口经椎旁肌间隙入路使用长臂万向椎弓根螺钉内固定技术治疗无脊髓/神经损伤的单个胸腰椎椎体骨折的临床疗效。方法选择2011年6月~2015年5月成都医学院第一附属医院的60例符合入选标准的患者,分为微创实验组和传统对照组,每组30例。微创实验组选用经椎旁肌间隙(最长肌和多裂肌间隙)入路,并使用长臂万向椎弓根螺钉撑开复位固定无脊髓/神经损伤的单个胸腰段骨折;传统对照组采用传统正中切口手术,比较两组伤椎椎体高度恢复百分比、伤椎Cobb's角恢复百分比、手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、术后伤口引流量及术中透视次数。结果两组病例通过术后复查X线片,微创实验组和传统对照组的伤椎椎体高度恢复百分比分别为(48.0±9.5)%、(50.2±9.4)%,微创实验组和传统对照组的伤椎椎体Cobb's角恢复百分比分别为(78.8±10.8)%、(80.2±8.9)%,上述两指标经比较无显著差异(P0.05)。但微创实验组和传统对照组的手术时间分别为(68.4±11.5)min、(131.2±45.1)min,住院时间分别为(12.7±2.4)d、(20.5±5.3)d,术中出血量分别为(41.2±12.5)m L、(227.6±56.4)m L,术后伤口的引流量分别为(31.9±10.4)m L、(247.4±48.4)m L,术中需要透视的次数分别为(4.0±0.5)次、(7.5±2.0)次,微创实验组均优于传统对照组(P0.05)。结论微创切口经椎旁肌间隙入路技术不但可有效恢复椎体高度及脊柱生理曲度,而且具有术中创伤小、围手术期出血少、术后恢复快等优点,对无脊髓/神经损伤的单个胸腰椎椎体骨折是一种实用的外科手术技术,值得临床推广。     

Bcl-xL基因转染对脊髓损伤细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察脂质体介导的Bcl—xL基因体内转染对大鼠脊髓损伤后伤区脊髓细胞凋亡和神经功能恢复的影响。方法制备大鼠胸段脊髓T8.9压迫损伤模型。38只大鼠分成三组：(1)损伤 pSFFV．Bcl—xL转染组(实验组，15只)；(2)损伤 pSFFV．GFP转染组(对照组，15只)；(3)假损伤组(8只)。将阳离子脂质体质粒混合后直接注入大鼠损伤脊髓，伤后3d和7d利用半定量逆转录一聚合酶链式反应(RT—PCR)和免疫组化检测Bcl—xL基因体内表达；原位末端标记(TUNEL)法检测细胞凋亡；采用开放场地试验BBB评分和斜板试验，评价神经功能。结果脊髓损伤后3d和7d损伤局部Bcl—xL mRNA和蛋白较对照组和假损伤组表达明显增多；TUNEL结果显示，实验组损伤节段细胞凋亡数比对照组明显减少，神经功能改善。结论脂质体介导Bcl—xL体内转基因治疗可有效转染脊髓的神经细胞；外源性Bcl—xL在损伤脊髓的过度表达可减少脊髓不完全性损伤后凋亡引起的神经元死亡和增强神经细胞成活，促进神经功能恢复。